Eutrophication is the enrichment of water bodies with nitrogen and phosphorus, leading to excessive algae growth and detrimental effects on aquatic life. Causes include agricultural runoff, urban discharges, industrial effluents, and natural sources, while consequences involve algal blooms, oxygen depletion, and health risks due to toxins. Control measures involve nutrient management, agricultural practices, stormwater management, and public education.

1. EUTROPHICATION
By :
BP231520
Sharovardhini.A
Department of Microbiology
Environmental
microbiology

2. CONTENTS
Introduction
01
03 Effects of Eutrophication
04 Control measures
Causes of
eutrophication
02

3. Introduction
• Eutrophication refers to the process where a body of
water becomes overly enriched with nutrients,
typically nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (p).
• From Greek word “Eu- trophic”
• Means Eu- well , trophic – Nourishment
• This enrichment often leads to excessive growth of
algae and other aquatic plants.

5. Causes of eutrophication
Agriculture run off
Fertilizers ,pesticides and manure from
farms of agricultural fields can wash
into nearby water bodies during
rain ,carrying high level of nutrients and
chemicals

6. Urban runoff
Sewage ,Detergents Containing
water runoff from urban areas
contribute nutrients such as
phosphates into water systems
Industrial discharge
Effluent from Industries such as
tanneries ,food processing, pharma
etc….these contain High constituent,
leads to affect water bodies and their
nature

7. Aquaculture
Atmospheric deposition
Nitrogen compounds from vehicle
emissions and industrial /domestical
process can settle on water surfaces
and enter into aquatic System during
rainfall .
Fish ,shrimp farms place of
cultivating can release nutrients in
excess organic matter into
surrounding matter

8. Animal waste
Pet waste and wildlife waste
can contribute to nutrient
pollution in water bodies
Natural sources
While less significant compared
to human activities, natural
sources like soil erosion and
sedimentary rocks and soil can
also release nutrients into water
bodies

9. Effects of Eutrophication
Algal blooms
Excessive nutrients Like N,P induce rapid
growth of algae and phytoplankton leads to
HABs produce toxins.
Oxygen depletion
When algae ,phytoplankton die and
decompose ,bacteria consume O2. Leads to
Hypoxic or anoxic condition , causing fish kills
and sunlight doesn’t penetrates into water .

10. Harmful to human health
When algal blooming dies, they produce
toxin. Cyanotoxin including cytotoxin and
biotoxin acute , chronic and lethal acute
poisoning of wild /domestic animals and
humans
Others Effect include:
• Fish kills
• Loss of biodiversity
• Water clarity
• Economic impact habitat loss

11. 1.Reducing nutrient impact
• Effluent treatment
• Controlled applications of fertilizers
• Riparian zone management
2. Managing agricultural practices
• Crop rotation and crop cover
• Nutrient management planning
• Conservation of tillage
3. Stromwater management
• Green infrastructure
4. Public awareness and education
5. Regulatory and policy measures
Control measures for eutrophication