Euthanasia refers to the intentional ending of a life to relieve suffering. It is classified as active or passive, voluntary or non-voluntary, indirect or physician-assisted suicide. Active euthanasia involves using lethal drugs, while passive euthanasia means withholding treatment. Voluntary euthanasia occurs with consent, while non-voluntary applies to unconscious patients. The Netherlands legally allows euthanasia under certain conditions, while other countries like India prohibit it. The case of Nancy Cruzan established some rights around refusing life-sustaining treatment in the US. Supporters argue it relieves suffering, while opponents believe it devalues human life.

1. EUTHANASIA
AVIJIT PATRA( BCA )
DR.B.C. ROY ENGG COLLEGE,DURGAPUR

2. Euthanasia

3. What does it mean?
From Greek word-
“EU” – Nice, Good.
“Thanatos” – Death or Killing.
One meaning given to the word is “ The intentional
termination of life by another at the explicit request of the person
who dies”.
In modern science euthanasia means causing painless death of a
person suffering from an incurable and painful disease. It is limited
to the killing of patients by doctors at their own request in order to
free them of excruciating pain or from illness.

4. Classification
1. Active Euthanasia
2. Passive Euthanasia
3. Voluntary Euthanasia
4. Non-voluntary Euthanasia
5. In-direct Euthanasia
6. Assisted Suicide

5. Types with Definition
Active Euthanasia – To end a person’s life by use of drugs whether by oneself or with the
aid of a physician.
Passive Euthanasia – When death is brought about by an omission - i.e. when someone lets
the person die . This can be by with-drawing or withholding treatment.
Voluntary Euthanasia – It is committed with the willing and autonomous co-operation of the
subject . This means that the subject is free from direct or in-direct pressure from others.
Non-voluntary Euthanasia – It occurs when the person is unconscious or unable to make a
meaningful choice between living and dying.
In-Direct Euthanasia – This means providing treatment that has the side effect of speeding
the patients death.
Physician Assisted Suicide – This usually refers to cases where the person who is going to
die needs help to kill themselves and ask for it.

6. Countries and their views

7. Nancy Cruzan
▪ Nancy Cruzan lost control of her car one day on January 1983 in
Missouri . When the paramedics arrived they were able to restore
her breathing and heartbeat and she was transported ,
unconscious , to hospital . She continued to be fed through a
surgically implanted gastrostomy tube. After several years a court
found that ,although her respiration and circulation continued
unaided , she was oblivious to her surroundings except for reflexive
response to sound and perhaps painful stimuli , her brain had
degenerated , irreversibly ,She was a spastic , quadriplegic; she
suffered contraction of her four extremities , with irreversible
muscle and tendon damage , and had no cognitive or reflex ability
to swallow food or water or to maintain her essential daily needs
nor would she ever recover such an ability.

8. Nancy Cruzan

9. In India

10. Legal Countries

11. In Netherland

12. Pros and Cons

13. Euthanasia is a rejection of the importance and value
of human life.
People who support euthanasia often say that it is already
considered permissible to take human life under some
circumstances such as self defense - but they miss the point that
when one kills for self defense they are saving innocent life - either
their own or someone else's. With euthanasia no one's life is being
saved - life is only taken.

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