Defoamers and emulsifiers are two types of chemical agents utilized in various industries. They can also be used as fertilizer dust control. Everything you need to know about defoamers and emulsifiers is right here.
This document gives a brief description on defoamer chemicals used in industry. Foaming is a problem in processing industry like, food, paper and pulp, paint and coating, printing, dyeing, oil drilling, boiler steam production, water treatment, waste management, etc.
Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. They are able to interact with both polar and nonpolar substances. Surfactants lower the surface tension of liquids and allow mixtures of normally immiscible substances, such as oil and water, to form stable emulsions. They are widely used in industries such as detergents, personal care products, food, drugs, and others due to properties like wetting, foaming, emulsification, and solubilization. Surfactants are classified based on the charge of the hydrophilic head group into anionic, cationic, nonionic, and zwitterionic types.
This document provides information on industrial preparation of demulsifiers. It discusses how demulsifiers are used to break emulsions and separate crude oil and water. It then describes the key steps in demulsifier preparation, including making intermediate products like resins and then condensing them with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide using a loop reactor process. Different types of demulsifiers are also classified and their functions explained.
This document discusses foaming and de-foaming agents used in textile processing. It defines foaming agents as materials that facilitate foam formation and provide stability, with examples like sodium lauryl sulfate. Foam is applied to textiles using high-speed rotors or coating methods. De-foaming agents destabilize foam through their surface-active properties, with examples being mineral oils, alkyl phosphates, and silicone or non-silicone emulsions. The document outlines the mechanisms and requirements for effective foaming and de-foaming in textile wet processing.
Aerosol , components for aerosol formulation by mariomakhter@yahoo.commariomS7
Aerosol are the products that depend on the power of a compressed or liquefied gas to expel the contents from the container. Aerosols are termed also pressurized package.
This document discusses adjuvants, which are substances added to herbicide sprays to increase their effectiveness. It defines adjuvants and explains their purpose is to aid herbicides. The document then provides a brief history of adjuvants and explains why they are needed. It categorizes types of adjuvants based on their properties and describes various activator adjuvants like surfactants, oils, and wetting agents. It also discusses spray modifiers and utility modifiers that affect herbicide delivery, application, and stability. In summary, the document outlines the types and functions of different adjuvants used to enhance herbicide performance and addresses their interactions with herbicides, environment, and application factors.
This document provides an overview of basic and advanced pesticide formulations, including water soluble pesticides, wettable powders, suspensions, emulsions, microemulsions, microencapsulated suspensions, and water dispersible granules. It describes the key characteristics of each formulation type and provides examples of specific pesticide products that use each formulation, highlighting advantages and disadvantages for different application scenarios.
This document gives a brief description on defoamer chemicals used in industry. Foaming is a problem in processing industry like, food, paper and pulp, paint and coating, printing, dyeing, oil drilling, boiler steam production, water treatment, waste management, etc.
Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. They are able to interact with both polar and nonpolar substances. Surfactants lower the surface tension of liquids and allow mixtures of normally immiscible substances, such as oil and water, to form stable emulsions. They are widely used in industries such as detergents, personal care products, food, drugs, and others due to properties like wetting, foaming, emulsification, and solubilization. Surfactants are classified based on the charge of the hydrophilic head group into anionic, cationic, nonionic, and zwitterionic types.
This document provides information on industrial preparation of demulsifiers. It discusses how demulsifiers are used to break emulsions and separate crude oil and water. It then describes the key steps in demulsifier preparation, including making intermediate products like resins and then condensing them with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide using a loop reactor process. Different types of demulsifiers are also classified and their functions explained.
This document discusses foaming and de-foaming agents used in textile processing. It defines foaming agents as materials that facilitate foam formation and provide stability, with examples like sodium lauryl sulfate. Foam is applied to textiles using high-speed rotors or coating methods. De-foaming agents destabilize foam through their surface-active properties, with examples being mineral oils, alkyl phosphates, and silicone or non-silicone emulsions. The document outlines the mechanisms and requirements for effective foaming and de-foaming in textile wet processing.
Aerosol , components for aerosol formulation by mariomakhter@yahoo.commariomS7
Aerosol are the products that depend on the power of a compressed or liquefied gas to expel the contents from the container. Aerosols are termed also pressurized package.
This document discusses adjuvants, which are substances added to herbicide sprays to increase their effectiveness. It defines adjuvants and explains their purpose is to aid herbicides. The document then provides a brief history of adjuvants and explains why they are needed. It categorizes types of adjuvants based on their properties and describes various activator adjuvants like surfactants, oils, and wetting agents. It also discusses spray modifiers and utility modifiers that affect herbicide delivery, application, and stability. In summary, the document outlines the types and functions of different adjuvants used to enhance herbicide performance and addresses their interactions with herbicides, environment, and application factors.
This document provides an overview of basic and advanced pesticide formulations, including water soluble pesticides, wettable powders, suspensions, emulsions, microemulsions, microencapsulated suspensions, and water dispersible granules. It describes the key characteristics of each formulation type and provides examples of specific pesticide products that use each formulation, highlighting advantages and disadvantages for different application scenarios.
Adjuvants are added to pesticides to enhance their performance and properties. There are several types of adjuvants including surfactants, oils, stickers, and fertilizers. Surfactants work by reducing surface tension to help pesticides spread and penetrate plant or insect surfaces. Common surfactants include nonionic surfactants and organosilicone surfactants. Oils like crop oils and methylated seed oils also help pesticides penetrate surfaces. Stickers form a waterproof coating to increase pesticide residual time. Adjuvants are either included in pesticide formulations or added to sprays by applicators.
This document discusses solubilization and micellization. It defines solubilization as preparing an isotropic solution of a normally insoluble substance using a component that provides thermodynamic stability. Factors like particle size, temperature, pressure, and the nature of the solid affect solubilization. Surfactants are used to solubilize substances and form micelles above the critical micelle concentration. Micelles are aggregates of surfactant molecules that allow insoluble substances to be incorporated into their hydrophobic interior.
This document presents a comparative study between silicone and fatty surfactants used in shampoos. Silicone surfactants like dimethicone copolyol are introduced as an alternative to commonly used fatty surfactants like SLES. Various properties of these surfactants are studied such as surface tension, foaming ability, wetting, cleansing and conditioning effects. Silicone surfactants are found to be non-irritating and provide a silky feel to hair and skin. Different shampoo formulations containing varying ratios of silicone and fatty surfactants are developed and their stability is evaluated to identify the optimal formulations for further analysis.
Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable transparent (or translucent) dispersions of oil, water, and surfactant, with droplet sizes typically between 10-100 nm. They form spontaneously due to the presence of surfactants and co-surfactants that lower the interfacial tension between oil and water. Microemulsions have advantages over emulsions such as improved drug solubilization, thermodynamic stability, and ease of manufacture. They are widely used in pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and enhanced oil recovery.
This document provides an overview of surfactants and their applications in pharmacy. It begins by defining surfactants as substances that reduce surface tension between two phases. The document then discusses the different types of surfactants, including nonionic, anionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants. It explains how surfactants work to lower surface tension and form micelles. Key concepts covered include the critical micellar concentration and factors that influence micelle formation. The document concludes by describing various applications of surfactants in pharmacy, such as for emulsions, suppositories, respiratory therapies, and transdermal drug delivery.
This document discusses formulation development of semisolid dosage forms. It describes the ideal properties of semisolids and different types of semisolid bases used in formulations. The key bases mentioned include oleaginous bases, absorbent bases, emulsion bases and water soluble bases. Various methods for preparing semisolids like ointments, creams and pastes are outlined. The document also discusses preparation of oil and aqueous phases, importance of homogenization and controlling factors like temperature, time and mechanical work in emulsion manufacturing.
The document discusses herbicide formulations and techniques of herbicide application. It describes different types of herbicide formulations including dry formulations like granules, pellets, wettable powders, and liquid formulations like emulsifiable concentrates. It also discusses the importance of adjuvants and different methods of herbicide application such as broadcast application, directed spraying, and band treatment. The key goals of herbicide formulation are to make the active ingredient safer and easier to use while maximizing its effectiveness.
This document provides an overview of Delta Specialties' surface control additives portfolio. It discusses common surface defects in coatings like orange peel and fish eyes. Silicones, polyacrylates, and perfluoro surfactants are described as the main types of surface control additives, with their effects on properties like leveling, slip, and surface tension. Guidelines are given for choosing the right additive based on the coating type and desired properties. A product selection guide lists Delta's silicone-based and polyacrylate-based surface control additive products.
Pesticide formulations are mixtures that improve the handling, storage, application, effectiveness and safety of active ingredients. Common formulations include emulsifiable concentrates (ECs), which mix oil-soluble active ingredients with water using an emulsifier. Solutions dissolve active ingredients in water or oil. Suspension concentrates (SCs) and flowables (Fs) suspend solid active ingredients in liquids. Newer formulations like microemulsions and suspoemulsions combine multiple active ingredients to broaden pest control and eliminate tank-mixing issues. Formulations are selected based on the active ingredient properties and intended application method.
Non -ionic surfactants and their applicationEasy Concept
surfactant, also called surface-active agent, substance such as a detergent that, when added to a liquid, reduces its surface tension, thereby increasing its spreading and wetting properties.
Surfactants are termed as surface-active agents also wetting agents, emulsifying agents or suspending agents depending on its properties and use.
Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension between two liquids, between a gas & liquids, or between a liquid & a solid.
Course- Advanced Formulations and Combinations (1).pptxPestCEUs1
The document provides an overview of various pesticide formulations including basic formulations like wettable powders and emulsions as well as more advanced formulations like microemulsions, water soluble granules, and microencapsulated suspensions. It discusses the characteristics of each formulation type and provides examples of specific pesticide products that use each formulation. The document also covers formulation additives like synergists and surfactants that can enhance pesticide efficacy and provides guidance on combining different formulations and additives in pest control programs.
Course- Advanced Formulations and Combinations.pptxNanetteLaunius
The document provides an overview of various pesticide formulations including basic formulations like wettable powders and emulsions as well as more advanced formulations like microemulsions, water soluble granules, and microencapsulated suspensions. It discusses the characteristics of each formulation type and provides examples of specific pesticide products that use each formulation. The document also covers formulation additives like synergists and surfactants that can enhance pesticide efficacy and provides guidance on combining different formulations and additives for seasonal pest control programs.
This document defines surfactants as substances that lower surface tension and interfacial tension when dissolved in a medium. Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules with both hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads. They are classified as ionic (cationic, anionic, amphoteric) or non-ionic. Common examples include soap, detergents, emulsifiers, and foaming agents. Surfactants are used pharmaceutically as emulsifying agents, flocculating agents, wetting agents, solubilizing agents, and to modify membranes and enhance absorption and transport across mucosal tissues.
The word Surfactant is an abbreviation, a shortened way to explain “surface-active agent.” Surfactants are typically products made up of molecules containing a hydrophilic, or “water-loving” end, plus a hydrophobic, or “water-fearing” end. Surfactants are molecules that have the ability to adsorb at the interfaces between two phases (e.g. air–water, oil–water or liquid–solid), thus lowering the interfacial tension and stabilising the interface. Surfactants may act as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, and dispersants.
Surfactant applications,gemini surfactant, application of surfactant in drugsaysha shahzad
Surfactants are amphipathic molecules that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. They are used in many applications including lowering surface tension, acting as emulsifiers, foaming agents, and increasing the solubility of drugs. Gemini surfactants are a class of novel surfactants that contain two hydrophilic head groups and hydrophobic tails connected by a spacer. They have unique properties such as very low critical micelle concentrations and better surface activity compared to conventional surfactants. Gemini surfactants show potential for use in various industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
The document discusses emulsions, which are mixtures of two or more liquids that do not normally mix. It defines the key types of emulsions as oil-in-water (O/W), water-in-oil (W/O), and multiple emulsions. It also explains the differences between O/W and W/O emulsions and describes detection tests that can identify the emulsion type. Finally, it provides examples of common emulsifying agents like lecithin, soap, and gum and discusses their properties and uses in emulsions.
Profitable Business Ideas for Starting Detergent BusinessAjjay Kumar Gupta
This document provides information on starting a detergent business, including market size and major players. It discusses the production of detergents and chemicals used in soaps and detergents such as alkyl sulfates and ethoxylated fatty alcohols. The document consists of multiple sections covering topics like soap making, detergent production, bleaching agents, dry cleaning, and analysis methods. It aims to provide entrepreneurs with the fundamentals and formulas needed for venturing into the soap, detergent, and cleaning products industry.
3 common kinds of flotation agents for phosphate.pdfNAQ Global
In the process of phosphate mining, chemicals called flotation agents help separate the phosphate minerals from the other minerals that are present. It is very important for making phosphate fertilizers, which are needed for crops to grow well. Picking the right floating agents is very important because they determine how well, how much, and how negatively the process affects the environment. These three types of flotation agents for phosphate are commonly used for phosphate ores: collectors, frothers, and modifiers.
what are the factors affecting the efficiency of fertilizer application .pdfNAQ Global
Several factors influence how well plants can utilize the nutrients provided by fertilizers, and understanding these can help farmers and gardeners make more informed decisions. Below, we explore the key factors that affect the efficiency of fertilizer application. There are several sustainable fertilizer treatment solutions available as well.
The Importance of Quality Control in the Fertilizer IndustryNAQ Global
The importance of Fertilizer quality improvement is not something that needs any introduction to anyone. They play a vital role in modern farming. It does that by providing plants with essential nutrients and boosting crop growth. It ultimately ensures that we feed our growing population.
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Adjuvants are added to pesticides to enhance their performance and properties. There are several types of adjuvants including surfactants, oils, stickers, and fertilizers. Surfactants work by reducing surface tension to help pesticides spread and penetrate plant or insect surfaces. Common surfactants include nonionic surfactants and organosilicone surfactants. Oils like crop oils and methylated seed oils also help pesticides penetrate surfaces. Stickers form a waterproof coating to increase pesticide residual time. Adjuvants are either included in pesticide formulations or added to sprays by applicators.
This document discusses solubilization and micellization. It defines solubilization as preparing an isotropic solution of a normally insoluble substance using a component that provides thermodynamic stability. Factors like particle size, temperature, pressure, and the nature of the solid affect solubilization. Surfactants are used to solubilize substances and form micelles above the critical micelle concentration. Micelles are aggregates of surfactant molecules that allow insoluble substances to be incorporated into their hydrophobic interior.
This document presents a comparative study between silicone and fatty surfactants used in shampoos. Silicone surfactants like dimethicone copolyol are introduced as an alternative to commonly used fatty surfactants like SLES. Various properties of these surfactants are studied such as surface tension, foaming ability, wetting, cleansing and conditioning effects. Silicone surfactants are found to be non-irritating and provide a silky feel to hair and skin. Different shampoo formulations containing varying ratios of silicone and fatty surfactants are developed and their stability is evaluated to identify the optimal formulations for further analysis.
Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable transparent (or translucent) dispersions of oil, water, and surfactant, with droplet sizes typically between 10-100 nm. They form spontaneously due to the presence of surfactants and co-surfactants that lower the interfacial tension between oil and water. Microemulsions have advantages over emulsions such as improved drug solubilization, thermodynamic stability, and ease of manufacture. They are widely used in pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and enhanced oil recovery.
This document provides an overview of surfactants and their applications in pharmacy. It begins by defining surfactants as substances that reduce surface tension between two phases. The document then discusses the different types of surfactants, including nonionic, anionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants. It explains how surfactants work to lower surface tension and form micelles. Key concepts covered include the critical micellar concentration and factors that influence micelle formation. The document concludes by describing various applications of surfactants in pharmacy, such as for emulsions, suppositories, respiratory therapies, and transdermal drug delivery.
This document discusses formulation development of semisolid dosage forms. It describes the ideal properties of semisolids and different types of semisolid bases used in formulations. The key bases mentioned include oleaginous bases, absorbent bases, emulsion bases and water soluble bases. Various methods for preparing semisolids like ointments, creams and pastes are outlined. The document also discusses preparation of oil and aqueous phases, importance of homogenization and controlling factors like temperature, time and mechanical work in emulsion manufacturing.
The document discusses herbicide formulations and techniques of herbicide application. It describes different types of herbicide formulations including dry formulations like granules, pellets, wettable powders, and liquid formulations like emulsifiable concentrates. It also discusses the importance of adjuvants and different methods of herbicide application such as broadcast application, directed spraying, and band treatment. The key goals of herbicide formulation are to make the active ingredient safer and easier to use while maximizing its effectiveness.
This document provides an overview of Delta Specialties' surface control additives portfolio. It discusses common surface defects in coatings like orange peel and fish eyes. Silicones, polyacrylates, and perfluoro surfactants are described as the main types of surface control additives, with their effects on properties like leveling, slip, and surface tension. Guidelines are given for choosing the right additive based on the coating type and desired properties. A product selection guide lists Delta's silicone-based and polyacrylate-based surface control additive products.
Pesticide formulations are mixtures that improve the handling, storage, application, effectiveness and safety of active ingredients. Common formulations include emulsifiable concentrates (ECs), which mix oil-soluble active ingredients with water using an emulsifier. Solutions dissolve active ingredients in water or oil. Suspension concentrates (SCs) and flowables (Fs) suspend solid active ingredients in liquids. Newer formulations like microemulsions and suspoemulsions combine multiple active ingredients to broaden pest control and eliminate tank-mixing issues. Formulations are selected based on the active ingredient properties and intended application method.
Non -ionic surfactants and their applicationEasy Concept
surfactant, also called surface-active agent, substance such as a detergent that, when added to a liquid, reduces its surface tension, thereby increasing its spreading and wetting properties.
Surfactants are termed as surface-active agents also wetting agents, emulsifying agents or suspending agents depending on its properties and use.
Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension between two liquids, between a gas & liquids, or between a liquid & a solid.
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The document provides an overview of various pesticide formulations including basic formulations like wettable powders and emulsions as well as more advanced formulations like microemulsions, water soluble granules, and microencapsulated suspensions. It discusses the characteristics of each formulation type and provides examples of specific pesticide products that use each formulation. The document also covers formulation additives like synergists and surfactants that can enhance pesticide efficacy and provides guidance on combining different formulations and additives in pest control programs.
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The document provides an overview of various pesticide formulations including basic formulations like wettable powders and emulsions as well as more advanced formulations like microemulsions, water soluble granules, and microencapsulated suspensions. It discusses the characteristics of each formulation type and provides examples of specific pesticide products that use each formulation. The document also covers formulation additives like synergists and surfactants that can enhance pesticide efficacy and provides guidance on combining different formulations and additives for seasonal pest control programs.
This document defines surfactants as substances that lower surface tension and interfacial tension when dissolved in a medium. Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules with both hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads. They are classified as ionic (cationic, anionic, amphoteric) or non-ionic. Common examples include soap, detergents, emulsifiers, and foaming agents. Surfactants are used pharmaceutically as emulsifying agents, flocculating agents, wetting agents, solubilizing agents, and to modify membranes and enhance absorption and transport across mucosal tissues.
The word Surfactant is an abbreviation, a shortened way to explain “surface-active agent.” Surfactants are typically products made up of molecules containing a hydrophilic, or “water-loving” end, plus a hydrophobic, or “water-fearing” end. Surfactants are molecules that have the ability to adsorb at the interfaces between two phases (e.g. air–water, oil–water or liquid–solid), thus lowering the interfacial tension and stabilising the interface. Surfactants may act as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, and dispersants.
Surfactant applications,gemini surfactant, application of surfactant in drugsaysha shahzad
Surfactants are amphipathic molecules that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. They are used in many applications including lowering surface tension, acting as emulsifiers, foaming agents, and increasing the solubility of drugs. Gemini surfactants are a class of novel surfactants that contain two hydrophilic head groups and hydrophobic tails connected by a spacer. They have unique properties such as very low critical micelle concentrations and better surface activity compared to conventional surfactants. Gemini surfactants show potential for use in various industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
The document discusses emulsions, which are mixtures of two or more liquids that do not normally mix. It defines the key types of emulsions as oil-in-water (O/W), water-in-oil (W/O), and multiple emulsions. It also explains the differences between O/W and W/O emulsions and describes detection tests that can identify the emulsion type. Finally, it provides examples of common emulsifying agents like lecithin, soap, and gum and discusses their properties and uses in emulsions.
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This document provides information on starting a detergent business, including market size and major players. It discusses the production of detergents and chemicals used in soaps and detergents such as alkyl sulfates and ethoxylated fatty alcohols. The document consists of multiple sections covering topics like soap making, detergent production, bleaching agents, dry cleaning, and analysis methods. It aims to provide entrepreneurs with the fundamentals and formulas needed for venturing into the soap, detergent, and cleaning products industry.
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In the process of phosphate mining, chemicals called flotation agents help separate the phosphate minerals from the other minerals that are present. It is very important for making phosphate fertilizers, which are needed for crops to grow well. Picking the right floating agents is very important because they determine how well, how much, and how negatively the process affects the environment. These three types of flotation agents for phosphate are commonly used for phosphate ores: collectors, frothers, and modifiers.
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Flotation Reagent is the type of agent that is used in the process of mineral flotation, it adjusts the behaviour of flotation of minerals and helps achieve a good effect of separation of minerals. NAQ Global is one of the leading anti dust agent suppliers. They are a leading filter aid power manufacturer. There are numerous benefits of the filtration that they provide.
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Fertilizer production is made more productively and has better usability thanks to the employment of flotation agents for phosphate and anticaking agents for fertilizers. Additionally, NPK fertilizer coating techniques aid in optimizing nutrient release, loss reduction, and improving nutrient usage.
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Defoamers must have low surface tension and spread quickly over the gas-liquid interface to interact with foam as much as possible. An efficient defoamer must penetrate the foam's lamellae and displace the surface-active components that stabilize the foam to release the trapped gas and cause the foam to burst. Water-based defoamers supplier has several benefits over other forms of defoamers. Here we are sharing some benefits of water-based defoamer.
One of the essential unit activities in manufacturing pharmaceutical dosage forms, the majority of which are tablets and capsules, is granulation, the process of particle enlargement by agglomeration technology. Fine powders are converted during the granulation process into free-flowing, dust-free granules that are simple to compress.
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Here we mentioned a few crucial factors that affect the performance of the defoaming or anti-foaming agents. But how should we check the quality of a defoamer? Most people and industrialists know that the production of phosphoric acid produces a considerable amount of foam and gases. So, a defoamer for phosphoric acid production which can efficiently prevent and remove all the foam is good in quality.
Flotation reagents are usually referred to as flotation agents. The latter is favored because it is more accurate and significant. They are divided into three groups based on their functions: collectors, frothers, and modifiers. Each of the three types of floatation reagents plays a vital role, is essential, and participates in intricate interactions.
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During wet-process phosphoric acid manufacturing, large amounts of foam and hostile gases are generated, reducing plant productivity. In a traditional wet process, phosphate rock and sulfuric acid are mixed in a large digester or reactor to form phosphoric acid. There are many defoamer manufacturers in India who produce defoamer chemicals.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
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When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Everything You Need to Know About Defoamers and Emulsifiers
1. Everything You Need to Know About Defoamers
and Emulsifiers
Defoamers and emulsifiers are two types of chemical agents utilized in various
industries. They can also be used as fertilizer dust control. Everything you
need to know about defoamers and emulsifiers is right here.
What Exactly Are Defoamers?
A defoamer is a chemical additive that inhibits foam formation in industrial
liquids. It is also known as an anti-foaming agent. While "anti-foamer" and
"defoamer" are sometimes used interchangeably, it is critical to recognize that
anti-foamers prevent new foam from forming, and defoamers remove the
existing foam.
How Do Defoamers Function?
2. Defoamers are usually insoluble in foamy environments and have surface-
active properties. A defoamer solution must have a low viscosity and can
spread fast over frothy surfaces. It adheres to the air-liquid interface,
destabilizing the foam lamellas and causing air bubbles to rupture and surface
foam to degrade.
It is crucial to highlight that using defoamers for phosphoric acid
manufacturing might have environmental consequences. Defoamers can emit
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the atmosphere, contributing to air
pollution. As a result, it is critical to utilize these agents safely and dispose of
any waste created throughout the procedure.
Defoamer Classification
1. Defoamers based on oil
The carrier oil in oil-based defoamers is mineral-based, vegetable, white, or
other adhesive oil in the foaming medium. (excluding silicone oil). These
powerful defoamers are excellent for eliminating surface foam.
2. Defoamers for Powder
Powder defoamers are oil based defoamers on granular carriers such as silica.
Powder defoamers are found in cement, plaster, and detergents.
3. Defoamers based on water
According to industry experts, water-based defoamers are made by combining
various oils and waxes in a water carrier. Waxes are often fatty acid soaps, long-
chain fatty alcohols, or esters, whereas oils are typically mineral or vegetable
oils. These compounds often function best as deaerators, releasing entrained
air.
3. 4. Defoamers Based on Silicone
Silicone-based defoamers are polymers having silicon structures. These
defoamers are available as an oil or water-based emulsion. To create the
silicone compound, hydrophobic silica is diffused in silicone oil. The presence
of emulsifiers aids in the rapid and uniform dispersion of silicone in the
foaming medium.
What Exactly Are Emulsifiers?
Emulsifiers are substances that help two different liquids combine. The
hydrophilic head of these compounds likes to interact with water, whereas the
hydrophobic tail prefers to link with oil. The emulsifier attaches to the
oil/water or air/water contact and reduces surface tension. This procedure aids
in the stabilization of the emulsion.
How Do Emulsifiers Function?
Conversely, emulsifiers increase the process's selectivity by allowing the
targeted phosphate minerals to adhere more effectively to the air bubbles.
Fatty acids, sulfonated oils, and other forms of surfactants are common
emulsifiers used in phosphate flotation.
The use of flotation agents for phosphate processing might have
environmental consequences. Some flotation compounds, for example, can be
hazardous to aquatic life if discharged into rivers. As a result, it is critical to
utilize these agents safely and dispose of any waste created throughout the
procedure.
Connect with Best Defoamer Suppliers who can meet your needs:
4. NAQ GLOBAL develops and distributes specialist defoamer chemicals for
phosphoric fertilizer factories. NAQ GLOBAL delivers tailor-made defoamers -
GREEN DEFOAM series for Phosphoric acid defoamer plants to provide the
optimum techno-commercial solution, whether it is Hemihydrate, dihydrate,
Hemi Di, or Di Hemi process. We are the leading Defoamer Chemical
manufacturers in India. We make water-based defoamers, oil-based
defoamers, and other antifoam agents.
Source Link:
https://www.problogs.in/about-defoamers-and-emulsifiers/