This document discusses and compares large collective works from ancient Egypt and Central Asia. It describes the early monumental enclosures built at Abydos in Egypt, which preceded the pyramids, and estimates the labor required for their construction. Details are provided on pharaoh Djoser's complex at Saqqara, including reconstructed drawings. Labor estimates are also given for the Great Pyramids at Giza. In Central Asia, the document outlines early irrigation systems in Mesopotamia, showing a map of settlements and canals from the Early Dynastic and Akkadian periods. It includes a schematic of the irrigation system at Nippur from around 2000 BCE and a 1973 photo of annual canal cleaning in northern
World history fall semester final reviewJamie Luna
This document provides a review of topics covered in a World History fall semester final exam. It covers the Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages, the emergence of early civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and China. It then discusses ancient Greece and Rome, including the rise of democracy in Athens and oligarchy in Sparta. The document also summarizes the fall of Rome, the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, and Age of Exploration. Key events, innovations, and civilizations from each time period are highlighted at a high level to help with final exam preparation.
The foundations of all science and art were laid on the banks of the River Nile before Christ, according to the statement. The Nile River was vital for the development of ancient Egyptian civilization. It provided fertile land for farming and transportation routes, allowing Egypt to develop independent of outside influences. Key developments that emerged in ancient Egypt included mathematics, astronomy, architecture, art, medicine, and a writing system of hieroglyphs. Religion and the monarchy were tightly intertwined and helped organize society through construction projects, laws, taxation, and trade.
Ancient Egypt saw many advances in medicine due to the rise of its civilization along the Nile River. The fertile land along the Nile allowed for food surpluses and specialization of labor, leading to the development of new professions including physicians. Egyptian physicians gained knowledge of herbal remedies and began practicing surgeries, as documented in papyri like the Ebers Papyrus. However, religious beliefs also influenced medicine, and dissection of the human body was forbidden which limited anatomical understanding. Overall, Ancient Egypt established some of the earliest formal medical traditions and helped lay the foundations for later Greek and Roman medicine.
This document provides a timeline of major events in human history from the Big Bang 12 billion years ago to the 1st century CE. Some key events summarized are:
- 12 billion years ago - The Big Bang occurs, creating the universe.
- 4.5 billion years ago - Earth forms after being struck by a large planet, creating the moon.
- 195,000 years ago - Anatomically modern humans first appear in Africa.
- 30 CE - Jesus is arrested in Jerusalem and put to death, following the Last Supper with his apostles.
This document provides a chronology of ancient Egypt from prehistoric times through the New Kingdom period. It lists the major historical events, rulers, and dynasties in ancient Egypt in chronological order. Some key points include: the unification of Egypt under King Narmer around 3100 BC, the Old Kingdom and construction of the pyramids from around 2686-2181 BC, the collapse of central authority and civil war of the First Intermediate Period from 2181-2040 BC, the reunification and stability of the Middle Kingdom from 2040-1795 BC, the rule of the Hyksos and Second Intermediate Period from 1795-1550 BC, and the New Kingdom and Egyptian empire from 1550
This document provides information on early human history and the development of ancient river valley civilizations. It describes the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods and the transition to agriculture during the Neolithic Revolution. This allowed for permanent settlements and the rise of complex societies in major river valleys like Egypt and Mesopotamia. These early civilizations developed writing, social hierarchies, technology like irrigation, and advanced scientific knowledge in fields like mathematics, astronomy and medicine.
This document provides an overview of AP World History Period 1 content, including the peopling of Earth, Paleolithic and Neolithic societies, and early agricultural societies. Key topics covered include the migration of humans throughout the world during the Paleolithic era, the Neolithic Revolution and transition to agriculture, and the development of early civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, India, and elsewhere between 10000-3000 BCE. Comparisons are drawn between Paleolithic hunter-gatherer and Neolithic agricultural lifestyles, and technological advances that occurred during this time, such as pottery, plows, woven textiles, and metallurgy.
This document discusses archaeological sites in Central and South Asia, including Shahdad in southeastern Iran. It provides maps showing the locations of sites, reconstructed river delta systems, estimated surface areas of archaeological sites, and remote sensing images of Shahdad. The document also presents models of early regional interaction spheres and trade routes between local groups in Central and South Asia between 3000-2000 BC.
World history fall semester final reviewJamie Luna
This document provides a review of topics covered in a World History fall semester final exam. It covers the Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages, the emergence of early civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and China. It then discusses ancient Greece and Rome, including the rise of democracy in Athens and oligarchy in Sparta. The document also summarizes the fall of Rome, the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, and Age of Exploration. Key events, innovations, and civilizations from each time period are highlighted at a high level to help with final exam preparation.
The foundations of all science and art were laid on the banks of the River Nile before Christ, according to the statement. The Nile River was vital for the development of ancient Egyptian civilization. It provided fertile land for farming and transportation routes, allowing Egypt to develop independent of outside influences. Key developments that emerged in ancient Egypt included mathematics, astronomy, architecture, art, medicine, and a writing system of hieroglyphs. Religion and the monarchy were tightly intertwined and helped organize society through construction projects, laws, taxation, and trade.
Ancient Egypt saw many advances in medicine due to the rise of its civilization along the Nile River. The fertile land along the Nile allowed for food surpluses and specialization of labor, leading to the development of new professions including physicians. Egyptian physicians gained knowledge of herbal remedies and began practicing surgeries, as documented in papyri like the Ebers Papyrus. However, religious beliefs also influenced medicine, and dissection of the human body was forbidden which limited anatomical understanding. Overall, Ancient Egypt established some of the earliest formal medical traditions and helped lay the foundations for later Greek and Roman medicine.
This document provides a timeline of major events in human history from the Big Bang 12 billion years ago to the 1st century CE. Some key events summarized are:
- 12 billion years ago - The Big Bang occurs, creating the universe.
- 4.5 billion years ago - Earth forms after being struck by a large planet, creating the moon.
- 195,000 years ago - Anatomically modern humans first appear in Africa.
- 30 CE - Jesus is arrested in Jerusalem and put to death, following the Last Supper with his apostles.
This document provides a chronology of ancient Egypt from prehistoric times through the New Kingdom period. It lists the major historical events, rulers, and dynasties in ancient Egypt in chronological order. Some key points include: the unification of Egypt under King Narmer around 3100 BC, the Old Kingdom and construction of the pyramids from around 2686-2181 BC, the collapse of central authority and civil war of the First Intermediate Period from 2181-2040 BC, the reunification and stability of the Middle Kingdom from 2040-1795 BC, the rule of the Hyksos and Second Intermediate Period from 1795-1550 BC, and the New Kingdom and Egyptian empire from 1550
This document provides information on early human history and the development of ancient river valley civilizations. It describes the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods and the transition to agriculture during the Neolithic Revolution. This allowed for permanent settlements and the rise of complex societies in major river valleys like Egypt and Mesopotamia. These early civilizations developed writing, social hierarchies, technology like irrigation, and advanced scientific knowledge in fields like mathematics, astronomy and medicine.
This document provides an overview of AP World History Period 1 content, including the peopling of Earth, Paleolithic and Neolithic societies, and early agricultural societies. Key topics covered include the migration of humans throughout the world during the Paleolithic era, the Neolithic Revolution and transition to agriculture, and the development of early civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, India, and elsewhere between 10000-3000 BCE. Comparisons are drawn between Paleolithic hunter-gatherer and Neolithic agricultural lifestyles, and technological advances that occurred during this time, such as pottery, plows, woven textiles, and metallurgy.
This document discusses archaeological sites in Central and South Asia, including Shahdad in southeastern Iran. It provides maps showing the locations of sites, reconstructed river delta systems, estimated surface areas of archaeological sites, and remote sensing images of Shahdad. The document also presents models of early regional interaction spheres and trade routes between local groups in Central and South Asia between 3000-2000 BC.
This document summarizes the analysis of an ancient chlorite container and its cosmetic contents found at the Shahdad archaeological site in Iran, dating to the mid-late 4th millennium BCE. Chemical analysis revealed the container held a white cosmetic substance made primarily of lead carbonate (cerussite). Trace organic analysis found possible binders like oils or wax, and remnants of aromatic plant compounds. The cosmetic was likely used as a white face paint or foundation, and represents one of the earliest uses of artificial lead pigments for cosmetics in the ancient Near East.
Historical evolution of the built environments in the iranian sistan basinDavood Navabiasl
The document discusses the historical evolution of built environments in the Iranian Sistan Basin. It focuses on how environmental factors like wind, rivers, and lakes have impacted the emergence, development, and collapse of civilizations in the region over time. Specifically, it examines the ancient architecture at sites like Shahr-i-Sokhta, Kuh-i-khaje, and the Windmills of Ghale Machi, as well as how the same environmental factors influenced the formation of the modern city of Zabol. The overall aim is to better understand how the environment has shaped architecture in the Sistan Basin throughout history.
The document summarizes archaeological excavations conducted along the proposed Sinaw-Muhut-Duqm road in northern Oman between January and April 2014. The excavations focused on six sectors along the Sinaw-Barzman segment of the road and uncovered several Late Iron Age graves containing human and camel remains. One notable discovery was a Late Iron Age desert warrior buried in Grave 58 at Sinaw-1, which contained an iron sword and possible leather remains of a boot.
SHAHDAD, SHAHR-I SOKHTA, TEPE YAHYA……. MANY SITES FOR A SINGLE HISTORY ?Tommaso Saccone
SHAHDAD AND THE BRONZE AGE IN SOUTHEAST IRAN
A Workshop commemorating Prof. Ali Hakemi’s Work at
Shahdad and 40 Years of Excavations in Southeast Iran
Cambridge, 15-16 July 2011 (Maurizio Tosi)
TRA VECCHI DRIVER E I NUOVI PARADIGMI DI CONSUMO DELLA SHARING ECONOMYMartina Vazzoler
Il focus analizza i driver di partenza della nuova “economia di condivisione” attraversando i fondamenti del movimento del Cluetrain. Da qui si passa a verificare perché da questi presupposti si è delineato il Marketing 3.0 di Philip Kotler. Case history di successo e proiezione dei nuovi mercati di conversazione, all'insegna del mito di Prometeo.
Rivoluzione digitale e medicina narrativa - Cristina Cenci, 24 maggio 2016 #s...Eugenio Santoro
Intervento di Cristina Cenci al convegno Comunicare e promuovere la Salute ai Tempi dei Social Media #salutesocial, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24 maggio 2016 http://www.marionegri.it/it_IT/home/archivio_news_focus/archivio_news/News_2016/Comunicare+e+promuovere+la+salute+ai+tempi+dei+social+media/135852,News.html
Prendere decisioni a volte non è facile. Prenderle insieme ad altri lo è ancora meno. Il metodo del consenso permette di decidere nei gruppi ed è utile anche nella normale vita di relazione: in famiglia, con gli amici, con i colleghi. Le decisioni prese saranno inclusive e rispettose delle opinioni di tutti. C’è da imparare! Conoscere il metodo del consenso…è meglio!
This document discusses global trends in open innovation. It defines open innovation as using external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, to advance internal innovation and expand markets. The document outlines best practices companies use in open innovation, including Philips' high tech campus partnership network. It also discusses how companies are using web 2.0 tools like IdeaStorm, Innocentive, and Threadless to engage customers in innovation.
The document discusses open innovation and dynamic capabilities for industry growth. It argues that open innovation means valuable ideas can come from inside or outside a company. Dynamic capabilities refer to a company's ability to integrate, build and reconfigure resources to address changing environments. The document also discusses the importance of developing a portfolio of capabilities including operational, technological, open and dynamic capabilities. It emphasizes that business models mediate between technical and economic domains and must be innovated to drive growth.
The latest LUMA Display Ad Tech Landscape is a living document. While it is impossible to categorize companies across an industry into discrete categories, this is at least an attempt to organize the landscape. If you have constructive suggestions, please email them to me at tkawaja@lumapartners.com.
This document summarizes key concepts from the works of several scholars related to social evolution. It discusses hunter-gatherer divisions of labor by gender, age, season and task specialization. It also outlines Gordon Childe's definitions of savagery, barbarism and civilization. Several case studies of major collective works from different time periods and regions are presented, including raised fields, water management systems, fortifications and structures like nuraghi and pyramids. The level of labor coordination and estimated workforce required for various projects is also examined.
Enjoy this and Also I have a YOUTUBE Channel.. Name - (MRB Movieclips ) Please SUBSCRIBE that too....(Kind Request)
😔 link _https://www.youtube.com/@MrbMovieclips5755/featured
The document provides an overview of the functions and origins of art in early human societies. It discusses how the earliest art from places like Blombos Cave in South Africa dated to 77,000 years ago served decorative purposes like shell beads. Ritual and ceremonial art is seen in the cave paintings of Altamira Cave from 35,000 years ago. The document then focuses on the art of Mesopotamian cultures like the Sumerians starting around 8500 BCE as agriculture arose, enabling larger populations and surplus food leading to stratified societies, trade, writing, and large building projects by elites like the Ziggurat of Ur to demonstrate power and prestige.
History of Nature 3a Voyages of Discovery.pdfJohn Wilkins
The document discusses the history of voyages of discovery from the 15th to 19th centuries. It describes how these voyages led to the rise of global trade in spices, the Columbian Exchange of plants, animals and diseases between the Old World and New World, the development of colonialism and the transatlantic slave trade. Key figures discussed include Darwin, Wallace and Merian, whose voyages contributed to the development of biology, ecology and the theory of evolution through natural selection.
This document summarizes the analysis of an ancient chlorite container and its cosmetic contents found at the Shahdad archaeological site in Iran, dating to the mid-late 4th millennium BCE. Chemical analysis revealed the container held a white cosmetic substance made primarily of lead carbonate (cerussite). Trace organic analysis found possible binders like oils or wax, and remnants of aromatic plant compounds. The cosmetic was likely used as a white face paint or foundation, and represents one of the earliest uses of artificial lead pigments for cosmetics in the ancient Near East.
Historical evolution of the built environments in the iranian sistan basinDavood Navabiasl
The document discusses the historical evolution of built environments in the Iranian Sistan Basin. It focuses on how environmental factors like wind, rivers, and lakes have impacted the emergence, development, and collapse of civilizations in the region over time. Specifically, it examines the ancient architecture at sites like Shahr-i-Sokhta, Kuh-i-khaje, and the Windmills of Ghale Machi, as well as how the same environmental factors influenced the formation of the modern city of Zabol. The overall aim is to better understand how the environment has shaped architecture in the Sistan Basin throughout history.
The document summarizes archaeological excavations conducted along the proposed Sinaw-Muhut-Duqm road in northern Oman between January and April 2014. The excavations focused on six sectors along the Sinaw-Barzman segment of the road and uncovered several Late Iron Age graves containing human and camel remains. One notable discovery was a Late Iron Age desert warrior buried in Grave 58 at Sinaw-1, which contained an iron sword and possible leather remains of a boot.
SHAHDAD, SHAHR-I SOKHTA, TEPE YAHYA……. MANY SITES FOR A SINGLE HISTORY ?Tommaso Saccone
SHAHDAD AND THE BRONZE AGE IN SOUTHEAST IRAN
A Workshop commemorating Prof. Ali Hakemi’s Work at
Shahdad and 40 Years of Excavations in Southeast Iran
Cambridge, 15-16 July 2011 (Maurizio Tosi)
TRA VECCHI DRIVER E I NUOVI PARADIGMI DI CONSUMO DELLA SHARING ECONOMYMartina Vazzoler
Il focus analizza i driver di partenza della nuova “economia di condivisione” attraversando i fondamenti del movimento del Cluetrain. Da qui si passa a verificare perché da questi presupposti si è delineato il Marketing 3.0 di Philip Kotler. Case history di successo e proiezione dei nuovi mercati di conversazione, all'insegna del mito di Prometeo.
Rivoluzione digitale e medicina narrativa - Cristina Cenci, 24 maggio 2016 #s...Eugenio Santoro
Intervento di Cristina Cenci al convegno Comunicare e promuovere la Salute ai Tempi dei Social Media #salutesocial, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24 maggio 2016 http://www.marionegri.it/it_IT/home/archivio_news_focus/archivio_news/News_2016/Comunicare+e+promuovere+la+salute+ai+tempi+dei+social+media/135852,News.html
Prendere decisioni a volte non è facile. Prenderle insieme ad altri lo è ancora meno. Il metodo del consenso permette di decidere nei gruppi ed è utile anche nella normale vita di relazione: in famiglia, con gli amici, con i colleghi. Le decisioni prese saranno inclusive e rispettose delle opinioni di tutti. C’è da imparare! Conoscere il metodo del consenso…è meglio!
This document discusses global trends in open innovation. It defines open innovation as using external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, to advance internal innovation and expand markets. The document outlines best practices companies use in open innovation, including Philips' high tech campus partnership network. It also discusses how companies are using web 2.0 tools like IdeaStorm, Innocentive, and Threadless to engage customers in innovation.
The document discusses open innovation and dynamic capabilities for industry growth. It argues that open innovation means valuable ideas can come from inside or outside a company. Dynamic capabilities refer to a company's ability to integrate, build and reconfigure resources to address changing environments. The document also discusses the importance of developing a portfolio of capabilities including operational, technological, open and dynamic capabilities. It emphasizes that business models mediate between technical and economic domains and must be innovated to drive growth.
The latest LUMA Display Ad Tech Landscape is a living document. While it is impossible to categorize companies across an industry into discrete categories, this is at least an attempt to organize the landscape. If you have constructive suggestions, please email them to me at tkawaja@lumapartners.com.
This document summarizes key concepts from the works of several scholars related to social evolution. It discusses hunter-gatherer divisions of labor by gender, age, season and task specialization. It also outlines Gordon Childe's definitions of savagery, barbarism and civilization. Several case studies of major collective works from different time periods and regions are presented, including raised fields, water management systems, fortifications and structures like nuraghi and pyramids. The level of labor coordination and estimated workforce required for various projects is also examined.
Enjoy this and Also I have a YOUTUBE Channel.. Name - (MRB Movieclips ) Please SUBSCRIBE that too....(Kind Request)
😔 link _https://www.youtube.com/@MrbMovieclips5755/featured
The document provides an overview of the functions and origins of art in early human societies. It discusses how the earliest art from places like Blombos Cave in South Africa dated to 77,000 years ago served decorative purposes like shell beads. Ritual and ceremonial art is seen in the cave paintings of Altamira Cave from 35,000 years ago. The document then focuses on the art of Mesopotamian cultures like the Sumerians starting around 8500 BCE as agriculture arose, enabling larger populations and surplus food leading to stratified societies, trade, writing, and large building projects by elites like the Ziggurat of Ur to demonstrate power and prestige.
History of Nature 3a Voyages of Discovery.pdfJohn Wilkins
The document discusses the history of voyages of discovery from the 15th to 19th centuries. It describes how these voyages led to the rise of global trade in spices, the Columbian Exchange of plants, animals and diseases between the Old World and New World, the development of colonialism and the transatlantic slave trade. Key figures discussed include Darwin, Wallace and Merian, whose voyages contributed to the development of biology, ecology and the theory of evolution through natural selection.
Health And The Environment ( Marine Life ) EssayPaula Smith
1) The document discusses an oil spill that occurred off the coast of New Zealand in 2011 when a cargo ship, the MV Rena, ran aground and spilled oil and debris.
2) There were major environmental, economic, and social impacts from the spill. Efforts have been made to restore the affected marine environment.
3) A key issue is whether to leave the remaining wreck and debris or remove it. Leaving it could allow faster access but also pose risks, while removal could further damage the recovering area. The benefits and risks of each option are debated.
Here are the definitions of the terms:
Charter: A legal document that gives a city and its inhabitants (the bourgeoisie) the right to govern themselves independently. Charters made cities "free", meaning they were directly protected by the king and not part of a feudal fief.
- Big History aims to understand history as a whole by looking for common themes across time from the Big Bang to modern times using a multidisciplinary approach.
- The development of agriculture around 11,500 years ago allowed human populations to expand and civilizations to form with advanced technologies and large organized workforces.
- Geographic differences between continents influenced the uneven development of societies, with Eurasia developing key technologies like guns, steel, and horses before other regions due to its ecology.
Human settlements can be classified in several ways, including by population size, geographical distribution, physical form, functions, and time dimension. Key classifications include rural vs urban settlements, with urban defined as having a population over 50,000 and density over 1,000 per square mile. Settlements are also classified by their population sizes from small villages to large cities. Their physical forms can take geometric shapes like linear, rectangular, circular or star-like patterns. Classification is difficult to standardize due to wide diversity globally.
1001 Inventions Muslim Heritage in Our World.pdfccccccccdddddd
This document provides an introduction and overview of the book "1001 Inventions: Muslim Heritage in Our World". It discusses how the book came to be written to help fill a 1000 year gap in history textbooks regarding scientific and technological developments during the Islamic Golden Age. The introduction describes the book's goal of highlighting important Muslim contributions in fields like mathematics, astronomy, agriculture, medicine, architecture, and more that helped lay the foundations for modern science and technology. It expresses hope that the book will help inspire people of all faiths and provide a better understanding between cultures.
The document discusses vertical farming and its benefits of reducing environmental damage, transportation costs and emissions while ensuring a constant food supply. It questions if we are facing a food shortage and need to change our living habits and connections at global, national, urban and landscape scales from social, economic, political and environmental contexts. It also discusses indeterminacy in architecture, changes in communication, climate change impacts, population growth, deforestation and urban agriculture as ways to minimize land and resource use and teach self-sufficiency.
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This document contains lecture materials on AP World History for Period 1. It includes summaries of key topics like the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods, the Neolithic Revolution, early agricultural societies in Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and India, and the emergence of states and civilizations. There are also discussion questions, charts comparing various societies, and information on early religious traditions in places like India, the Hebrew region, and Persia.
The document discusses several topics related to prehistoric and ancient Egyptian civilization:
1) It summarizes the importance of studying humanities in architecture, explaining how it enriches understanding of history, culture, and societal development.
2) It describes prehistoric art and architecture, including cave paintings, carved figurines, and the earliest huts and shelters. Megalithic sites like Stonehenge are discussed.
3) Prehistoric dwelling structures like pit houses are explained with examples of different designs.
This document discusses history, science, and trade. It covers the origins of modern humans in Africa and their migration around the world. DNA evidence shows that all humans originated from Africa. The document also discusses a major catastrophe that occurred in the 6th century CE, cooling the planet and causing droughts, famines, and the spread of plague. Additionally, it notes that pre-Columbian maps and societies were often more advanced than previously believed, and extensive trade networks existed globally before European exploration.
- The transition from Paleolithic hunter-gatherer societies to Neolithic agricultural communities began around 8500 BC in the Fertile Crescent region near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
- Early Neolithic sites included Jericho, with walls dated to around 7000 BC, and Catalhoyuk, Ain Ghazal, and Gobekli Tepe, which exhibited innovations like pottery, weaving, and organized agriculture.
- Surplus food production led to population growth and more complex, stratified societies with specialized elites, cities, and states like ancient Sumeria with its cities of Uruk and Ur.
1001 Inventions The Enduring Legacy of Muslim Civilization.pdfccccccccdddddd
This document provides an introduction and summary of the book 1001 Inventions: The Enduring Legacy of Muslim Civilization. It discusses how the author, Salim Al-Hassani, became interested in the topic after realizing there was a 1000 year gap in scientific history that was not adequately explained. It led him to research the contributions of Muslim civilization during this period. This grew into the Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilization and the website MuslimHeritage.com. The initiative 1001 Inventions was then launched to help spread knowledge of the scientific achievements during this era to wider audiences. The introduction provides background on the motivation and story behind the creation of this book.
Anthropology emerged in Europe during the Era of Imperialism. Key figures in the early development of anthropology include Charles Darwin, who proposed the theory of evolution; Edward Tylor, who argued that all societies progressed through the same stages of cultural evolution; and Franz Boas, who rejected the idea that genetic differences explained cultural variation. Henry Otley Beyer is considered the Father of Philippine Anthropology and introduced the Migration Theory.
Essay About Traditional Food. The Relationship between Food and Culture Essay...bdg8266a
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1. Various innovations in technology and social organization allowed early complex civilizations to develop, including agriculture, irrigation systems, construction techniques, writing systems, and advanced medical practices. These innovations made societies more stable and productive.
2. Specific innovations discussed include bronze-casting in ancient China, which brought advances like horse-drawn chariots and new social hierarchies, and cuneiform writing invented by the Sumerians, which allowed record keeping and transmission of ideas.
3. Technologies like mummification in ancient Egypt played important social roles, while innovations like Hammurabi's Code systematized laws in ancient Mesopotamia. Overall, these advances supported more populous, organized societies.
The history of archaeology has evolved from early antiquarians collecting artifacts to a scientific discipline using modern techniques. Early archaeologists in the 18th-19th centuries established museums and opened archaeology to public interest. By the 1920s, archaeology emerged as a science using multidisciplinary approaches. Recent decades have seen refinements of excavation methods and theory alongside increasing contributions from natural sciences.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
4. Nel 1859, dopo oltre vent'anni di
elaborazione, uscì On the Origin of
Species by Means of Natural
Selection; seguiranno anni di
discussioni accanite e decise prese
di posizione, con una sostanziale
accettazione, nell'ambito scientifico,
dell'idea di evoluzione, mentre
maggiori resistenze incontrò il
concetto di "selezione naturale".
5. Darwin non si limitò a fornire
innumerevoli prove
dell'evoluzione come principio
coordinante della storia della
vita e a sviluppare la teoria della
selezione naturale, ma diede
contributi altrettanto importanti
con i concetti di evoluzione
ramificata, che implica la
discendenza da un'origine
comune di tutte le specie viventi,
e di evoluzione graduale,
contrapposta a quella a salti
(mutazionismo).
6. Morgan, Henry (1818-1881)
American scholar, ethnographer, archeologist and historian of primitive
society. Author of the book Ancient Society, published in London in 1877,
which was the inspiration for Engels' The Origins of the Family, appeared
seven years later.
7. Upon their skill in this direction, the whole question of
human
supremacy on the earth depended. Mankind are the only
beings who may be said to have gained an absolute control
over the production of food.... It is accordingly probable that
the great epochs of human progress have been identified,
more or less directly, with the enlargement of the
sources of subsistence .
[Morgan, op. cit., p. 19. -Ed.]
8. Savagery -- the period in which man's appropriation of products
in their natural state predominates; the products of human art are
chiefly instruments which assist this appropriation.
Barbarism -- the period during which man learns to breed
domestic animals and to practice agriculture, and acquires
methods of increasing the supply of natural products by human
activity.
Civilization -- the period in which man learns a more advanced
application of work to the products of nature, the period of industry
proper and of art.
17. OPERE DI VENCE GORDON CHILDE
1925-1958
1925 The Dawn of European Civilization
1928 The Most Ancient East: The Oriental Prelude of European Civilization
1929 The Danube in Prehistory
1930 The Bronze Age
1934 New Light on the Most Ancient East
1936 Man Makes Himself
1942 What Happened in History
1947 Prehistoric Communities of the British Isles
1951 Social Evolution
1956 Society and Knowledge
1956 Piecing together the Past
1958 The Prehistory of European Society
26. Abdul Rahman ibn Muħammad ibn Khaldūn al-Haḍramī
Al-Muqaddimah, 1377
Ibn Khaldun, born 1332 in Tunis and died
1406 in Cairo, was a thinker who grappled
with circumstances similar in important ways
to the social and political situation now
evolving in the West. He was superbly
qualified, with a vigorous unconventional
mind anda knowledge of politics and history
that came from descent from an ancient
family with distinguished political and
scholarly traditions, profound study, and a
varied life of public service and political
adventure as a courtier, jurist, and statesman
in Islamic centers from Spain to Damascus.
27. The most distinctive feature of his thought is his emphasis on group feeling
and solidarity which he calls "asabiyah" from an Arabic root referring
to paternal kinsmen. As its derivation suggests, asabiyah is found first
and foremost among blood relatives. Nonetheless, its real cause is not
blood but "social intercourse, friendly association, long familiarity,
and the companionship that results from ... sharing the ... Circumstances
of life and death." It is group feeling, Ibn Khaldun says, that makes possible
all great social achievements, fromreligious reforms to the founding
and defense of dynasties. Paradoxically, its necessity also ensures that
social achievements never last, because successputs an end to group
feeling by liberating desire and reducing the need for mutual
responsibility. If fragmentation is the rule and community an exception,
all human achievements become temporary deviations from chaos
30. DIVISIONS OF LABOR IN PREHISTORIC SOCIETIES
GENDER and AGE
HOUSEHOLD TEAMS LONG-RANGE TEAMS
SEASONS
WINTER SUMMER
TRANSITIONS
W S S W
PROTECTION
& SCOUTING
NOTE: Transitions indicate the periods when the group
moves between Winter and Summer quarters and
back. By camping in strategic locations many
collateral resources could be exploited during
the journey from decentralized ecological niches,
along different optional pathways. Target-oriented
survey works have made possible to detect these
smaller campsites in different parts of the world.
SMALL
HUNTING
& FISHING
COLLECTING
PLANTS
STOCKING
HONEY
FUEL
SMALLER ANIMALS
BIRDS
MOLLUSCS
INSECTS
REPTILES
CRUSTACEANS
TRAPPING
KEEPING
OF ANIMALS
&CUBS
BIG
HUNTING
TRANSFORMATIONS
& FOOD PROCESSING
BIG
FISHING
EXCHANGE
& TRADING
COLLECTING
OF DISTANT
RESOURCES
CAPTURE
OF ANIMALS
& CUBS
NOTE: Household Teams exploit the surroundings
of residential sites, moving in radical directions with
Daylight trips to collect a broad spectrum of resources to
meet standard food and fuel requirements. Within the site
they work continuously looking after all material needs of the
group,including the keeping of stocks and reserves.
NOTE: Long Range Teams exploit different environmental niches in
local and distant territories, including food resources from big game as
well as materials required for the making of tools, ornaments, rituals and
processing of foods (e.g. salt). Higher mobility implies their primary
involvement in scouting, exchanges and transport. Since their work is
far more discontinuous than the Household Teams, LRT have longer idle
periods in between that can be invested in political negotiations, ideological
elaborations ritual performances, and eventually new manufacturing activities.
53. ALLA COSTRUZIONE DEI NURAGHI NON SOPRINTENDEVA LO STATO E
FORSE NEMMENO UN’ORGANIZZAZIONE SUPRATRIBALE.
IL LAVORO ERA ORGANIZZATO ALL’INTERNO DELLA STESSA COMUNITA’
DEI RESIDENTI
GARY S. WEBSTER (2001) HA ELABORATO IL “LABOR INPUT” PER
L’INTERO PROCESSO DI REALIZZAZIONE, DALL’ESTRAZIONE DELLA
PIETRA ALLA COSTRUZIONE DI UNA STRUTTURA… SCEGLIENDO COME
ESEMPIO STANDARD UNA TORRE DI 3000 BLOCCHI IN PIETRA:
1. ESTRAZIONE 500 GIORNATE/UOMO
2. TRASPORTO 1100
3. MURATURA 1300
4. COSTRUZIONE 700
_____________________
TOTALE 3600 GIORNATE/UOMO
CON L’IMPIEGO DEL LAVORO IN ECCEDENZA (SURPLUS) E CON
TECNOLOGIE “PRIMITIVE”, UNA POPOLAZIONE DI 100-200 PERSONE
PUO’ SOSTENERE LA REALIZZAZIONE DELLA STRUTTURA IN POCHI
ANNI .
54. GIORNATE / UOMO
STIMA DEL LAVORO NECESSARIO
PER LA COSTRUZIONE DI UNA TORRE DI 3.000 BLOCCHI IN PIETRA
NELLE DIVERSE FASI DEL PROCESSO
TOTALE = 3.600 GIORNATE
ESTRAZIONE
TRASPORTO
PREPARAZIONE
BLOCCHI
COSTRUZIONE
55. ... ANCHE IL PIU’ GRANDE NURAGHE PUO’ ESERE STATO COSTRUITO
IN UN DECENNIO
GRAZIE ALL’ALLEANZA DI 15-20 NUCLEI FAMIGLIARI
59. Aree di diffusione ddeellllee ccuullttuurree nneeoolliittiicchhee
Miniere neolitiche (Gargano)
Grotte cultuali neolitiche
(Puglia centrale e costiera e Alto Salento)
Villaggi trincerati neolitici
( Tavoliere delle Puglie ) Cultura neolitica di Serra d’Alto
(Altopiano delle Murge e Puglia centrale)
Arte e ritualità
(Salento)
60.
61. Distribuzione ddeeii vviillllaaggggii ttrriinncceerraattii nneeoolliittiiccii
nneell TTaavvoolliieerree ddeellllee PPuugglliiee
Motta della
Regina
Masseria Schifata
S. Cecilia II Tressanti
Masseria Fuoco
Mappa della distribuzione dei villaggi
del Tavoliere in base ai principali corsi
d’acqua
Masseria Acquasalsa d’Angelone
62. Sezione del fossato
interno
Ricostruzione di capanna absidata
- Ceramica tipica del villaggio di Passo di Corvo
Statuina fittile
femminile
Passo di Corvo
68. EGITTO – IMPIEGO DI FORZA-LAVORO per i GRANDI RECINTI
(Considerati i volumi delle strutture)
Sebbene non siano noti l’altezza originale ed i dettagli architettonici di tutti i recinti, è
possibile fare una valutazione con una accettabile approssimazione, sulla base dei recinti
meglio conservati di Khasekhemwy ad Abidos e Hierakonpolis. L’impiego della forza
lavoro stimato è pari a 12,25 giornate uomo sulla base dei calcoli di Erasmus (1965, p. 292)
nella realizzazione di 1 mc di muratura ad Uxmal
72. EGITTO – IMPIEGO DI FORZA-LAVORO PER LE PIRAMIDI
2665-2645 BC
2579-2556 BC
2547-2521 BC
(Considerati i volumi delle strutture)
L’impiego della forza lavoro stimato è pari a 12,25 giornate uomo sulla base dei calcoli di
Erasmus (1965, p. 292) nella realizzazione di 1 mc di muratura ad Uxmal
80. Il Sistema d’Irrigazione nell’Oasi di Geoksyur
tra IV e III millennio BP
GEOKSYUR 1
Popolazione Stimata =
700 – 1500 abitanti
Superficie Agricola
Stimata = 50 – 80 Ha
(da G. N. Lisitsina, 1969)