The document provides an overview of various pesticide formulations including basic formulations like wettable powders and emulsions as well as more advanced formulations like microemulsions, water soluble granules, and microencapsulated suspensions. It discusses the characteristics of each formulation type and provides examples of specific pesticide products that use each formulation. The document also covers formulation additives like synergists and surfactants that can enhance pesticide efficacy and provides guidance on combining different formulations and additives in pest control programs.
Course- Advanced Formulations and Combinations.pptxNanetteLaunius
The document discusses various pesticide formulations including soluble pesticides, wettable powders, suspensions, emulsions, and more advanced formulations like microemulsions, water soluble granules, and microencapsulated suspensions. It describes the characteristics of each formulation type and provides examples of specific pesticide products that use each formulation. Advanced formulations like microemulsions and microencapsulations are able to better target pests and provide longer-lasting residuals compared to basic formulations. The document also covers additive types like synergists and surfactants that can enhance the efficacy of pesticide mixtures.
Course- Advanced Formulations and Combinations.docx.pptxPestCEUs
The document discusses various pesticide formulations including soluble pesticides, wettable powders, suspensions, emulsions, microemulsions, water soluble granules, microencapsulated suspensions, and combinations of formulations with additives like synergists and surfactants. It provides details on specific pesticide products that use each type of formulation, how they work, advantages and disadvantages of each, and tips on integrating different formulations and additives into a pest management plan.
This document provides an overview of basic and advanced pesticide formulations, including water soluble pesticides, wettable powders, suspensions, emulsions, microemulsions, microencapsulated suspensions, and water dispersible granules. It describes the key characteristics of each formulation type and provides examples of specific pesticide products that use each formulation, highlighting advantages and disadvantages for different application scenarios.
The document discusses various types of pesticide formulations including suspensions, emulsions, wettable powders, microemulsions, water dispersible granules, and microencapsulated suspensions. It provides examples of specific pesticide products and describes how their formulations affect properties like solubility, residual effectiveness, penetration, and mode of action. Advanced formulations like microemulsions and microencapsulations are able to better target pests due to smaller particle sizes. The document also covers mixtures used with pesticides like synergists, surfactants, and baits that can enhance pesticide performance without increasing toxicity.
DPR Adv.Formulations and Combinations.pptx.pdfPestCEUs
This document discusses various types of pesticide formulations and mixtures. The most basic formulations are suspensions and emulsions. More advanced formulations include capsulated suspensions, microemulsions, and water dispersible granules. Synergists increase pesticide efficacy by enhancing the mode of action of active ingredients, while adjuvants enhance efficacy without increasing toxicity. Common active ingredients discussed include boron, indoxicarb, and pyrethroids. Various product examples are provided to illustrate different types of formulations like emulsions, microencapsulations, microemulsions, and water dispersible granules. The roles of surfactants and baits in integrated pest management are also summarized.
L 9 Fungicides & formulations.pptkkkkkkkyfffAkash486765
This document discusses chemical fungicides, including their history, classifications, formulations, and ideal characteristics. It begins with definitions of terms like fungicide and fungistat. It then discusses the history of fungicide development from 1000 BC to modern times. The document outlines the major generations of fungicides and provides examples. It also describes common fungicide formulations like emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, granules and their advantages and disadvantages.
Course How to Choose the Formulation You Use.doc.pptxPestCEUs
This document discusses factors to consider when choosing a pesticide formulation. It outlines the main formulation types including emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, dusts, baits, aerosols and granules. When selecting a formulation, one must consider the pest, surface, location, environmental factors, odor/staining concerns, impact on non-targets, and customer preferences to ensure an effective treatment.
COURSE How to Choose the Formulation You Use.pptxPestCEUs1
There are many types of pesticide formulations to choose from, including emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, dusts, baits, aerosols, granules, and microencapsulated formulations. The best formulation to use depends on factors like the target pest, application surface, location, environmental conditions, odor and staining concerns, impact on non-target organisms, and customer preferences. Carefully considering these criteria helps ensure the most effective pest management program.
Course- Advanced Formulations and Combinations.pptxNanetteLaunius
The document discusses various pesticide formulations including soluble pesticides, wettable powders, suspensions, emulsions, and more advanced formulations like microemulsions, water soluble granules, and microencapsulated suspensions. It describes the characteristics of each formulation type and provides examples of specific pesticide products that use each formulation. Advanced formulations like microemulsions and microencapsulations are able to better target pests and provide longer-lasting residuals compared to basic formulations. The document also covers additive types like synergists and surfactants that can enhance the efficacy of pesticide mixtures.
Course- Advanced Formulations and Combinations.docx.pptxPestCEUs
The document discusses various pesticide formulations including soluble pesticides, wettable powders, suspensions, emulsions, microemulsions, water soluble granules, microencapsulated suspensions, and combinations of formulations with additives like synergists and surfactants. It provides details on specific pesticide products that use each type of formulation, how they work, advantages and disadvantages of each, and tips on integrating different formulations and additives into a pest management plan.
This document provides an overview of basic and advanced pesticide formulations, including water soluble pesticides, wettable powders, suspensions, emulsions, microemulsions, microencapsulated suspensions, and water dispersible granules. It describes the key characteristics of each formulation type and provides examples of specific pesticide products that use each formulation, highlighting advantages and disadvantages for different application scenarios.
The document discusses various types of pesticide formulations including suspensions, emulsions, wettable powders, microemulsions, water dispersible granules, and microencapsulated suspensions. It provides examples of specific pesticide products and describes how their formulations affect properties like solubility, residual effectiveness, penetration, and mode of action. Advanced formulations like microemulsions and microencapsulations are able to better target pests due to smaller particle sizes. The document also covers mixtures used with pesticides like synergists, surfactants, and baits that can enhance pesticide performance without increasing toxicity.
DPR Adv.Formulations and Combinations.pptx.pdfPestCEUs
This document discusses various types of pesticide formulations and mixtures. The most basic formulations are suspensions and emulsions. More advanced formulations include capsulated suspensions, microemulsions, and water dispersible granules. Synergists increase pesticide efficacy by enhancing the mode of action of active ingredients, while adjuvants enhance efficacy without increasing toxicity. Common active ingredients discussed include boron, indoxicarb, and pyrethroids. Various product examples are provided to illustrate different types of formulations like emulsions, microencapsulations, microemulsions, and water dispersible granules. The roles of surfactants and baits in integrated pest management are also summarized.
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This document discusses chemical fungicides, including their history, classifications, formulations, and ideal characteristics. It begins with definitions of terms like fungicide and fungistat. It then discusses the history of fungicide development from 1000 BC to modern times. The document outlines the major generations of fungicides and provides examples. It also describes common fungicide formulations like emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, granules and their advantages and disadvantages.
Course How to Choose the Formulation You Use.doc.pptxPestCEUs
This document discusses factors to consider when choosing a pesticide formulation. It outlines the main formulation types including emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, dusts, baits, aerosols and granules. When selecting a formulation, one must consider the pest, surface, location, environmental factors, odor/staining concerns, impact on non-targets, and customer preferences to ensure an effective treatment.
COURSE How to Choose the Formulation You Use.pptxPestCEUs1
There are many types of pesticide formulations to choose from, including emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, dusts, baits, aerosols, granules, and microencapsulated formulations. The best formulation to use depends on factors like the target pest, application surface, location, environmental conditions, odor and staining concerns, impact on non-target organisms, and customer preferences. Carefully considering these criteria helps ensure the most effective pest management program.
How To Choose The Formulations You Use (3).pdfPestCEUs
This document discusses how to choose the appropriate pesticide formulation based on several criteria. It explains that with the many active ingredients and formulations available, determining the best one can be difficult. The document then outlines the main types of formulations including emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, dusts, baits, aerosols, granules, and microencapsulated. It emphasizes that the best formulation depends on factors like the target pest, application surface, location, environmental conditions, and odor or staining concerns. Choosing the right formulation is key to effective and safe pest control.
DPR How To Choose The Formulations You Use (3).pptx.pdfPestCEUs
This document discusses how to choose the appropriate pesticide formulation based on several criteria. It explains that formulations include emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, dusts, baits, aerosols, granules, and microencapsulated products. The key factors in choosing a formulation are the pest to be controlled, the surface being treated, the location of the application, environmental factors like temperature and humidity, and any odor or staining concerns.
Granules are aggregations of fine powder particles that are roughly spherical in shape. They are produced to improve powder flowability, enhance compressibility, reduce toxicity, and prevent caking. There are three main granulation methods: wet granulation, dry granulation, and granulation by crystallization. Wet granulation is most common and involves mixing powder with a liquid to form a paste, then granulating and drying the paste. Granules are sieved after drying to achieve a uniform size distribution suitable for their intended use as a final or intermediate pharmaceutical product. Quality tests such as dissolution and friability are performed to ensure granule properties are suitable.
This document discusses adjuvants, which are substances added to herbicide sprays to increase their effectiveness. It defines adjuvants and explains their purpose is to aid herbicides. The document then provides a brief history of adjuvants and explains why they are needed. It categorizes types of adjuvants based on their properties and describes various activator adjuvants like surfactants, oils, and wetting agents. It also discusses spray modifiers and utility modifiers that affect herbicide delivery, application, and stability. In summary, the document outlines the types and functions of different adjuvants used to enhance herbicide performance and addresses their interactions with herbicides, environment, and application factors.
Tablets are solid dosage forms made by compressing or molding mixtures of active and inactive ingredients. They are the most popular dosage form due to their accurate dosing, low cost, stability and ease of production. Tablets can be formulated for immediate or controlled release and come in various shapes, sizes and coatings. The manufacturing process involves mixing and granulating powders, then compressing them into tablets using either wet or dry granulation methods. Wet granulation is more common and involves using a liquid binder to form granules which are then dried, sized, lubricated and compressed. Tablets must balance physical attributes like strength with chemical properties like drug release.
The document discusses herbicide formulations and techniques of herbicide application. It describes different types of herbicide formulations including dry formulations like granules, pellets, wettable powders, and liquid formulations like emulsifiable concentrates. It also discusses the importance of adjuvants and different methods of herbicide application such as broadcast application, directed spraying, and band treatment. The key goals of herbicide formulation are to make the active ingredient safer and easier to use while maximizing its effectiveness.
This document provides an overview of tablets, including their advantages and disadvantages, types, excipients used, manufacturing process, coating methods, and evaluation. Tablets are the most popular oral solid dosage form, comprising 70% of total medicines. They are easy to administer and stable, but some drugs are not suitable due to solubility or stability issues. Tablet types include immediate and sustained release, as well as those for oral, buccal, vaginal, and other routes of administration. Excipients like diluents, binders, and lubricants are necessary for tablet production. Granulation and compression are the main manufacturing steps. Tablet coating helps mask taste and protects the drug.
Granules are spherical aggregations of fine powder particles that are formed to avoid segregation of particles with different sizes/densities, enhance powder flowability, improve compressibility, and reduce hazards from toxic dust. Granules are used either as pharmaceutical dosages themselves that dissolve quickly or as intermediates in tablet production. Wet granulation is the most common production method, involving mixing powder with a liquid to form a paste, then granulating the paste using equipment like mixers. The liquid must mildly dissolve powder to form bonds between particles as it dries. Granule quality depends on the liquid, equipment, and powder properties.
The document discusses oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs), which are oral solid dosage forms that dissolve or disintegrate rapidly in the mouth without water. ODTs offer advantages over traditional tablets like improved patient compliance and bioavailability. Key attributes of ODTs include rapid disintegration (within 30 seconds), good taste masking, and the use of superdisintegrants, sugars, and other excipients to facilitate quick dissolution. Common technologies for producing ODTs involve freeze-drying, direct compression, spray drying, and mass extrusion. Preformulation studies and tests of disintegration time and dissolution profile are important for developing an effective ODT formulation.
This document provides information about suspensions as a biphasic liquid dosage form. It defines suspensions as containing fine solid particles dispersed in a liquid vehicle. Suspensions are classified based on their pharmaceutical use as oral, parenteral, ophthalmic, or for external use. The document discusses the differences between flocculated and non-flocculated suspensions. It also outlines various additives used in formulating suspensions, including flocculating agents, thickening agents, wetting agents, and preservatives.
The document discusses disinfectants, their properties, classification, and factors affecting their action. It defines disinfection as reducing microorganisms to a level that is not harmful to health. Ideal disinfectant properties include broad spectrum of activity, effectiveness in the presence of organic matter, stability, and low toxicity. Disinfectants are classified into 10 groups including acids, halogens, heavy metals, phenols, alcohols, aldehydes, quaternary ammonium compounds, dyes, detergents, and oxidizing agents. The factors that can affect a disinfectant's antimicrobial action are its concentration, temperature, contact time, pH, formulation, and type of micro
This document discusses powder dosage forms, including their definition, advantages, disadvantages, classification, formulation, and characterization. Powders are intimate mixtures of dry, finely divided drugs and/or chemicals that can be used internally or externally. They have advantages like good stability, rapid onset of action, and ease of administration. However, they are not suitable for unstable, bitter, or hygroscopic drugs. The document outlines methods for obtaining powders, mixing them, and packaging different types including bulk powders, snuffs, dental powders, and insufflations. Characterization parameters like particle size and flow properties that influence formulation are also described.
Adjuvants are added to pesticides to enhance their performance and properties. There are several types of adjuvants including surfactants, oils, stickers, and fertilizers. Surfactants work by reducing surface tension to help pesticides spread and penetrate plant or insect surfaces. Common surfactants include nonionic surfactants and organosilicone surfactants. Oils like crop oils and methylated seed oils also help pesticides penetrate surfaces. Stickers form a waterproof coating to increase pesticide residual time. Adjuvants are either included in pesticide formulations or added to sprays by applicators.
Development and Characterisation of Fast Dissolving Oral FilmsPardeep Jangra
For My review article on Fast Dissolving Oral Films, click on this link http://www.ijupbs.com/Uploads/2.%20RPA13140283015.pdf or copy paste this link in browser.
Pardeep Kumar Jangra
Powders are mixtures of finely divided drugs or chemicals meant for internal or external use. They have advantages like good chemical stability and ease of swallowing large doses. However, powders can have disadvantages like misunderstanding the correct method of use and difficulty protecting hygroscopic materials from decomposition. Powders are prepared as divided doses or bulk mixtures and come in various forms like dusting powders, dentifrices, and insufflations. Proper particle size, mixing, and packaging are important to ensure uniform doses and stability. Hygroscopic powders require special techniques to prevent moisture absorption.
This document outlines regulations for owners and employees regarding structural pest control in California. It discusses enforcement of regulations prohibiting false or misleading advertising related to structural pest control services. Specifically, it is unlawful to make unfair, deceptive, untrue or misleading statements about structural pest control products, services, or their potential health or environmental impacts. Violating entities may face license revocation, suspension or probation.
This document outlines regulations and standards for licensees of structural pest control in California. It discusses unfair, deceptive, or misleading advertising related to structural pest control services. It provides examples of statements or claims that would violate these standards, such as misrepresenting the effectiveness or environmental benefits of pest control methods. The document also lists factors that should be considered in determining disciplinary actions for licensees, such as the severity of the violation, harm caused, intent, compliance with previous sanctions, and evidence of rehabilitation. It concludes by listing standard terms of probation that are included in disciplinary cases.
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Tablets are solid dosage forms made by compressing or molding mixtures of active and inactive ingredients. They are the most popular dosage form due to their accurate dosing, low cost, stability and ease of production. Tablets can be formulated for immediate or controlled release and come in various shapes, sizes and coatings. The manufacturing process involves mixing and granulating powders, then compressing them into tablets using either wet or dry granulation methods. Wet granulation is more common and involves using a liquid binder to form granules which are then dried, sized, lubricated and compressed. Tablets must balance physical attributes like strength with chemical properties like drug release.
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This document provides an overview of tablets, including their advantages and disadvantages, types, excipients used, manufacturing process, coating methods, and evaluation. Tablets are the most popular oral solid dosage form, comprising 70% of total medicines. They are easy to administer and stable, but some drugs are not suitable due to solubility or stability issues. Tablet types include immediate and sustained release, as well as those for oral, buccal, vaginal, and other routes of administration. Excipients like diluents, binders, and lubricants are necessary for tablet production. Granulation and compression are the main manufacturing steps. Tablet coating helps mask taste and protects the drug.
Granules are spherical aggregations of fine powder particles that are formed to avoid segregation of particles with different sizes/densities, enhance powder flowability, improve compressibility, and reduce hazards from toxic dust. Granules are used either as pharmaceutical dosages themselves that dissolve quickly or as intermediates in tablet production. Wet granulation is the most common production method, involving mixing powder with a liquid to form a paste, then granulating the paste using equipment like mixers. The liquid must mildly dissolve powder to form bonds between particles as it dries. Granule quality depends on the liquid, equipment, and powder properties.
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For My review article on Fast Dissolving Oral Films, click on this link http://www.ijupbs.com/Uploads/2.%20RPA13140283015.pdf or copy paste this link in browser.
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https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
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Building Your Employer Brand with Social MediaLuanWise
Presented at The Global HR Summit, 6th June 2024
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Zodiac Signs and Food Preferences_ What Your Sign Says About Your Tastemy Pandit
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Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
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We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
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Course- Advanced Formulations and Combinations (1).pptx
1. Course Agenda: Advanced Formulations and Combinations
Part 1
BASIC PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS
The most basic pesticide formulations include soluble pesticides, wettable powders,
suspensions, and emulsions. As formulations get more advanced there are several
kinds of formulations that are similar but vary tremendously from the basic formulations.
These advanced formulations include capsulated suspensions, microemulsions, water
soluble granules, and many others.
Water Soluble Pesticides
Some pesticides are soluble and this means that active ingredient forms a true dilution
when it dissolves completely into water. One product that was commonly used and
has been taken off the market was Orthene. Otherwise there aren't a lot of products
designed for general pest applications. The most common soluble pesticide used today
is boron. Boron comes in several different forms but the common trade names are Tim-
Bor, Ni-bor, and Board Defense. Boron is intended in most cases for wood destroying
organism when it mixed with water because it's mode of action requires ingestion. As a
liquid treatment to exposed wood members boron penetrates the dry cellular structure
of the wood making the wood poisonous to termites after the treated wood is ingested.
Therefore, in that form it does little for non-wood destroying insects. Boron can
generally be used in its dry form as a treatment for ants and cockroaches that may eat
the dry particles as they are sweet tasting and absorb small amounts of moisture from
the air.
Wettable Powders
Wettable powders are basically concentrated dusts made from clay or talc that carry the
active ingredient and allow the active ingredient to float in the carrier agent, usually
water. The active ingredient is usually added to an inert diluent. A wetting agent is also
added to the mixture because the clay or talc simply float to the top of the mixture
otherwise. The spray mix does however still need to be mixed often because the final
formulation tends to come apart with the spray mix actually sinking to the bottom. This
formulation tends to stick to surfaces and may even leave a visible film on colored
areas. A huge advantage of this formulation is that it does not contain oil and shows
little to no phytotoxicity. This means that a huge advantage of this formulation is that it
won't burn plants, unlike emulsions which tend to cause visible plant damage. This
formulation also is not likely to move through soil once dry. This is an advantage if a
technician is treating for insects walking on the soil's surface, but can be a disadvantage
if treating for insects below the surface.
2. Suspension Concentrates
One disadvantage of wettable powders is that the concentrate comes in a dry form.
Technicians mixing these products increase their inhalation hazard by exposing
themselves to small particles that are instantly airborne as the product is opened,
measured, and mixed. A solution that is now widely developed by many pesticide
manufacturers is to mix the product in a suspension concentrate. The wettable powder
is essentially already wet when you receive the product. This decreases the level of
inhalation exposure because mixing is done by adding the liquid concentrate to the
carrier. In the case of Tempo Ultra WP, the manufacturer developed Tempo Ultra SC as
the alternative. Both products however are virtually identical once mixed with water.
Emulsions
Emulsions are formed when an emulsifier is used to combine two parts of a product that
otherwise wouldn't mix. Generally, these active ingredients are mixed in an oil base. Oil
and water don't mix therefore an emulsifier allows the mixture to occur. Emulsions
require frequent agitation, otherwise the pesticide mixture settles. This is typical, and is
because the pesticide never completely dissolves. Small particles of oil and emulsifier
float in the water while carrying the active ingredient. If the emulsion is agitated
properly it allows for even distribution while applying this mixture. Because of the oil,
emulsions are more readily absorbed through the insect cuticles making them more
likely to kill on contact. This makes them perfect for situations where immediate relief
may be needed but technicians should also
be careful because the oil allows faster
skin absorption therefore maximizing risk
levels from human exposure.
When emulsions are applied to porous
surfaces they are partially absorbed and
the amount of product that is absorbed
can't be picked up by insects walking
across that surface. This can be beneficial
when treating for insects just below the
surface of soil, but when applying to
concrete or wood, treatments can have a
less than expected result.
One specific product carried in an emulsion is
Zenprox EC. The EC next to the product
name is important so that these pesticides
can be distinguished from other products. EC
stands for emulsifiable concentrate and when
mixed with water these products form an
emulsion. Zenprox is an ether pyrethroid
Products carried in a suspension tend to
rest on porous surfaces, and won't
penetrate porous surfaces.
Emulsions tend to penetrate porous
surfaces.
3. which means that it bonds to the nerve cell differently than other more common
pyrethroid products. Zenprox, because of its unique mode of action is less likely to
cause insect resistance and is very effective for interior treatments. When in an
emulsion it penetrates the insect cuticle easier than other formulations and has a faster
knockdown.
Part 2
Advanced Formulations
Microemulsions
A microemulsion is designed with much smaller particles that allow for better control in
specific uses. Transport Mikron is a microemulsion and it contains two active
ingredients making it not only unique because of its small particle size, but also because
of its dual mode of action. Acetamiprid, which is the first active ingredient, has a high
rate of lateral transfer from insect to insect, which is increased by the small particles of
pesticide. The small particles also make it likely to penetrate the insect cuticle faster,
and penetrate the soil much easier. A microemulsion particle is 100 times smaller than
the particles from standard emulsions and 1000 times smaller than a MicroCap.
Transport Mikron is well suited for smaller insects such as psocids due to its small
particle size, and can be used as part of a complete control plan that includes the use of
dusts, baits, and granules. The second active ingredient is bifenthrin, a general use
pyrethroid that helps leave behind a longer residual and creates the dual mode of action
increasing the products efficacy. The product however does have very hefty
restrictions, and may not be perfect for regular use since these restrictions are even
more complicated than the restrictions associated with other general use products
containing pyrethroids.
Microencapsulated Suspensions
The acronym CS if often used to describe
these products. CS stands for Capsulated
Suspension, and these products are
formulated exactly as the acronym suggests.
Small capsules float in the carrier agent,
usually water and other inert ingredients that
disperse the capsules evenly throughout the
product after some agitation. Settling is an
issue but agitation will generally restore
proper dispersion throughout the carrier.
These microcaps are relatively small, being
much smaller than the thickness of a human
hair (approximately 30 microns). Because the
Microcaps generally rest on surfaces,
and are available to be picked up by
crawling insects that come into contact
with the surface area. They may be
more dispersed than particles from a
suspension, but are generally evenly
spaced.
4. micro-caps break down slowly the products tend to leave a good residual, but can be
slow acting.The residual benefits of these products are enhanced by the fact that the
active ingredients are protected from the elements, harsh weather, UV rays, and the
high PH levels found on brick and concrete. Some products may have as many as
10,000 capsules per square inch when applied at standard label rates.
Onslaught Fastcap is a pyrethroid based Polymeric Microencapsulation. It has three
active ingredients, two of which are enhanced by the third which is a synergist. The
pyrethroids that make the product work kill the insects through sodium channel
modulation which is typical of the chemical class, and the synergist stops their bodies
from blocking the mode of action. The synergist thereby enhances the efficacy of the
product. Because of the two pyrethroids and the synergist the product becomes more
fast acting than other microcaps, while also leaving behind a long lasting residual. It’s is
best suited for scorpions and spiders but has other insects on the label. Because it is
repellent it may not be best in some cases. Careful consideration should be taken of
ground nesting insects such as ants, and for cockroach situations where insects can be
driven into undesirable places by this product.
Water Dispersible Granules
Dupont Arilon is held in water dispersible granules and may be used on most surfaces.
It has not been shown to stain surfaces despite containing minerals. The granules are
held in a suspension when mixed with water, and can even be purchased in small water
soluble packets that are exact dosages. The active ingredient, indoxicarb has been
shown to have exponential control since the active ingredient has a high amount of
horizontal transfer even across second and third insect carriers. In fact it spreads
through an ant colony quickly, and can even kill cockroaches for several generations.
It is target specific and through its MetaActive activation it can differentiate between
pests and non-target organisms. It works great on cockroachs, but not on bees.
Likewise, it is not considered a danger to mammals. It is activated when enzymes in an
insect’s body combine with the active ingredient and form a new chemical. A tertiary kill
effect is observed as insects spread the product through contact, and the product
continues killing long after the first infected insect dies. Insects such as cockroaches
that eat their own sputum and the dead bodies of other roaches will find that the
MetaActive compound is still strong in the dead insect bodies and even the feces of
cockroaches thereby contaminating their nests.
Soluble Pesticides
Some pesticides are soluble and this means that active ingredient forms a true dilution
when it dissolves completely into water. One product that was commonly used and has
been taken off the market was Orthene. Otherwise there aren't a lot of products
designed for general pest applications. The most common soluble pesticide used today
is boron. Boron comes in several different forms but the common trade names are Tim-
Bor, Ni-bor, and Board Defense. Boron is intended in most cases for wood destroying
5. organism when it mixed with water because it's mode of action requires ingestion. As a
liquid treatment to exposed wood members boron penetrates the dry cellular structure
of the wood making the wood poisonous to termites after the treated wood is ingested.
Therefore, in that form it does little for non-wood destroying insects. Boron can
generally be used in its dry form as a treatment for ants and cockroaches that may eat
the dry particles as they are sweet tasting and absorb small amounts of moisture from
the air.
Part 3
Additives and Combinations
Synergists are products or active ingredients that enhance the toxic effect of a specific
pesticide or active ingredient. The most common synergistic active ingredient is
piperonyl butoxide. It enhances the mode of action found in sodium channel inhibitors
like pyrethrins and pyrethroids. Many products come with the synergist already included
in the technical grade concentrate from the manufacturer. One such product is Exciter.
Exciter contains a pyrethrin base and piperonyl butoxide. Generally, exciter is only
used for knockdown kills since it leaves little to no residual and is highly effective only
on contact. An advantage of this product is that it can be added to other slow acting
products that do leave a residual thereby causing the instant kill effect and having a
continuing action in the days and weeks ahead. A common mixture is to add exciter to
bifenthrin based products, cyfluthrin based products, and other pyrethroids since the
piperonyl butoxide will also add to the toxic effect of these active ingredients.
Surfactants are a type of adjuvant that add to the efficacy of a pesticide mixture without
adding any more toxicity, or enhancing the effect of a specific mode of action like
synergists do. Surfactants have several uses, the first of which being that they can be
used to make water molecules bond together more easily. This creates a more even
distribution on plant leaves and on ground surfaces. Finished solutions containing
surfactants can also penetrate the soil easier making them wetting agents. Wetting
agents lower surface tension on soil allowing pesticides to more easily penetrate the
soils surface. For wettable powders, suspensions, and microencapsulated products soil
penetration does not happen as readily as it does for emulsions, therefore when
applying product for insects just below the surface of the soil, a surfactant is always
recommended. A common example of a surfactant is Yuccah.. Yuccah is a natural
surfactant made from the Yucca schidigera found in the desert that produces its own
compounds to manage water more efficiently. The surfactant compounds found in
yuccah make it perfect for use with pesticides, or fertilizers. When used by itself it can
even add to the vitality of plants and correct some soil conditions.
Many pesticide spray applications are enhanced by the use of baits. A liquid
formulationcan be enhanced very simply by the use of a granular bait in the gardens
and yard. Niban G, Niban FG, and other boron based baits are the most common and
very generally work to enhance a seasonal or quarterly service by extending the length
of time that products are active on the property. As an example, a bifenthrin treatment
applied in a suspension will last up to 30 days, but generally not more. Niban products
6. and generics for Niban will last beyond one month and continue to work. In seasons
such as the summer it will continue control when the liquid application's control period
ends, but ants are still very active. In the spring another approach might be to apply a
neonicoinoid which causes ants to forage more outside, and in this season where ants
reproduce most heavily a bait with abamectin will slow their rate of reproduction.
Each treatment listed above is appropriate for the respective season and the spring
treatment will prepare for the summer, with the summer treatment preparing the
property for the fall. All treatments should complement each other, with baits being
placed in areas that liquid treatments are not made. A good rule when broadcasting
baits is that the liquid should be up to 3 feet out from the foundation, and baits should
be 3 to 6 feet from the foundation in the yard. Gardens against the house should be
spot treated with baits, and repellant sprays should almost never be used against a
house.
Pesticide Formulation
Arilon Water soluble granules
Onslaught Fastcap Microencapsulated suspension
Optiguard Flex Microencapsulated suspension
Maxxthor SC Suspension concentrate
Microcare 3% CS Microencapsulate suspension
Premise 2 Suspension concentrate
Premise 75 WP Wettable Powder (Suspension)
Prothor SC2 Suspension concentrate
Suspend SC Suspension concentrate
Temprid SC Suspension concentrate
Tempo SC Ultra Suspension concentrate
Tempo Ultra WP Wettable powder (suspension)
Transport Mikron Micro-Emulsion
Zenprox EC Emulsion
The use of trade names in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific
information. American Pest CEUS does not guarantee or warranty the products named,
and references to them in this publication do not signify our approval to the exclusion of
other products of suitable composition. All chemicals should be used in accordance with
directions on the manufacturer's label. Use pesticides safely. Read and follow directions
on the manufacturer's label.