This document provides guidance on evaluating the credibility of sources for research. It defines key terms like research, source credibility, and validity. It then lists questions under five categories - who, what, when, where, why - to consider when assessing a source. These include examining the author's credentials, biases, purpose, evidence of updates, and relevance to the research task. The document concludes with warning signs of less credible sources like outdated information, errors, or ads/charges.
A guide (for students but equally relevant to business users) about the importance of selecting credible sources and interpreting their information correctly.
A guide (for students but equally relevant to business users) about the importance of selecting credible sources and interpreting their information correctly.
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Ron E. Lewis Library Thinking Critically about Web I.docxhealdkathaleen
Ron E. Lewis Library
Thinking Critically about Web Information—Applying the CRAAP Test*
When you search the Web, you’re going to find a lot of information…but is it credible and reliable? Use this
guide to help you determine this for yourself. Give your Web page a score based on this point system. Is
your Web source credible and reliable or is it a bunch of … ? SCORE _______
Checking for C-R-A-A-P! POINTS: 0 1 2 3
Currency or Timeliness
How important is it for your
topic to have recent
information? Science,
technology, and health
information need to be as
recent as possible. If yes,
how current is the
information?
There is no indication
of when the site was
created or updated.
The site was
created is over 5
years ago with no
date given for
updating.
The site was
created, revised or
updated within the
last 5 years. If they
are citing sources,
they are also
recent.
The site was created,
revised or updated
within the last 2
years. If they are
citing sources, they
are also recent.
Relevance
Is this the information you
need for your topic?
Consider the type of
information needed
(primary sources or
secondary sources)
statistics, history or
background information.
It mentions my topic
briefly but not much
else. Or it isn’t the
type of information I
need. Or it isn’t
enough information.
It provides some
information, but it’s
not enough, or it’s
not the right type of
information.
It provides most of
what I need, but I
still need more or
another type of
information.
It is exactly on the
subject, is the right
amount of information
and the right type of
information.
Authority.
Locate the author or
sponsor and Google the
name to find out more.
What else have they
published on the topic? Are
there any credentials for
the person to establish
them as expert? Is it the
main organization that
provides information about
a topic?
There is either no
author, or the author
is possibly a student
or an ordinary
person publishing on
the Web without
expertise. Or the
organization is not
known. Text errors
indicate the author is
not an expert.
Author is named
but with no
credentials. Or the
organization is of
questionable
authority. Web
groups can name
themselves with
names that sound
like other credible
organizations.
Author is named
but the degree of
expertise is not that
high.
Or, the
organization, is
well-known, and but
the degree of
expertise on this
subject is not clear.
The author’s
credentials are given
and clearly indicate
that he/she is an
expert.
Or the organization is
well-known and highly
credible on the topic.
Accuracy
Are there any sources cited
for the information?
Are images/photos labeled
and credited?
Information is
provided with no
indication as to
where it comes from.
There is a vague
reference to the
information source.
Ass ...
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2. I can evaluate a source for its credibility based on my
specific research task.
I can choose web sources that are appropriate to my
research task.
3.
4. Research: “a detailed study of a subject, especially in order
to discover information or reach a new understanding.”
Source Credibility: ”the degree to which people believe and
trust what other people and organizations tell them about a
particular product or service”
Validity: “able to be accepted”
Cambridge Dictionaries Online. Retrieved from
http://dictionary.cambridge.org.
6. Who is the author/creator/sponsor? Are author's credentials
listed?
Does the author have a reputation?
Has the author published works in traditional formats?
Is the author/webpage affiliated with an organization?
What does the domain name/URL reveal about the source of the
information, if anything? Example: .com .edu .gov .org .net
7. Are possible biases clearly stated?
Is advertising content vs. informational content easily
distinguishable?
Are editorials clearly labeled?
Is the purpose to: inform? teach? entertain? enlighten?
sell? persuade?
8. If relevant, when was the information gathered?
When was it posted?
When was it last revised?
Are links functional and up-to-date?
Is there evidence of newly added information or links?
9. Where does the author get his/her information?
Is there a bibliography?
Where can I find the author’s sources?
10. Why is this information relevant for my research task?
What is the depth and breadth of the information
presented?
Could you find the same or better information in another
source?
Does the site provide the information you need?
Your overall assessment is important. Would you be
comfortable using this source for a research paper?
11. • Web address contains words unrelated to what you are studying
• The site is an “answer engine” (i.e. Yahoo answers, Ask.com, etc.). If is it,
change your search term so that it is not a question.
• Your source is a blog.
• Contains inflammatory language or absolutes.
• Has not been updated in six months.
• Contains spelling or grammatical errors.
• Has ads, popups, subscriptions, or charges you for information.
• Is on Wikipedia. Wikipedia is a great place to start; use the sources at the
bottom of the page for more information.