2. 1.Web Database
Web databases refers to databases that are
accessesd or manipulated via the world wide web.
It is a system for storing information that can be
accessesed via a website, web applications and
mobile applications.
Ex:
For Small – Scale system like personal blogs, web
databases are used to store information such as
blog posts,comments,and user information. This
information can be accessed and updated through
a web interface, allowing users to interact with the
blog and its content.
3. Categories of WEB Databases:
Web Database primarily fall into two board
categories. These categories differ in hoe they
represent, structure, and store data.
1. Relational Databases(SQL) :
Relational databases are structured and require
schemas to be defined before adding any data.
This means that the database must be designed
and structured before any data can be added.
Ex: Phone Book that stores data about customers,
such as phonenumbers,first and last name,city
and state.
Ex: MYSQL,posgreSQL,SQL Server and Oracle
Database.
2. Non – Relational databases ( NoSql): This type
of database is more flexible in terms of data
storage and doesn't require predefined Schema.
4. Structured Query language: Relational
Databases
A Relational Database is a type of Database that
organizes data into tables, and these tables are
linked or related to each other through unique
keys. This structure allows for complex quires and
data manipulation using a language called SQL
(structured query language) .
They are particularly useful for applications that
require complex queries and Data analysis, such
as e-commerce sites and financial systems.
SQL is the programming language that was
specially designed for manipulating data in
relational Databases.
It is widely used in various relational databases
including MYSQL,Sysbase<Oracle, and IBM
DM2.
5. MySQL: The most popular open source database,
excellent for CMS and blogs
Oracle: An object-relational DBMS (database
management system) written in C++. Oracle has also
released an Oracle NoSQL database
IBM DB2: A family of database server products from IBM
built to handle advanced “big data” analytics
Microsoft SQL Server: A Microsoft-developed DBMS for
enterprise-level databases that supports both SQL and
NoSQL architectures
Microsoft Azure: A cloud computing platform that
supports any operating system and lets you store,
compute, and scale data in one place
MariaDB: An enhanced, drop-in version of MySQL
PostgreSQL: An enterprise-level, object-relational DBMS
that uses procedural languages like Perl and Python, in
addition to SQL-level code
6. Role of SQL in Relational Databases
SQL is the programming language that was specially
designed for manipulating data in relational
Databases.
SQL Is the common language for all Relational
Databases.
1. Executing Quires : SQL can run quires to retrieve
specific data from the database.
Ex: SQL can run a query to fetch all records of a
customer who a made a purchase within the last
month.
2. Retrieving Data : SQL enables the extraction of
data from a database. It allows users to specify the
exact data they need , such as all entries from a
particular date.
3. Editing Data : SQL can modify the data in the
7. Features of relational Databases:
1. Structured Query language : It allows the users to
perform various operations as
inserting,querying,updating,and deleting data.
2. Schema: It defines the structure of how data is
organized including tables,fields,and relationships.
3. Data Consistency
4. Data Integrity
5. Normalization
8. NO SQL Databases: Non relational
Databases
A non relational database is also known as a No
SQL database is a type of database that does not
use tabular structure it is found in relational
databases. Instead , it uses a variety of data
models, such as key –value pairs, graph formats, or
wide column stores, to store data.
Non relational databases are particularly useful for
handling large volumes of structured, semi
structured, or un structured data.
Key – Value Model : The simplest form of NoSQL
database is the key value model. It store the data
as a collection of indexed key-value pairs, where
each key is associated with a value. The value can
be any type of data, such as string, number, or
object.
10. Column Store : This type of NoSQL Database stores
data in columns instead of rows.In a column store,
the first column might be a list of names, the second
a list of addresses.
Examples include HBase, BigTable, and
HyperTable.
Document Database: Follows the key-value concept
and adds more complexity. In a Document
Database, the value part of the Key-value pair is
stored as a Document. This documents can contain
complex data that includes key –value pairs, arrays.
This is a great option for storing, retrieving, and
managing data that is document-oriented but still
11. Graph Database: Composed of two elements—
nodes and edge Each node represents an entity (a
person, place, thing, category, or other piece of data)
and each edge represents a relationship how two
nodes are associated.
Examples include TigerGraph (formerly GraphSQL),
Neo4j, and DataStax.
Nodes: These are the instances of data that
represent objects which is to be tracked.
Edges: As we already know edges represent
relationships between nodes.
Properties: It represents information associated with
nodes.
12.
13. Understanding Popular Databases
The most commonly used databases, we explain a few
in the following sections. The discussion is limited to
understanding the most popular MySQL (relational),
MongoDB (non-relational), and Neo4j (non-relational).
MYSQL : MySQL is a popular open-source relational
database management system developed, distributed,
and supported by Oracle Corporation. It stores data in
tables and uses structured query language (SQL) for
database access.
In MySQL, the database schema is pre-defined based
on the requirements and set up rules to govern the
relationships between fields in your tables. It is a
popular choice for applications that require a traditional
relational database model such as e- commerce
14. MongoDB : It is an open source database developed by
MongoDB, Inc. It stores data in JSON-like documents
that can vary in structure.
Mongo DB stores data in collections, which consist of
documents.
Each document is a JSON –like object that can contain
nested fields and arrays. MongoDB is designed for high
Scalability and flexibility, and it is often used for content
management, e-commerce and
Real time analytics.
Neo 4j : Neo4j is a graph database management System
that is based on the property graph data model. Neo4j
stores data as nodes and relationships, which are
connected by edges. Each node represents an entity
and each relationship represents connection between
15. Advantages and disadvantages of Relational Databases
Advantages:
Structured and organized Data
Data integrity
Flexibility
Data Integrity
Support
Disadvantages:
Complexity
Cost
Performance
Scalability
Rigid Schema
16. Advantages and disadvantages of Non
Relational Databases
Advantages:
Scalability
Flexibility
Performance
Big Data
Replication and Distribution
Disadvantages :
Lack of Standardization
17. Difference B/w SQL (RD) and NoSQL (Non RD)
Feature SQL Databases No SQL Databases
Data organization Stored in a relational model as a
table with rows and columns.
Rows contain all of the
information about one specific
entry/entity and columns are all
the separate data points.
The term “NoSQL”
encompasses a host of
databases, each with
varied data storage
models. The primary ones
are: document, graph,
key-value, and columnar.
Schema and
flexibility
Each record conforms to the
fixed schema.
Schemas are dynamic.
Scalability Scaling is vertical. This implies
the more data, the bigger the
server, thus making it expensive.
Scaling is horizontal,
distributed across servers.
These servers are cost-
effective (cheap
commodity hardware or
cloud-based).
Data
manipulation
Specific language using Select,
Insert, and Update statements
(e.g., SELECT fields FROM table
WHERE).
Through object-oriented
APIs.
