The document summarizes the evolution of the World Wide Web through three generations: - Web 1.0 allowed one-way broadcasting of information from businesses to users through static HTML pages and was read-only. - Web 2.0 enabled two-way interaction and user-generated content through technologies like blogs, social media, and wikis, making it read-write. - Web 3.0, also called the Semantic Web, aims to allow machines to understand the meaning of information on the web through technologies like metadata, ontologies, and logic in order to generate personalized content for users.

1. Evolution Of WEB

2. 5.1 The Generations of Web
 The first generation of the Web enabled the users to
access a plethora of information, products, and
services by serving as a simple medium—a place for
businesses to broadcast their information to people.
 The early Web provided limited user interactions or
content contributions, and only allowed users to
search the information and read it.
 This generation of the Web was referred to as the
Web of Documents, Web 1.0, the Web of Cognition,
or the Read-only Web.
 An essential tool that enabled users to access the
Web was the search engine, which ensured
discovery of available information for the user.

3.  This second generation of the Web, which entailed
collective intelligence applications, was referred to as
the Web of people, the Web 2.0, the Web of
Communication, or the Read-Write Web.
 Thus, the first generation for the people
 Web transformed into a by the people, of the people,
and for the people Web.
 This generation of the Web is referred to as the Web
of Data, the Web 3.0, the Web of Cooperation, or the
Read-Write-Execute Web.

5. 5.2 Web 1.0
 The first generation of the Web, Web 1.0, was
introduced by Sir Tim Burners Lee in late 1990s, as a
technology-based solution for businesses to
broadcast their information to people.
 The web was mostly Static, with websites consisting
of simple HTML pages that Contained text, images,
and hyperlinks.
 These hypertext documents accessed via the
Internet. And websites publishing the information for
anyone at any time.
 It was one person or organization pushing content
out to many people via websites and e-mail
newsletters as a one-way communication.
 The core elements of Web 1.0 were HTTP, HTML,
and URL.
 This read-only Web was accessible using an

6. 5.3 Web 2.0 :
 The Web 2.0 also referred as Social Web or read-
write web is the era(2000–2010 and continues even
now) which facilitates interaction between web users
and sites which intern allows users to communicate
with other users.
 In this era every user can be a content producers
and content is distributed and shared between sites.
 Some of the famous Web 2.0 applications are
Facebook, Youtube, Flickr, Twitter etc.,
 The web technologies like HTML5, CSS3 and
Javascript frameworks like ReactJs, AngularJs,
VueJs etc., enables startups to innovate new ideas
which enables users to contribute more in this Social
Web.
 Web 2.0 is build around the users, producer just
need build a way to enable and engage them.

9. 5.3.1 Web 2.0 Technologies
5.3.1.1 Blogs or Blogging:
 A blog (a shortened version of “weblog”) is an online
journal or informational website displaying information in
reverse chronological order, with the latest posts appearing
first, at the top.
 It is a platform where a writer or a group of writers share
their views on an individual subject.
Basic terminology of blogging :
 The word blog is derived from the combination of the two
words, web and log. Blogs need frequent updates. Good
examples of this include a food blog sharing meal recipes
or a company writing about their industry news.
 Blogs generally consist of text and images and can appear
in a calendar type format.
 A blogger is someone who writes a blog.
 Permalink: A permalink is the permanent identifier to a
specific Weblog post or article.
 A blog-roll is a list of blogs and bloggers that any particular

10. Here are common features that a typical blog will
include:
 Header with the menu or navigation bar.
 Main content area with highlighted or latest blog
posts.
 Sidebar with social profiles, favorite content, or call-
to-action.
 Footer with relevant links like a disclaimer, privacy
policy, contact page, etc.
Some of the
popular blogging
resources are:
Wordpress, Blogger,
Technorati,
Problogger
(blogging for
beginners),
about.com,

11. 5.3.1.2 Social Networking Sites:
 Social networking sites represent a fundamental
shift from the content-oriented Web (where web
pages were usually about topics) to the person-
oriented Web (where web pages are about people).
 Basically, members create their own online profile
page with biographical data, pictures, likes, dislikes,
and any other information they choose to post.
 Users can communicate with each other via/through
text, voice, chat, instant message, videoconference,
and blogs.
 Ex: YouTube, Facebook,hi5,bebo,friendster.

13. 5.3.1.3 Podcasts :
 A Podcast is basically just an audio (or video) file
 Pod refers to a mobile playback device such as iPod or
any other mp3 player, and casting is derived from
broadcasting, hence podcasting is the distribution of
audio or video files over the Internet for playback on
devices.
 podcast is a series created by a host and then
published episode-by-episode online, where
subscribers can then download and listen to each
episode when it's released.
 Ex: Spotify is one of the biggest podcast listening
platforms on the planet.

14. 5.3.1.4 Wikis
 A Wiki is a website that allows its users to actively
collaborate and modify its content and structure
simply from a web browser. The collaborative
encyclopedia “Wikipedia” is the most popular
example of a wiki today.
 A single page in a wiki website is referred to as a
wiki page.
 The entire collection of wiki pages, which are usually
interconnected with hyperlinks, is “the wiki.”
 The following are the common platforms to create a
wiki: wikispace, pbwiki, and wetpaint .
 Some popular wikis are Wikipedia, wikiwikiweb,
memory alpha, wikivoyage, and susning.nu.

15. 5.3.1.5 Micro-blogging :
 Micro-blogging is the practice of posting small
pieces of digital content—which could be text,
pictures, links, short videos, or other media—on the
Internet. Micro-blogging enables users to write brief
messages and publish them.
 Micro-blogging is also known as “mobile social-
networking” or “themed Instant Messaging.”
 The most popular micro-blogging service today is
called Twitter.

16. 5.3.1.6 Social Bookmarking:
 Social bookmarking is the process of tagging a
website page with a browser-based tool so that you
can easily visit it again later.
 In a social bookmarking system, users save links to
websites that they want to remember and/or share.
 Several Popular social bookmarking sites include:
Del.icio.us, Digg, and Technorati.
5.3.1.7 E-portfolios :
 An E-portfolio is a digitized collection of artifacts
including demonstration and accomplishments that
represent an individual, group or institution.
Ex: An academic ePortfolio is a digital collection
created by a student of their course-related work,
like essays, posters, photographs, videos,
and artwork.

17. 5.4 Web 3.0 :
 The Web 3.0 also referred as Semantic Web or read-
write-execute is the era(2010 and above) which refers to
the future of web. In this era computers can interpret
information like humans via Artificial Intelligence and
Machine Learning. Which help to intelligently generate
and distribute useful content tailored to a particular need
of a user.
 What if computers can understand meaning behind
information
 What if they can learn “what we are interested in”
 Then they can help us find what we want
 It can recognise People, Place, Events, Companies,
Product, Movies etc.,
 It can understand the relationship between things
 Some of the examples of web 3.0 are Apple’s
Siri, Googles Cloud API, Wolfram Alpha.

18.  The obvious shifts are from the era of “Web of
Documents” to the “Web of People” to the “Web of
Data.”
5.4.1 Semantic Web Stack :
 “The Semantic Web provides a common framework that
allows data to be shared and reused across application,
enterprise, and community boundaries.
The architecture of the Semantic Web is described by
Semantic Web Stack.
 The core of Semantic Web Technologies includes four
components,
 firstly explicit metadata, which is machine-processable,
followed by ontologies that add meaning to make data
machine-understandable.
 Logic modules are then employed for an inference

19. The following diagram shows the architecture of
semantic web, which is often called semantic

20.  The bottom layers of the stack (in blue) indicate the
parts of the semantic web that have been
standardized.
 It is still unclear for the upper layers (not colored)
how to be implemented which are necessary to have
the full working semantic web.
 In the following sections, the main technologies of
the semantic web will be described.
 This includes: RDF, RDFS, OWL and SPARQL.
5.4.1.1 Metadata :Metadata captures part of the
meaning of data. This semantic metadata encodes
the meaning (semantics) of the content, which can
then be read and interpreted correctly by machines.
 XML: XML-based representations are more easily
process able by machines since they are more

21.  Resource Description Framework (RDF): A standard
issued by W3C, RDF is an XML application defined
by using a DTD(Document Type Definitions ), which
explicates relationships between documents
 These relationships can be represented as graphs.
This framework is based on a coalition of several
web-based protocols such as URI, HTTP, and XML.
 The framework carries the semantics, which means
the information expressed in RDF is machine
understandable..

22.  Resource Description Framework Schema (RDFS):
RDFS is RDF vocabulary description language. RDFS
allows for the definition of classes, properties, restrictions,
and hierarchies for further structuring of RDF resources.
 SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language (or simply
SPARQL): Pronounced as “Sparkle,” it is a query language
for RDF and RDFS databases that traverse the RDF graph
to fetch the output.
5.4.1.2 Ontologies :
 Ontologies are used to standardize concepts and the
relationships between them. Ontology is an explicit, formal
specification of shared conceptualization.
5.4.1.3 Logic and inference :
 Logic can be used to specify facts as well as rules; New
facts are derived from existing facts based on the inference
rules; Descriptive Logic is the type of logic that has been

23. 5.4.4 Software Agents
 Software agents make use of all the above
components, namely, explicit metadata, ontologies
and logical inferences to help us perform a user-
defined task.
5.5 Big Data: A Special Discussion :
 It is defined as high-volume, high velocity, and high-
variety information assets that demand cost-
effective, innovative forms of information processing
for enhanced insight and decision making.
 Big Data is used to refer to the collection of data sets
that are too large and complex to manage and
process by using traditional data processing
applications.
 Big Data is a trending set of techniques that demand
new ways of consolidation of the various methods to

24. Following are the types of Big Data that have been
identified across literature:
 Social Networks (human-sourced information): Human-
sourced information is now almost entirely digitized and
stored everywhere from personal computers to social
networks.
 Traditional Business systems (process-mediated data):
These processes record and monitor business events
of interest, such as registering a customer,
manufacturing a product, and taking an order.
 Internet of Things (machine-generated data): This type
of Big Data is derived from the phenomenal growth in
the number of sensors and machines used to measure
and record the events and situations in the physical
world. The output of these sensors is machine-
generated data, and from simple sensor records to
complex computer logs, it is well structured.