This document provides an overview of working capital management practices at Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), with a focus on Durgapur Steel Plant. It discusses the importance of effective working capital management for business operations. The document analyzes working capital levels and components like inventory, receivables, payables at Durgapur Steel Plant and other SAIL plants from 2004-2008. It identifies some shortcomings in Durgapur's working capital management like uneven raw material holdings and high finished goods inventory. Recommendations are provided to improve liquidity and reduce working capital requirements through better inventory management and credit policies.
Training and Development in WIPRo
Wipro have an in-house training department that handles continuous training of employees.
Those with less than one year of experience are taken through a well-structured induction/training program. This will cover all aspects of software development skills that are required.
To meet the ever-changing requirements in training, wipro have rolled out their e-learning initiatives, which is available to all employees. Their "Virtual Campus" runs with the objective of building a vast learning community on the Net. The facility of "Training on demand" enables the individual to be in complete charge of his own learning experience.
Case study on infosys technologies – the bestAbhinav Kp
Humble Beginning & Spectacular Growth
Found in 1981,
By N.R. Narayana Murthy & his six colleagues
Global Presence with 32 sales offices in 17 countries & 33 global development centre
Training and Development in WIPRo
Wipro have an in-house training department that handles continuous training of employees.
Those with less than one year of experience are taken through a well-structured induction/training program. This will cover all aspects of software development skills that are required.
To meet the ever-changing requirements in training, wipro have rolled out their e-learning initiatives, which is available to all employees. Their "Virtual Campus" runs with the objective of building a vast learning community on the Net. The facility of "Training on demand" enables the individual to be in complete charge of his own learning experience.
Case study on infosys technologies – the bestAbhinav Kp
Humble Beginning & Spectacular Growth
Found in 1981,
By N.R. Narayana Murthy & his six colleagues
Global Presence with 32 sales offices in 17 countries & 33 global development centre
Les MOOCs et l'apprentissage numérique. Quel avenir pour l'école à l'ère numé...Marcel Lebrun
Formation, recherche, nouvelles technologies, attractivité, innovation… quelles stratégies mettre en place à l’horizon 2020 ? EducPros organise une conférence sur cette thématique jeudi 28 mars 2013. L'occasion d’échanger avec des penseurs du changement, des acteurs de l’enseignement supérieur et des experts du monde socio-économique.
Au programme, l’avenir des savoirs avec Edgar Morin, François Taddéi et Denis Kambouchner ; l’innovation avec Marcel Lebrun, Alain Bravo et Pascal Morand ; les enjeux sociétaux de l’éducation avec Martin Hirsch et Pierre Mathiot ; la notion de marque avec Benoit Heilbrunn ; l’impact et les évolutions de l’architecture universitaire avec Nicolas Michelin (campus Artem notamment) ; l’avenir des universités en France et dans le monde avec Eric Charbonnier, Louis Vogel et Jean-Michel Blanquer… Valérie Pécresse conclura cette rencontre en évoquant les atouts et contraintes françaises en matière de politique publique d’innovation.
Site EducPros : http://www.letudiant.fr/educpros/actualite/enseignement-superieur-quelles-strategies-a-l-horizon-2020.html
Présentation des contenus scientifiques validés et des ressources pédagogiques du Pôle national EDD (Education au développement durable) lors de la journée d'outillage scientifique des acteurs de l'éducation à l'environnement organisée le 22 novembre 2011 à Lille 1 par le Conservatoire botanique national de Bailleul.
Par Dominique Lefèvre, chef de projet du Pôle national EDD du réseau Scérén, Centre régional de documentation pédagogique d'Amiens.
Les MOOCs et l'apprentissage numérique. Quel avenir pour l'école à l'ère numé...Marcel Lebrun
Formation, recherche, nouvelles technologies, attractivité, innovation… quelles stratégies mettre en place à l’horizon 2020 ? EducPros organise une conférence sur cette thématique jeudi 28 mars 2013. L'occasion d’échanger avec des penseurs du changement, des acteurs de l’enseignement supérieur et des experts du monde socio-économique.
Au programme, l’avenir des savoirs avec Edgar Morin, François Taddéi et Denis Kambouchner ; l’innovation avec Marcel Lebrun, Alain Bravo et Pascal Morand ; les enjeux sociétaux de l’éducation avec Martin Hirsch et Pierre Mathiot ; la notion de marque avec Benoit Heilbrunn ; l’impact et les évolutions de l’architecture universitaire avec Nicolas Michelin (campus Artem notamment) ; l’avenir des universités en France et dans le monde avec Eric Charbonnier, Louis Vogel et Jean-Michel Blanquer… Valérie Pécresse conclura cette rencontre en évoquant les atouts et contraintes françaises en matière de politique publique d’innovation.
Site EducPros : http://www.letudiant.fr/educpros/actualite/enseignement-superieur-quelles-strategies-a-l-horizon-2020.html
Présentation des contenus scientifiques validés et des ressources pédagogiques du Pôle national EDD (Education au développement durable) lors de la journée d'outillage scientifique des acteurs de l'éducation à l'environnement organisée le 22 novembre 2011 à Lille 1 par le Conservatoire botanique national de Bailleul.
Par Dominique Lefèvre, chef de projet du Pôle national EDD du réseau Scérén, Centre régional de documentation pédagogique d'Amiens.
Le rôle et l'enjeu de l'éducation à l'environnement à l'Université de Lille 1. Présentation de la gestion différenciée des espaces verts du campus lors de la journée d'outillage scientifique des acteurs de l'éducation à l'environnement organisée le 22 novembre 2011 à Lille 1 par le Conservatoire botanique national de Bailleul. Par Nina HAUTEKEETE, Vice-présidente développement durable de l’Université de Lille 1.
Présenation du Jardin des plantes sauvages, véritable musée vivant, à ciel ouvert, de la biodiversité floristique régionale, lors de la journée d'outillage scientifique des acteurs de l'éducation à l'environnement organisée le 22 novembre 2011 à Lille 1 par le Conservatoire botanique national de Bailleul. Par Thibault Pauwels, éducateur nature, Conservatoire botanique national de Bailleul.
Technologies et Pédagogies : c'est quand qu'on va où ? Compétences et disposi...Marcel Lebrun
Une conférence donnée par Marcel Lebrun (UCL) dans le cadre de le journée "Learning With Apple" au Cercle de Wallonie le 23 novembre 2010. Technologies & Pédagogies : une question de compétences, de dispositifs et ... d'outils !
Présentation des principes de la conservation de la biodiversité pour permettre une écocitoyenneté pertinente à ses groupes d'écocitoyens lors de la journée d'outillage scientifique des acteurs de l'éducation à l'environnement organisée le 22 novembre 2011 à Lille 1 par le Conservatoire botanique national de Bailleul. Comment protège-t-on les espèces sauvages locales ?
Un outil pour connaitre et enseigner : le catalogue floristique. Par Doriane LENNE, chargée de mission référente formation et écocitoyenneté, Conservatoire botanique natiional de Bailleul.
Pour des activités d’éducation en faveur de la nature, faites connaître les espèces exotiques envahissantes. Présentation des espèces exotiques envahissantes dans le cadre des activités d’éducation en faveur de la nature lors de la journée d'outillage scientifique des acteurs de l'éducation à l'environnement organisée le 22 novembre 2011 à Lille 1 par le Conservatoire botanique national de Bailleul. Par Aymeric WATTERLOT, Chargé de mission scientifique de l’Antenne Picardie du CBNBl.
Steel Is Crucial to The Development of Any Modern Economy and It Is Considered the Backbone of Human Civilization India’s steel production grew 4.5% to its highest ever level of 106.5 million tonnes in FY18. JSW Steel, the flagship company of the JSW Group is one of India’s leading steel players with integrated steel manufacturing facilities. JSW Steel Prospects to increase the size of its steel-making operations at a faster rate through both organic and inorganic routes. Currently, JSW Steel in the midst of ramping up their operations further through the implementation of brownfield expansion projects. JSW Steel’s lower capital expenditure per tonnes leads to higher return profile. A lower gestation period and capex to set up a new facility lead to a higher return on capital and equity for JSW Steel. Analyze 10-year data of Indian steel Industry concerning Jsw steel. JSW Steel Net Sales and Profit growth Are positive & exponential in the last 10 Years From 2009-2018 With the help of Different Marketing Strategies digital marketing and Rural marketing. The franchise-based authorized retail format (Jsw Shoppe) create a sustainable differentiator for JSW Steel's exclusive value-added products and service offerings. Digital Marketing Through LinkedIn, Facebook and other Social Media to Interacting with Customer. Jsw Shoppe Is beneficial for not only Urban Market but for Rural Market Too. Jsw Steel Jsw Shoppe Case study use for Harvard case study of retail marketing. JSW Steel is also among the fastest-growing companies in India with 18.91% net sales of steel and 15% profit margin which is highest amongst steel industry competitors. JSW Steel has plans to increase its manufacturing capacity to 44-45 million tons per annum by 2030 from the present 19 million tonnes.
Jsw Steel Growth is tremendous and after 10 years the world will be recognized.
Challenges & future scenario of steel industry 1GS Dhir
Power point copy of Presentation made by me on "Challenges & Future Scenario of Steel "Industry in Reliance General Insurance (RGICL's) National Conference on "Latest Trends & Practices in Steel Sector" held at Mumbai on 17-18 Jan 2014
It is a case study on SAIL i.e. Steel Authority of India Ltd. It is a history of financial statement for the year 2014 and 2015.
It also consist of comparision in 2014 and 2015.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
1. Executive Summary:-
Nowadays its very important for organizations to achieve corporate excellence.Every business concern
irrespective of its size,nature needs funds to manage the business operations.Every business has to do day
to day expenses like purchase of raw material ,payment of wages ,working capital becomes an important
part of business.Working capital is the life blood of business because no business can undertake its day to
day operations without an adequate amount of working capital.
Effectiveness of an organization depends on the strength of its working capital management.Working
capital management is the core to whole system.Working capital management of India`s steel industry
holds a greater importance because steel forms the backbone of any infrastructural facility and in recent
years has become more crucial for achieving rapid economic growth of the country.In this term paper
attempt is made to examine the working capital practices in SAILwith special refrence to Durgapur steel
plant.The term contains the basics of working capital,procedures for analysis of working capital,ratios used
to define the working capital and the impact of shortcomings in the management.
OBJECTIVES:-
To find out the efficiency of working capital management in
To have knowledge about functioning of a large PSO steel plant.
To study how working capital management practices plays an important role in supporting other activities
of an integrated steel plant.
To gain familiarity with various components of working capital in steel authority of india.
To have solution for improvement of working capital management at Durgapur steel plant.
METHODOLOGY:-
I had used secondary data like:-
Annual reports
Cost and Budget reports
Production reports
Inventory reports
Sales reports
Cash reports
In this term term paper following steel plants of SAIL have been considered:-
Durgapur steel plant
Bhilai steel plant
Rourkela steel plant.
Bokaro steel plant
This study will help to find the efficiency of Working capital management practices in these plants and
especially in Durgapur steel plant.Working capital of the four plants have been calculated and trend of
working capital in past four years have been ascertained.Data of four consecutive years starting from year
2004-05 have been taken.
INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY:-
2. Steel is an important indicator to analyze the economic development of a country. The steel industry is
highly scientific and technology oriented. Technological advancement is very important for the overall
health of the steel industry.
During Ancient Period
The history of iron and steel making in India goes back by several centuries. It dates to 480 BC when
archers in India used arrows tipped with steel. The iron pillar of Dhar near Indore in Madhya Pradesh dates
back to about 321 AD, the iron pillar of Kutab Minar near Delhi dates back to about 400 AD and the iron
beams of Sun temple of Konark in Orissa dates back to 13th century. These pillars are a testimony to
ancient India's expertise in the making of steel.
Before Independence
The roots of the Indian Steel industry in modern times can be traced to the year 1874, when a company
called Bengal Iron works at Kulti near Asansol in West Bengal produced iron. One of the most important
landmarks in the history of Indian steel industry was the commencement of the Tata Iron and Steel
Company at Jamshedpur in the state of Bihar in 1907.The other prominent steel manufacturers before
independence were Indian Iron and Steel Company (1922),Mysore Iron and Steel Works(1923) and Steel
Corporation of Bengal (1937).
After Independence
India found it difficult to sustain development in steel sector after independence on its own due to the lack
of technological development. The high cost of developing technology in this sector proved to be a major
hindrance. That's when the government decided to go for synergy with other countries for technology
transfer. Some of the prominent steel plant set up then was in Rourkela in collaboration with West
Germany and in Bokaro in collaboration with Russia. These steel plants came under the purview of public
sector enterprises.
Post Liberalization
The post liberalization scenario in the Indian Steel industry has witnessed a monumental shift. Some of the
salient features are:
The need for license for increasing capacity has been abolished.
Steel industry has been removed from the list of Industries under the control of state sector.
Foreign equity investment in steel has gone up to 74%.
In January 1992 the price and distribution controls were removed.
Policies like convertibility of rupee on trade account, freedom to mobilize resources from overseas
financial markets and restructuring of existing tax structure have immensely benefited the industry.
Milestone
The Indian steel industry has come a long way since its humble beginnings. The takeover of the British
steel giant Corus steel by Tata Steel and the acquisition of Arcelor by Mittal Steel herald a new beginning
for the Indian steel industry. These events signify the fact that the Indian steel industry has acquired a
global identity and is today extremely competitive globally.
Some of the prominent steel producers today are Posco, Tata Steel, Essar, Ispat, Sail and Rinl.
3. Future trends
It has to be said that the global recession has affected the Indian steel industry especially stainless steel, but
the steel industry is trying to offset the negative effect of the recession by focusing on transportation and
construction projects which are usually funded by the government.
India is the only country globally to record a positive overall growth in crude steel production at 1.01 per
cent for the period January -March 2009.
It is estimated that India's steel consumption will grow at nearly 16% annually till 2012.
The National Steel Policy has forecasted the demand for steel would reach 110 million tons by 2019-2020.
OVERVIEW OF STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA LTD:-
SAIL was established as a holding co. at New Delhi on 24-1-1973 with authorized share capital of Rs.2000
crores.This holding co.was formed with four public sector steel plants.It was converted into unitary co.in
1978 and is now responsible for the management of five integrated steel plants at
Bhilai,Bokaro,Durgapur,Burnpur and Rourkela.
Steel Authority of India limited is one of the leading steel manufacturing companies in India.It produces
both basic and special steel for domestic consumption,engineering power,railway,automotive and Defence
industries and for sale in export market.It was ranked in top ten public sector companies in terms of
turnover.SAIL has a well equipped Research and development for Iron and steel at Ranchi which helps to
produce quality steel and develop new technologies for the steel industry.SAIL`s consultancy divison at
New Delhi offers services and consultancy to clients world-wide.
Vision of SAIL:-
The vision of SAIL is to achieve market leadership and prosper in business through satisfaction of
customer needs by continual improvement in quality,cost,delivery of products and services.
Objectives of SAIL:-
To help in rapid economic growth and industrialization of the country.
To promote balanced regional development.
To create the necessary infrastructure for economic development.
To generate different employment avenues in the country.
To assist the development of small scale and ancillary industries.
DURGAPUR STEEL PLANT :-
In 1955 the Colombo plan mission headed by Sir Geric Coates visited India and selected Durgapur for
setting up integrated steel plant,to be build with british collaboration.It was set up in late 50`s with an intial
annual capacity of one million tones of ingot steel,which was subsequently expanded to 1.6 million tones
per year.Durgapur steel plant was incorporated into SAIL on 1-May-1978.It produced its first steel ingot
on 25-April-1960.It was highly desirable location because:-
Proximity to nearby coal mines.
Grand trunk road.
]Railway lines connecting Calcutta and New Delhi.
Calcutta port.
Power from Damodar valley corporation.
4. Water from Durgapur Barrage.
Products of Durgapur steel plant :-
Wheels,Axle and wheel sets.
Skelps and strips.
Blooms,Billets and Slabs.
Plain rounds and TMT Bars.
Angles,Channels and Joists.
Billets.
Pig Iron.
WORKING CAPITAL MGT.-
AN OVERVIEW:-
Introduction:-
Working capital means the investment in assets which facilitates the working of the organization.It is the
amount required for day to day expenses.To run business successfully every concern should have adequate
working capital.
Working capital management is the process of planning and controlling the level and mix of the current
assets of the firm as well as financing these assets.Working capital should be managed in such a way that it
ensure higher profitability and proper liquidity to the business concern.
Concepts of W.C:-
1. Balance sheet concept/Traditional concept.
2. Operating cycle concept.
Balance sheet concept/Traditional concept:-
It shows the position of the firm at a certain point of time.There are two types of working capital i.e Gross
working capital and Net working capital.
Gross working capital: - It refers to firm`s investment in current asset.The sum of the current asset is the
working capital of the businesss.
Net working capital:-It is the difference between current asset and current liabilities or excess of total
current asset over total current liabilities.
Operating cycle concept:-
The duration or time required to complete the sequence of events right from the purchase of raw materials
for cash to the realization of sales in cash is called operating cycle.It includes conversion of cash into
inventory,conversion of inventory into receivables and collection of receivables.
5. Types of working capital:-
1. Fixed/Permanent working capital:-
Permanent working capital represents the min. level of raw material,work in progress,finished goods and
stores,accounts receivables and cash which are in circulation to ensure continuity of production.
2. Variable/Temporary working capital:-
This capital is needed according to situation.To meet the growing demands of busy season business need
additional working capital.This capital is used to feed the operating cycle in busy periods.It is of two types
like seasonal working capital and special working capital.
Determinants of working capital:-
Nature of business.
Size of business.
Operating cycle.
Production cycle.
Seasonal variations.
Inflation.
Govt. Policies.
Dividend policy.
Working capital ratios:-
1. Current ratio = current assets
2. Acid test ratio = Liquid assets
3. Working capital ratio = Sales
4. Stock turnover ratio = Sales
5. Current assets turnover ratio=Sales
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF W.C:-
Inventory in SAIL composed of:-
Raw material.
Stores and spares.
Finished and semi finished products.
SHORTCOMINGS AND CONCLUSION:-
1. The company has an effective short term liquidity position and it should focus more in future to improve
this.
2. Due to holding of idle cash the profitability of plant is effected.
3. Durgapur steel plant follows a good credit policy of debtors but a risk of bad debts is always present in
high debtors.
4. Uneven trend in holding of raw material is a problem in Durgapur steel plant and this is affecting the
liquidity position of plant.
6. 5. Durgapur steel plant had increased its loans and advances this depicts that plant is engaged in
modernization of machinery.
6. Working capital ratio is low in Durgapur steel plant and steps should be taken to increase this in future.
7. The management of the plant is successful in timely recovery of acured interest from concerned parties.
8. The holding period of finished and semi finished product in Durgapur steel plant has increased over the
four years though the turnover has grown up .This kind of situation can cause a major impact on liquidity
of the company.
RECOMMENDATIONS:-
1. Durgapur steel plant should follow JIT (Just in time) technique of manufacturing.This will help in
minimizing blockage of funds.
2. The company should search for more source of raw material as it will reduce the cost of production and
improves profitability.
3. The management of plant should incorporate on TQM (Total quality management).
4. The company should review its credit policy at frequent intervals as it helps in reducing debtors and money
can be used for other investment plans.
5. Durgapur steel plant should try to fix a standard in respect of holding period of raw materials.
6. Durgapur steel plant should try to invest the excess cash balance after keeping the required amount
because holding of cash as idle is unproductive for the plant.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:-
www.sail.co.in
Annual statistics -Steel Authority of India.
Financial report-Steel Authority of India(2004-05,2005-06,2006-07,2007-08)
Financial management by M.Y.Khan and P.K. Jain.