This document discusses various topics related to human evolution, including:
1) Relative and absolute dating methods are used to date fossils, including radiometric dating which relies on the decay of radioactive isotopes.
2) Mass extinctions occurred throughout history, including one at the K-T boundary 66 million years ago likely caused by an asteroid impact.
3) Early hominins like Australopithecus gradually evolved and began walking upright between 3-5 million years ago, followed by species like Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo heidelbergensis.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
innovative thinking assignment , regarding recombinant Dna technology. it is about how to bring back extinct life back from the dead in this 21st century using new technologies at our disposal!
My first lecture on the second year Bio263 module on human evolution. An overview of human evolution and palaeoanthropology. Taxonomy and humanity's place in nature. Who is our closest living relative? Evidence from morphology and molecules.
See also Slidecast on YouTube
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28bLQIGRbWU
innovative thinking assignment , regarding recombinant Dna technology. it is about how to bring back extinct life back from the dead in this 21st century using new technologies at our disposal!
My first lecture on the second year Bio263 module on human evolution. An overview of human evolution and palaeoanthropology. Taxonomy and humanity's place in nature. Who is our closest living relative? Evidence from morphology and molecules.
See also Slidecast on YouTube
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28bLQIGRbWU
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATION FOR EDUCATORSV.docxroushhsiu
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATION FOR EDUCATORS
VOLUME 31 NO. 1 SPRING 2010
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE HUMAN?
A BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVE
by Alison S. Brooks
˜ ˜ ˜
“…it would be impossible to fix on any point when the term “man”
ought to be used……” (Darwin 1871: 230)
A
new permanent exhibit at the Smithsonian’s Na
tional Museum of Natural History asks the ques
tion “What does it mean to be human?” Before
there were any fossils to inform us about the roads taken
and not taken on our evolutionary journey, 18th and 19th
century scholars wrestled with the anatomical similarities
between humans and apes, especially, as Darwin noted,
the African apes. Many of the human distinctions these
early scholars cited were behavioral, including language,
tool-making and technology-dependence, culture, use of
fire, a sense of shame, burial of the dead, and a sense of
the sacred. Even today, our anatomy alone may not suf-
fice to define our genus Homo. Indeed in 1964 one of the
oldest members of our genus, Homo habilis, was defined
as Homo to a large extent on the basis of the tools found
in association with its bones; the evolutionary or generic
status of the bones themselves remains controversial. As
in the museum’s new exhibit, new approaches to under-
standing our past and defining our species emphasize the
role of changing human behavior and its relationship to
and possible role in changing our anatomy.
This paper offers a brief summary of key discover-
ies in the fossil record followed by a discussion of be-
havioral characteristics defining modern humans and their
emergence through time. This is followed by a descrip-
tion of the evidence documenting the development of
archaic, Neanderthal, and modern humans, tracing the
evolution of key behaviors from 600 kya to 40 kya (thou-
sands of years ago). Finally, the evidence for the role of
Africa in the gradual evolution of distinctly modern hu-
man behaviors is argued as the paper concludes.
The Fossil Record of Human Evolution
Charles Darwin in his 1871 book, The Descent of Man,
located the likely origination of humans in Africa due to
the geographic distribution and comparable anatomy of
the chimpanzee and gorilla. Other early scholars, how-
ever, thought that our two most distinctive anatomical
features, our large brains and our two-legged gait, had
evolved together and that these changes had happened in
Europe. In Darwin’s time, only a few fossils of Nean-
SPECIAL ISSUE ON HUMAN ORIGINSSPECIAL ISSUE ON HUMAN ORIGINSSPECIAL ISSUE ON HUMAN ORIGINSSPECIAL ISSUE ON HUMAN ORIGINSSPECIAL ISSUE ON HUMAN ORIGINS
What Does it Mean to be Human?What Does it Mean to be Human?What Does it Mean to be Human?What Does it Mean to be Human?What Does it Mean to be Human?
ANTHRONOTES®
Page 2
AnthroNotes Volume 31 No.1 Spring 2010
derthals, our closest extinct relatives, had been recovered
from European sites. The 1891 finding in Java of Pithecan-
thropus erectus (now Homo erectus), an ...
28 JANUARY 2011 VOL 331 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org 39.docxtamicawaysmith
28 JANUARY 2011 VOL 331 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org 392
NEWSFOCUS
New genomic data are settling an old
argument about how our species evolved
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FOR 27 YEARS, CHRIS STRINGER AND
Milford Wolpoff have been at odds about
where and how our species was born.
Stringer, a paleoanthropologist at the Nat-
ural History Museum in London, held that
modern humans came out of Africa, spread
around the world, and replaced, rather than
mated with, the archaic humans they met.
But Wolpoff, of the University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, argued that a single, worldwide
species of human, including archaic forms
outside of Africa, met, mingled and had
offspring, and so produced Homo sapiens.
The battle has been long and
bitter: When reviewing a man-
uscript in the 1980s, Wolpoff
scribbled “Stringer’s desper-
ate argument” under a chart;
in a 1996 book, Stringer wrote
that “attention to inconvenient
details has never been part of
the Wolpoff style.” At one tense
meeting, the pair presented
opposing views in rival sessions
on the same day—and Wolpoff
didn’t invite Stringer to the
meeting’s press conference. “It
was diff icult for a long time,”
recalls Stringer.
Then, in the past year, geneticists an-
nounced the nearly complete nuclear
genomes of two different archaic humans:
Neandertals, and their enigmatic eastern
cousins from southern Siberia. These data
provide a much higher resolution view of
our past, much as a new telescope allows
astronomers to see farther back in time
in the universe. When compared with the
genomes of living people, the ancient
genomes allow anthropologists to thor-
oughly test the competing models of human
origins for the fi rst time.
The DNA data suggest not one but
at least two instances of interbreeding
between archaic and modern humans, rais-
ing the question of whether H. sapiens at that
point was a distinct species (see sidebar,
p. 394). And so they appear to refute the com-
plete replacement aspect of the Out of Africa
model. “[Modern humans] are certainly com-
ing out of Africa, but we’re fi nding evidence
of low levels of admixture wherever you
look,” says evolutionary geneticist Michael
Hammer of the University of Arizona in Tuc-
son. Stringer admits: “The story has undoubt-
edly got a whole lot more complicated.”
But the genomic data don’t prove the
classic multiregionalism model correct
either. They suggest only a small amount
of interbreeding, presumably at the margins
where invading moderns met archaic groups
that were the worldwide descendants of
H. erectus, the human ancestor that left
Africa 1.8 million years ago. “I have lately
taken to talking about the best model as
replacement with hybridization, … [or]
‘leaky replacement,’ ” says paleogeneticist
Svante Pääbo of ...
Human evolution is the lengthy process of change by which people originated from apelike ancestors. Scientific evidence shows that the physical and behavioral traits shared by all people originated from apelike ancestors and evolved over a period of approximately six million years.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
8. Kenozoic Homo sapiens sapiens Occurence of Prosimii 53 Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo sapiens neanderthalensis Hominids ( Australopithecus ) 1,8 Occurence of Dryopithecus 5 Occurence of Hominoidea 25 Occurence of Anthropoidea 35 Tertiary recent Holocene 0,01 Pleistocene Quarternary CHARAKTERISTIC Time (mil.y.) PERIOD
9.
10. x x x x elephant x x x x cat x x x opossum x x x echidna x x x platypus placenta? livebearing? lay eggs? milk? hair?
13. Possible fylogenetic relationships of hominides I. Time (milions of years) Tertiary Quarternary 6 5 4 3 2 1 0,5 0 0,25 Homo sapiens sapiens Homo „sapiens“ neanderthalensis Homo erectus Homo habilis Australopithecus afarensis Ardipithecus ramidus Australopithecus. africanus Homo heidelbergensis
27. Possible fylogenetic relationships of hominides Time (milions of years) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0,5 0 0,25 Homo sapiens sapiens Homo „sapiens“ neanderthalensis Homo erectus Homo habilis Australopithecus afarensis Ardipithecus ramidus Australopithecus. africanus Homo heidelbergensis
![Dating of fossils ,[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)