The Euro Zone Crisis, which began in late 2009 following the global financial crisis, significantly affected countries like Greece, Portugal, Italy, Ireland, and Spain (collectively known as PIIGS) due to excessive government debt and budget deficits. Greece's national debt reached €300 billion, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 113%, prompting calls for external aid and causing contagion effects on neighboring nations and global markets. To stabilize the situation, European governments and the IMF have proposed substantial financial measures, emphasizing the need for economic policy integration among Euro Zone countries to avoid broader financial collapse.

1. Euro Zone CrisisAjay Kumar

2. Dinesh Grover

3. JasdeepChawla

4. PuneetKaurCONTENTSWhat is Euro Zone?What is Euro Zone Crisis?Countries affected and impact on them(PIIGS).Effect on Greece.Present condition.Solution.Conclusion.

5. Euro Zone It is an economic and monetary union (EMU) of 16 European Union (EU) member states They have adopted the euro as their sole trading currency. Euro became a reality on Jan 1, 1998 , but came for the European consumers on Jan 1 2002.It currently consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.

6. Introduction to Euro Zone crisisIt is the biggest challenge Europe has faced since 1990.Due to global financial crisis that began in 2007-08 the euro zone entered its first official recession in third quarter of 2008. The official figures were released in 2009 Jan.On 11 Oct 2008, a summit was held in Paris by the Euro group heads of state and Govt. , to define a joint action plan for euro zone and central banks of Europe to stabilize the economy.

7. Beginning of CrisisStarted in – Oct 2009 in GreeceIts immediate causes lie with the US crisis of 2007-09.The result in Euro Zone was Sovereign debt crisis.PIIGS: Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, Spain.

8. What Happened and Why?Greece: Sharp Budget Deficit Large government and External Debts in PIIGS.Greece credit rating downgraded.Interest rates surged on government bonds.Need for external aid from EU and IMF The high debts and rising rate of interests was a matter of concern.

9. Reasons for rise in External DebtsHigh household indebtness.Large current account deficit: Excessive growth in domestic demand.

10. Increase in wage rates.

11. Lower exchange rate risk.Weakening export competitiveness.Reasons for rise in Internal Debts:Rising Unemployment: Lower tax returns, higher budget deficits.

12. PRESENT SITUATION

19. GREEK DEBT CRISISIn the first quarter of 2010, the national debt of Greece was put at €300 billion ($413.6 billion), which is bigger than the country's economy.Greece has the worst combination of high debt level, large budget deficit and large external debt

20. GDP - $360 billion Debt-GDP ratio – 113% of GDPBudget Deficit – 12.9% of GDPCurrent Account Deficit- 11.0% of GDPNet Foreign Debt – 70% of GDPTotal Outstanding Public Debt- 290 billion euro

22. Countries Affected By Greek CrisisSouth-eastern EuropeNeighboring Serbia, Albania, Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey

23. IMPACTContagion Effect Greek crisis has made investors nervous about lending money to governments through buying government bonds. Reduced wealth: Take-home pay is likely to fall as it is eroded by rising taxes.Impact on private individuals

26. ResolutionsEuropean governments and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have stunned global stock markets with a 750bn-euro.France agrees to pitch in with 17 billion euro.

27. Situation of other countriesSpain is experiencing the highest unemployment rate of 20%.Italy- has already taken austerity measures. The lower house of parliament has voted for 25 billion Euros of cuts to reduce the country’s deficit. The govt. aims to reduce budget deficits down from 5.3% of GDP to 2.7% by 2012.

28. Effect on IndiaIndia’s exports to Europe could witness a slump close to 10%.Export driven sectors such as textiles and software are likely to bear the brunt.About 22-28 percent of revenues of India’s top tech majors come from Europe whose revenues will definitely be affected.Government’s overall target of $200 billion for the fiscal could be at stake.

29. FUTURE PREDICTEDEither the euro zone should go for integrating their economic policies. ORIt collapses, and the Greeks and other profligate countries devalue and the banks (German, French, British and American) lose hundreds of billions.,