Biology 1406 Chapter 2 Worksheet - exam 1 chapter 2. By Sydney Oberheiden of Dallas TX. https://www.pinterest.com/nycsydney/ and http://sydneyoberheiden.blogspot.com/
A brief power point presentation designed to help introduce high school chemistry students to reading the periodic table and extracting information such as the number of valence electrons an element has, etc.
Chapter 2 Lecture Participation Assignment
5
points
To complete this assignment, you can either print out this worksheet and fill in your answers or you can fill them in electronically in this word document. When you are done, you will upload your assignment to the ‘chapter 2 participation assignment’ folder found in D2L under assessments à assignments.
1. How many protons in
12C
,
13C,
14C,
12C
-
? In 16O
,
17O,
18O,?
2. How many electrons in
12C
,
13C,
14C,
12C
-
? In 16O
,
17O,
18O,?
3. How many neutrons in
12C
,
13C,
14C, 12C
-? In 16O
,
17O,
18O,?
4. What do all forms of the element carbon have in common (besides the C)? All forms of O?
5. How are the
isotopes
of carbon (
12C
,
13C,
14C)
different from each other? The isotopes of O(
16O
,
17O,
18O)
?
6. What determines the mass number (12, 13,14 or 16, 17, 18 ) in the different isotopes?
Part II: Atomic Structure and Bonding
Atoms do not exist all alone. Much of the time, atoms bond to other atoms to form molecules. These molecules can be very large (consisting of hundreds or thousands of atoms). For example, the major biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) are large molecules made up of many C, H, O, and N or P atoms bonded together.
How can we predict if an atom will form bonds with another atom?
Examine the model below.
Reactive (form bonds)
Not reactive
(first 7 columns)
(last column)
Critical Thinking Questions:
7. Based on the model, what is the maximum number of electrons that can be in the first electron shell?8. Based on the model, what is the maximum number that can be found in the 2nd shell? The 3rd?9. What do you notice about the outer shells of all the nonreactive atoms?10. Can you draw the electron distribution diagram for potassium (K)?
Part III: Types of Bonds
There are 3 major types of bonds:
ionic
,
covalent
, and
hydrogen bonds
. There are two types of covalent bonds: polar covalent and nonpolar covalent.
Model:
Ionic bond
: electrons are
transferred from one atom to another
in order to fill the atoms’ outer shells. The resulting ions are attracted to each other due to their opposite charges.
Covalent bond
: electrons are
shared by two atoms
in order to the fill atoms’ outer shells.
H2
O2
H20
1. In the ionic bond model, why does the sodium have a positive charge? 2. In the ionic bond model, why does the chlorine have a negative charge? 3. In the covalent bond model, why don’t any of the atoms have a charge?4. For each of the covalently bonded molecules, circle the shared electrons.5. Look at all of the bonds. If you c.
A brief power point presentation designed to help introduce high school chemistry students to reading the periodic table and extracting information such as the number of valence electrons an element has, etc.
Chapter 2 Lecture Participation Assignment
5
points
To complete this assignment, you can either print out this worksheet and fill in your answers or you can fill them in electronically in this word document. When you are done, you will upload your assignment to the ‘chapter 2 participation assignment’ folder found in D2L under assessments à assignments.
1. How many protons in
12C
,
13C,
14C,
12C
-
? In 16O
,
17O,
18O,?
2. How many electrons in
12C
,
13C,
14C,
12C
-
? In 16O
,
17O,
18O,?
3. How many neutrons in
12C
,
13C,
14C, 12C
-? In 16O
,
17O,
18O,?
4. What do all forms of the element carbon have in common (besides the C)? All forms of O?
5. How are the
isotopes
of carbon (
12C
,
13C,
14C)
different from each other? The isotopes of O(
16O
,
17O,
18O)
?
6. What determines the mass number (12, 13,14 or 16, 17, 18 ) in the different isotopes?
Part II: Atomic Structure and Bonding
Atoms do not exist all alone. Much of the time, atoms bond to other atoms to form molecules. These molecules can be very large (consisting of hundreds or thousands of atoms). For example, the major biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) are large molecules made up of many C, H, O, and N or P atoms bonded together.
How can we predict if an atom will form bonds with another atom?
Examine the model below.
Reactive (form bonds)
Not reactive
(first 7 columns)
(last column)
Critical Thinking Questions:
7. Based on the model, what is the maximum number of electrons that can be in the first electron shell?8. Based on the model, what is the maximum number that can be found in the 2nd shell? The 3rd?9. What do you notice about the outer shells of all the nonreactive atoms?10. Can you draw the electron distribution diagram for potassium (K)?
Part III: Types of Bonds
There are 3 major types of bonds:
ionic
,
covalent
, and
hydrogen bonds
. There are two types of covalent bonds: polar covalent and nonpolar covalent.
Model:
Ionic bond
: electrons are
transferred from one atom to another
in order to fill the atoms’ outer shells. The resulting ions are attracted to each other due to their opposite charges.
Covalent bond
: electrons are
shared by two atoms
in order to the fill atoms’ outer shells.
H2
O2
H20
1. In the ionic bond model, why does the sodium have a positive charge? 2. In the ionic bond model, why does the chlorine have a negative charge? 3. In the covalent bond model, why don’t any of the atoms have a charge?4. For each of the covalently bonded molecules, circle the shared electrons.5. Look at all of the bonds. If you c.
1. What types of bonding is illustrated in sharing of electr.pdfvikasbajajhissar
1. What types of bonding is illustrated in sharing of electrons?
a. Covalent bond
b.Polar covalent bond
c.Ionic bond
d.Hydrogen bond
e. a and b
2. What is the relationship between polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds?
a.There is no relationship between these two types of bonds
b.The formation of hydrogen bonds induces the formation of polar covalent bonds
c.The formation of polar covalent bonds creates the centers of partial positive and partial
negative charge that are required for the weak electrostatic interactions associated with hydrogen
bonds
d.Both types of bonds directly use pairs of shared electrons
e.Both types of bonds are based on electrostatic interactions.
3. What is the physical nature of the hydrogen bond?
a. There is a strong electrostatic attraction between a positive charge and a negative charge.
b. There is a weak electrostatic attraction between a positive charge and a negative charge.
c. Two electrons are equally shared in a bonding orbital between the oxygen and the hydrogen
atom.
d. Two electrons are unequally shared in a bonding orbital between the oxygen and the hydrogen
atom, such that a polar covalent bond is formed.
e. None of the above.
4. What type of bonding is illustrated when electrons are transferred?
a.Covalent
b.Polar covalent bond
c.Ionic bond
d.Hydrogen bond
e.None of the above
5. What common feature is shared by the sodium and chloride ions?
a.Both ions have unpaired electrons in their outermost energy levels.
b.Both ions have electrons in the third energy levels.
c.Both ions have eight electrons in their outermost energy levels.
d.Both ions have complete outermost energy levels, resulting in great stability.
e.Both c and d are correct
6. What type of bonding is illustrated when electrons are shared unequally?
a.Covalent bond
b.Polar covalent bond
c.Ionic bond
d.Hydrogen bond
e.None of the above
7. What feature of the bond between hydrogen and oxygen is most important in explaining how
water can act as a powerful solvent?
a.The electrons
b.The atomic nuclei
c.Ionic bonds
d.Covalent bonds
e.The unequal electron distribution that produces the partial positive andpartial negative charges
associated with the hydrogen bond
8. What type of bonding is illustrated when the oxygen of one water molecule bonds with the
hydrogen of another?
a.Covalent bond
b.Polar covalent bond
c.Ionic bond
d.Hydrogen bond
e.None of the above
9. An atom\'s orbital with one electron combines with another atom\'s orbital that also contains
one electron. What is produced?
a.A bonding orbital containing two electrons
b.A covalent bond
c.A molecule
d.A hydrogen bond
e.Responses a, b, and c
10. How many electrons are associated with a single covalent bond between two atoms?
a.Zero electrons
b.One electron
c.Two electrons
d.Four electrons
e.eight electrons
1. What types of bonding is illustrated in sharing of electrons?
a. Covalent bond
b.Polar covalent bond
c.Ionic bond
d.Hydrogen bond
e. a and b
2. What is the relationship between po.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
1. BIOL 1406, Spring 2020
EXAM 1: CHAPTER 2 (CHEMISTRY) REVIEW QUESTIONS
*If you can answer these questions, you are definitely ready for Ch 2’s part of Exam 1!
1. What does atomic number tell you?
2. What does atomic mass tell you?
3. Can the atomic mass for particular element change?
4. Can a particular element’s atomic number change?
5. You have two atoms. Atom A has an atomic number of 7 and an atomic mass of 14. Atom B has a an
atomic number of 7 and a mass of 16. What can we say these atoms are?
6. Isotopes of a particular element have a different number of _____________.
7. What’s the atomic number of an ion with 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and a charge of 2+?
8. The mass of Cl-37 is greater than the mass of Cl-35 because Cl-37 has a greater number of ____________.
9. Why can we call H20 a compound but not call O2 a compound?
10. What’s going on with the electrons involved in a covalent bond?
11. In what type of covalent bonding are electrons between two atoms shared equally?
12. In what type of covalent bonding are electrons between two atoms shared unequally?
13. What causes polar covalent bonding?
14. In a polar covalent bond, what kind of charge will the more electronegative atom end up having?
15. To form a water molecule, oxygen and hydrogen atoms share electrons. Oxygen is more electronegative
than Hydrogen. What kind of bond is this holding together atoms within a water molecule?
16. What kind of bonds attach water molecules to other water molecules?
17. What’s going on with the electrons involved in an ionic bond?
18. Typically, an atom has a net charge of zero because they have an equal number of protons and electrons to
balance out their charge. If an atom gains an electron, through bonding, will that ion become negatively
or positively charged?
19. The electron transfer in ionic bonding results in both atoms having a charge. What’s the name of a
positively charged ion? What about a negatively charged ion?
2. 20. How many electrons are being shared in a single covalent bond? What about in a double covalent bond?
21. What do atoms achieve by filling their valance shells?
22. When drawing electron orbitals (shell models), what’s the electron capacity for the first shell? (How many
dots will you put in the first circle?)
23. When drawing electron orbitals (shell models), what’s the electron capacity for the second and all
following shells?
24. Does an anion or cation have a charge of -1?
25. If an atom has a total of 9 electrons, is this atom more likely to become anion or cation with ionic bonding?
26. What’s it called when forward reactions and reverse reactions are going at the same rate?