This presentation is prepared with the objective of providing information on drug abuse and drug addiction to secondary level students. References has been taken from different slide available in slide share.
This document provides information on substance-related disorders including substance abuse, dependence, withdrawal, and intoxication. It defines substance abuse and dependence based on DSM-IV criteria. It describes the epidemiology, categories, and effects of commonly abused substances like stimulants, depressants, opiates, hallucinogens, inhalants, and caffeine. For each substance or class, it summarizes intoxication, withdrawal, treatment approaches, and diagnostic evaluation.
This document discusses substance use disorders, specifically opioid use disorder. It defines key terms related to substance dependence and provides details on the epidemiology, etiology, mechanisms of action, comorbidities, diagnosis, and treatment of opioid use disorder. The treatment of opioid use disorder involves opioid substitution therapy, with methadone and buprenorphine being the most commonly used replacement therapies globally. The history and goals of opioid substitution therapy in Nepal are also summarized.
Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and abuse. It requires long-term treatment to help arrest the progression of the disease and allow improved functioning. The presentation discussed addiction and commonly abused psychoactive substances. It outlined treatment objectives like intervention, detoxification, and rehabilitation through individual counseling, family counseling, group therapy, and aftercare. Homoeopathic constitutional remedies like Nux vomica, Sulphuric acid and Sulphur are recommended, especially for withdrawal symptoms.
suicide prevention and nursing managementNursingSpark
According to the document, suicide is a major global public health issue, being the second leading cause of death among people aged 15-29 years old worldwide. It discusses definitions of suicide, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation. It also outlines Durkheim's four main types of suicide (egoistic, altruistic, anomic, and fatalistic) and risk factors like mental illness, abuse, poverty and stress. The nurse's role in assessing and managing suicide risk, modifying the environment, communicating with the suicidal patient and documenting assessments is described.
Drugs alter normal bodily functions by changing emotions and thoughts when absorbed into the body. Drug abuse is an intense desire to obtain drugs that results in physical harm and behavior problems over the long term. Substance abusers use substances in a way that damages themselves or society, while substance abuse counselors have training to help with addiction issues across different aspects. Substance abuse is a major problem impacting many in society as the most prevalent mental disorder and continuing health issue, with approximately 6-25% of the US population struggling with addiction or abuse of various legal and illegal substances.
The nursing care plan addresses a client with schizophrenia and disturbed thought processes. The plan identifies assessments of non-reality based thinking, disorientation, and impaired judgment. Expected outcomes include the client being free from injury, demonstrating decreased anxiety, and responding to reality-based interactions. Interventions include being sincere and honest, setting consistent expectations, not making promises that cannot be kept, and encouraging talking without prying for information to provide structure and avoid reinforcing delusions or mistrust.
This document discusses substance abuse and provides definitions and classifications of commonly abused substances. It describes substance-related disorders according to the DSM-IV and ICD-10 and covers definitions of key terms like drug, tolerance, withdrawal syndrome, medical use, and non-medical use. The major classes of abused substances discussed include opioids, depressants, tranquilizers, stimulants, hallucinogens, cannabis, inhalants, and cocaine. Signs and symptoms of abuse and withdrawal are outlined for different substance classes. Principles of treatment include detoxification, abstinence, family involvement, screening, and self-help groups.
This presentation is prepared with the objective of providing information on drug abuse and drug addiction to secondary level students. References has been taken from different slide available in slide share.
This document provides information on substance-related disorders including substance abuse, dependence, withdrawal, and intoxication. It defines substance abuse and dependence based on DSM-IV criteria. It describes the epidemiology, categories, and effects of commonly abused substances like stimulants, depressants, opiates, hallucinogens, inhalants, and caffeine. For each substance or class, it summarizes intoxication, withdrawal, treatment approaches, and diagnostic evaluation.
This document discusses substance use disorders, specifically opioid use disorder. It defines key terms related to substance dependence and provides details on the epidemiology, etiology, mechanisms of action, comorbidities, diagnosis, and treatment of opioid use disorder. The treatment of opioid use disorder involves opioid substitution therapy, with methadone and buprenorphine being the most commonly used replacement therapies globally. The history and goals of opioid substitution therapy in Nepal are also summarized.
Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and abuse. It requires long-term treatment to help arrest the progression of the disease and allow improved functioning. The presentation discussed addiction and commonly abused psychoactive substances. It outlined treatment objectives like intervention, detoxification, and rehabilitation through individual counseling, family counseling, group therapy, and aftercare. Homoeopathic constitutional remedies like Nux vomica, Sulphuric acid and Sulphur are recommended, especially for withdrawal symptoms.
suicide prevention and nursing managementNursingSpark
According to the document, suicide is a major global public health issue, being the second leading cause of death among people aged 15-29 years old worldwide. It discusses definitions of suicide, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation. It also outlines Durkheim's four main types of suicide (egoistic, altruistic, anomic, and fatalistic) and risk factors like mental illness, abuse, poverty and stress. The nurse's role in assessing and managing suicide risk, modifying the environment, communicating with the suicidal patient and documenting assessments is described.
Drugs alter normal bodily functions by changing emotions and thoughts when absorbed into the body. Drug abuse is an intense desire to obtain drugs that results in physical harm and behavior problems over the long term. Substance abusers use substances in a way that damages themselves or society, while substance abuse counselors have training to help with addiction issues across different aspects. Substance abuse is a major problem impacting many in society as the most prevalent mental disorder and continuing health issue, with approximately 6-25% of the US population struggling with addiction or abuse of various legal and illegal substances.
The nursing care plan addresses a client with schizophrenia and disturbed thought processes. The plan identifies assessments of non-reality based thinking, disorientation, and impaired judgment. Expected outcomes include the client being free from injury, demonstrating decreased anxiety, and responding to reality-based interactions. Interventions include being sincere and honest, setting consistent expectations, not making promises that cannot be kept, and encouraging talking without prying for information to provide structure and avoid reinforcing delusions or mistrust.
This document discusses substance abuse and provides definitions and classifications of commonly abused substances. It describes substance-related disorders according to the DSM-IV and ICD-10 and covers definitions of key terms like drug, tolerance, withdrawal syndrome, medical use, and non-medical use. The major classes of abused substances discussed include opioids, depressants, tranquilizers, stimulants, hallucinogens, cannabis, inhalants, and cocaine. Signs and symptoms of abuse and withdrawal are outlined for different substance classes. Principles of treatment include detoxification, abstinence, family involvement, screening, and self-help groups.
This document presents a case study on substance abuse. It provides background information on a 33-year-old male patient, including his personal details, education, occupation, and family status. It then discusses substance abuse in terms of definitions, prevalence, causes, signs and symptoms, management, and the nursing role in caring for patients with substance abuse issues. Key aspects covered include the genetic, biological, neurological, psychological, and social factors contributing to substance abuse, as well as the physical, behavioral, and intoxication signs of abuse for various substances. Treatment involves detoxification, rehabilitation, counseling, and pharmacological therapies. Nurses play an important role in meeting patient needs, developing trust, and providing education and support throughout the treatment process
The National Mental Health Programme was launched in 1982 in India to improve access to mental healthcare. It aimed to integrate mental health services into primary healthcare and increase community involvement in mental health. The key objectives were to make minimum mental healthcare accessible to all, especially vulnerable groups, and apply mental health knowledge to general health services. It adopted a two-pronged strategy of establishing psychiatric units in district hospitals while also training health workers in basic mental health skills. The programme underwent changes and expansion over time, including launching the District Mental Health Programme to provide basic mental health services at the community level.
This presentation covers about drug abuse and its prevention & the RA 9165. No copyright allowed. Please don't forget to like and write your comments below. Thanks and God Bless!
Personality disorders are patterns of inflexible thinking and behavior that deviate from cultural expectations. They are categorized into three clusters based on similar characteristics. Cluster A disorders include paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. Cluster B disorders include histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and borderline personality disorders. Cluster C disorders include avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Research on personality disorders faces difficulties in diagnosis and studying causes. Treatments may include psychotherapy.
Substance use disorders are characterized by impaired control over substance use, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological changes. The addiction cycle involves craving, compulsion, loss of control, and continued use despite consequences, driven by the brain's reward system and neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin. Risk factors include psychological, behavioral, social, demographic, family, and genetic factors. Around 9.3% of Americans currently use illicit drugs, most commonly marijuana and prescription pain relievers among teenagers. Alcohol and tobacco use is declining overall but binge drinking and opioid/heroin overdoses continue to rise significantly.
This chapter discusses psychopharmacology and the nursing process for various drug classes. It provides background on how psychotropic drugs work and historical perspectives. For different drug classes like antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and others, it outlines indications, mechanisms of action, side effects to monitor, nursing diagnoses, and important assessment factors like interactions and contraindications. The goal is to safely and effectively manage clients' medication regimens.
A halfway house provides reintegration support for those recently released from prison, mental institutions, or addiction recovery. It helps reduce the risk of relapse or recidivism by offering a monitored transition between those environments and normal society. Halfway houses provide counseling, support, and treatment programs to help residents adjust and prevent returning to undesirable behaviors.
This document provides a case study on bipolar disorder. It begins with objectives to define bipolar disorder, discuss concepts of nursing care, examine the brain's anatomy and physiology related to neurotransmitters, understand pharmacological treatments, and apply assessments and interventions. It then provides background on bipolar disorder prevalence and characteristics. The rationale for choosing this case and significance of studying it are discussed. The scope focuses on nursing and pharmacological management, with limitations due to confidentiality. Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Model is identified as the conceptual framework. Literature on the history and classifications of bipolar disorder is reviewed. The clinical summary provides demographic data and applies developmental theories to the case.
A PPT of Addiction Counseling by Dr Komal Verma.
Addiction counselors help patients overcome dependence on drugs, alcohol, and destructive behaviors like gambling. Counselors intervene when patients are often at their lowest points in their struggles with addiction. A certified drug and alcohol counselor may also work with the families of addicts to assist the healing process. These professionals may work in outpatient facilities, inpatient rehabilitation centers, halfway houses, or hospitals.
Drug rehabilitation addresses both the physical and psychological aspects of drug dependency. It aims to eliminate physical dependency through medications and teach new behaviors to overcome psychological dependency. The most successful rehabilitation programs offer a variety of treatment options including inpatient, outpatient, and counseling. Detoxification alone is not enough - rehabilitation programs also incorporate medication and behavioral therapies along with relapse prevention strategies.
Addiction is the disease of the brain. it is believed that it can't be cured and it only depart taking life of the addicted. But addicts can recover no one is hopeless.
#drug Addiction #drug Abuse #overcome addiction
Sarah, a 34-year-old teacher, has experienced chronic, remitting episodes of depression for 10 years. Her current episode involves low self-esteem, sleep problems, lack of enjoyment, suicidal thoughts, weight gain, despair, isolation, worthlessness and concentration difficulties. Previous treatments with SSRIs provided initial relief but symptoms returned. Amitriptyline was prescribed but exacerbated manic symptoms, leading to a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Hospitalization and lithium stabilized her condition. The case highlights how bipolar disorder can initially present as depression and the importance of a thorough psychiatric history for correct diagnosis.
This document summarizes the components of a mental state examination (MSE), which is a structured way to observe and describe a patient's current mental condition. The MSE aims to gather a comprehensive description of the patient's mental state to aid in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. It evaluates appearance and behavior, speech, mood and affect, thoughts, perceptions, cognitive functions, insight, and judgment. Specific abnormalities are described for each component to note signs of various mental health conditions.
ECT is a safe and effective treatment for severe depression and other mental health conditions. It works rapidly and is also safe for elderly patients who are fit for anesthesia. ECT is indicated as a first-line treatment for severe depression with suicidal ideation, and is also effective for treatment-resistant unipolar depression, bipolar depression, acute mania, catatonia, and other conditions. Precautions are taken for patient evaluation, consent, anesthesia administration and monitoring to ensure safety. Potential side effects include memory impairment, confusion and muscle stiffness, but these are usually temporary.
This document summarizes delusions, which are fixed false beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence to the contrary. It defines delusions and distinguishes them from overvalued ideas. It describes different types of delusions such as persecutory, grandiose, somatic, and mixed delusions. It also discusses primary delusions that occur suddenly versus secondary delusions caused by other conditions. Various disorders and medical conditions that can cause delusions are listed.
The document summarizes the findings of a school project on drug abuse among teenagers. It conducted surveys of over 14 schools involving 9th to 11th grade students. Key findings include:
- Many students reported having friends who had tried drugs occasionally or experimented between 14-16 years of age.
- Common drugs tried included smoking, drinking, cocaine and cannabis.
- Younger students aged 12-14 indicated they may try drugs in the future. Older students aged 14-16 said they would.
- A de-addiction center was visited which uses programs like SMART Recovery through 6 months of behavioral treatment, but many patients relapse after returning to their normal lives.
1. Schizophrenia is a psychotic condition characterized by disturbances in thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior. It is a chronic condition with varied presentations and courses.
2. Key figures in the history and understanding of schizophrenia include Kraepelin who described "dementia praecox" and Bleuler who coined the term "schizophrenia". Diagnosis involves assessment of positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms.
3. Treatment involves antipsychotic medications to manage symptoms as well as psychosocial interventions. Nursing care focuses on safety, reducing symptoms, promoting functioning, and supporting overall health.
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects how a person thinks, feels and behaves. It is a brain disorder that is often genetic and can be triggered by environmental factors. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and behavior, and decreased emotional expression and motivation. While there is no cure, treatment with medications and psychotherapy can help manage symptoms and improve functioning. Lifelong treatment is typically required to prevent relapse.
LSD or lysergic acid diethylamide is a powerful hallucinogenic drug. It can cause hallucinations, altered thinking and emotions, increased color perception, and impaired senses of time and space. While trips typically last around 12 hours, flashbacks may occur. LSD is not considered addictive but can cause tolerance with repeated use. It was first synthesized in 1938 and became popular in the 1960s counterculture, influencing many cultural icons like Steve Jobs, The Beatles, and others.
The document discusses teenagers and drugs. It explores what drugs are, what leads teenagers to drugs, countries where drugs are allowed, how society deals with drug use, how the issue is presented by mass media, the consequences of drug use for teenagers, and the impact on society. It also summarizes the results of a small research survey of 50 teenagers on their perceptions of drugs, the role of mass media, society and school. The key topics covered are the negative impact of drugs on teenagers' lives, how teens are influenced by media and informed by society and school about drugs.
The document discusses various topics related to drug abuse and addiction. It begins by defining key terms like drug, addiction, and types of illegal drugs. It then discusses patterns of use for specific drugs like marijuana, opiates, and cocaine. It notes that most addicts begin using heroin through social contacts and learn techniques of use from other addicts. The process of addiction is described as typically starting with experimentation that can escalate to frequent use and dependence for some individuals. Prevention of drug abuse is identified as an important topic also covered in the document.
This document presents a case study on substance abuse. It provides background information on a 33-year-old male patient, including his personal details, education, occupation, and family status. It then discusses substance abuse in terms of definitions, prevalence, causes, signs and symptoms, management, and the nursing role in caring for patients with substance abuse issues. Key aspects covered include the genetic, biological, neurological, psychological, and social factors contributing to substance abuse, as well as the physical, behavioral, and intoxication signs of abuse for various substances. Treatment involves detoxification, rehabilitation, counseling, and pharmacological therapies. Nurses play an important role in meeting patient needs, developing trust, and providing education and support throughout the treatment process
The National Mental Health Programme was launched in 1982 in India to improve access to mental healthcare. It aimed to integrate mental health services into primary healthcare and increase community involvement in mental health. The key objectives were to make minimum mental healthcare accessible to all, especially vulnerable groups, and apply mental health knowledge to general health services. It adopted a two-pronged strategy of establishing psychiatric units in district hospitals while also training health workers in basic mental health skills. The programme underwent changes and expansion over time, including launching the District Mental Health Programme to provide basic mental health services at the community level.
This presentation covers about drug abuse and its prevention & the RA 9165. No copyright allowed. Please don't forget to like and write your comments below. Thanks and God Bless!
Personality disorders are patterns of inflexible thinking and behavior that deviate from cultural expectations. They are categorized into three clusters based on similar characteristics. Cluster A disorders include paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. Cluster B disorders include histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and borderline personality disorders. Cluster C disorders include avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Research on personality disorders faces difficulties in diagnosis and studying causes. Treatments may include psychotherapy.
Substance use disorders are characterized by impaired control over substance use, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological changes. The addiction cycle involves craving, compulsion, loss of control, and continued use despite consequences, driven by the brain's reward system and neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin. Risk factors include psychological, behavioral, social, demographic, family, and genetic factors. Around 9.3% of Americans currently use illicit drugs, most commonly marijuana and prescription pain relievers among teenagers. Alcohol and tobacco use is declining overall but binge drinking and opioid/heroin overdoses continue to rise significantly.
This chapter discusses psychopharmacology and the nursing process for various drug classes. It provides background on how psychotropic drugs work and historical perspectives. For different drug classes like antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and others, it outlines indications, mechanisms of action, side effects to monitor, nursing diagnoses, and important assessment factors like interactions and contraindications. The goal is to safely and effectively manage clients' medication regimens.
A halfway house provides reintegration support for those recently released from prison, mental institutions, or addiction recovery. It helps reduce the risk of relapse or recidivism by offering a monitored transition between those environments and normal society. Halfway houses provide counseling, support, and treatment programs to help residents adjust and prevent returning to undesirable behaviors.
This document provides a case study on bipolar disorder. It begins with objectives to define bipolar disorder, discuss concepts of nursing care, examine the brain's anatomy and physiology related to neurotransmitters, understand pharmacological treatments, and apply assessments and interventions. It then provides background on bipolar disorder prevalence and characteristics. The rationale for choosing this case and significance of studying it are discussed. The scope focuses on nursing and pharmacological management, with limitations due to confidentiality. Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Model is identified as the conceptual framework. Literature on the history and classifications of bipolar disorder is reviewed. The clinical summary provides demographic data and applies developmental theories to the case.
A PPT of Addiction Counseling by Dr Komal Verma.
Addiction counselors help patients overcome dependence on drugs, alcohol, and destructive behaviors like gambling. Counselors intervene when patients are often at their lowest points in their struggles with addiction. A certified drug and alcohol counselor may also work with the families of addicts to assist the healing process. These professionals may work in outpatient facilities, inpatient rehabilitation centers, halfway houses, or hospitals.
Drug rehabilitation addresses both the physical and psychological aspects of drug dependency. It aims to eliminate physical dependency through medications and teach new behaviors to overcome psychological dependency. The most successful rehabilitation programs offer a variety of treatment options including inpatient, outpatient, and counseling. Detoxification alone is not enough - rehabilitation programs also incorporate medication and behavioral therapies along with relapse prevention strategies.
Addiction is the disease of the brain. it is believed that it can't be cured and it only depart taking life of the addicted. But addicts can recover no one is hopeless.
#drug Addiction #drug Abuse #overcome addiction
Sarah, a 34-year-old teacher, has experienced chronic, remitting episodes of depression for 10 years. Her current episode involves low self-esteem, sleep problems, lack of enjoyment, suicidal thoughts, weight gain, despair, isolation, worthlessness and concentration difficulties. Previous treatments with SSRIs provided initial relief but symptoms returned. Amitriptyline was prescribed but exacerbated manic symptoms, leading to a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Hospitalization and lithium stabilized her condition. The case highlights how bipolar disorder can initially present as depression and the importance of a thorough psychiatric history for correct diagnosis.
This document summarizes the components of a mental state examination (MSE), which is a structured way to observe and describe a patient's current mental condition. The MSE aims to gather a comprehensive description of the patient's mental state to aid in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. It evaluates appearance and behavior, speech, mood and affect, thoughts, perceptions, cognitive functions, insight, and judgment. Specific abnormalities are described for each component to note signs of various mental health conditions.
ECT is a safe and effective treatment for severe depression and other mental health conditions. It works rapidly and is also safe for elderly patients who are fit for anesthesia. ECT is indicated as a first-line treatment for severe depression with suicidal ideation, and is also effective for treatment-resistant unipolar depression, bipolar depression, acute mania, catatonia, and other conditions. Precautions are taken for patient evaluation, consent, anesthesia administration and monitoring to ensure safety. Potential side effects include memory impairment, confusion and muscle stiffness, but these are usually temporary.
This document summarizes delusions, which are fixed false beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence to the contrary. It defines delusions and distinguishes them from overvalued ideas. It describes different types of delusions such as persecutory, grandiose, somatic, and mixed delusions. It also discusses primary delusions that occur suddenly versus secondary delusions caused by other conditions. Various disorders and medical conditions that can cause delusions are listed.
The document summarizes the findings of a school project on drug abuse among teenagers. It conducted surveys of over 14 schools involving 9th to 11th grade students. Key findings include:
- Many students reported having friends who had tried drugs occasionally or experimented between 14-16 years of age.
- Common drugs tried included smoking, drinking, cocaine and cannabis.
- Younger students aged 12-14 indicated they may try drugs in the future. Older students aged 14-16 said they would.
- A de-addiction center was visited which uses programs like SMART Recovery through 6 months of behavioral treatment, but many patients relapse after returning to their normal lives.
1. Schizophrenia is a psychotic condition characterized by disturbances in thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior. It is a chronic condition with varied presentations and courses.
2. Key figures in the history and understanding of schizophrenia include Kraepelin who described "dementia praecox" and Bleuler who coined the term "schizophrenia". Diagnosis involves assessment of positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms.
3. Treatment involves antipsychotic medications to manage symptoms as well as psychosocial interventions. Nursing care focuses on safety, reducing symptoms, promoting functioning, and supporting overall health.
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects how a person thinks, feels and behaves. It is a brain disorder that is often genetic and can be triggered by environmental factors. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and behavior, and decreased emotional expression and motivation. While there is no cure, treatment with medications and psychotherapy can help manage symptoms and improve functioning. Lifelong treatment is typically required to prevent relapse.
LSD or lysergic acid diethylamide is a powerful hallucinogenic drug. It can cause hallucinations, altered thinking and emotions, increased color perception, and impaired senses of time and space. While trips typically last around 12 hours, flashbacks may occur. LSD is not considered addictive but can cause tolerance with repeated use. It was first synthesized in 1938 and became popular in the 1960s counterculture, influencing many cultural icons like Steve Jobs, The Beatles, and others.
The document discusses teenagers and drugs. It explores what drugs are, what leads teenagers to drugs, countries where drugs are allowed, how society deals with drug use, how the issue is presented by mass media, the consequences of drug use for teenagers, and the impact on society. It also summarizes the results of a small research survey of 50 teenagers on their perceptions of drugs, the role of mass media, society and school. The key topics covered are the negative impact of drugs on teenagers' lives, how teens are influenced by media and informed by society and school about drugs.
The document discusses various topics related to drug abuse and addiction. It begins by defining key terms like drug, addiction, and types of illegal drugs. It then discusses patterns of use for specific drugs like marijuana, opiates, and cocaine. It notes that most addicts begin using heroin through social contacts and learn techniques of use from other addicts. The process of addiction is described as typically starting with experimentation that can escalate to frequent use and dependence for some individuals. Prevention of drug abuse is identified as an important topic also covered in the document.
Dr. Chamendra Ranasinghe presented information on drug addiction and its consequences over 25 slides. The document discusses how drug addiction affects the brain and behavior, outlines the phases of drug addiction from experimentation to regular use, and examines the medical, social, economic, and legal impacts of drug addiction at both individual and community levels. It also addresses myths about addiction and recovery, risk factors for youth, and the importance of treatment programs, education, legislation, and community support in preventing and addressing drug abuse issues.
Substance abuse is a major issue in Canada that costs billions annually. It is defined as the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs. Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and ecstasy are some of the most commonly abused substances. Long term substance abuse can seriously damage physical and mental health. Treating substance abuse involves medical and therapeutic interventions like detoxification, counseling, and support groups. Government organizations and non-profits work to prevent substance abuse and support recovery efforts.
This document provides an overview of addiction and substance use. It defines addiction as a chronic disease involving brain circuits, genetics, environment and life experiences. It discusses types of addiction including substance and behavioral addiction. Common addictions include tobacco, alcohol, drugs, gambling, food, video games and internet. The document reviews prevalence data on addiction from various sources. It also discusses treatment approaches for behavioral and substance use disorders including detox, individual therapy, group therapy and rehabilitation programs. Recent studies on substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic are also summarized.
This document discusses reasons for drug use and addiction. It provides 10 reasons why drug use is more serious today, including increased potency of drugs, younger age of experimentation, and greater availability of information. It then covers basic reasons people use drugs, the nature and costs of addiction, and risk factors. Biological and psychological explanations for drug use are presented, including the role of genetics and drugs activating the brain's reward system. Finally, signs of drug abuse and risks of different drug choices are outlined.
The document discusses alcohol and substance abuse. It begins by listing commonly abused substances like alcohol, tramadol, marijuana, and caffeine. It then notes that the region with the highest rates of abuse is the Northwest region of Nigeria. Some true statements about substance abuse are that cocaine is the most widely used illegal drug, marijuana may be a gateway drug, and men should drink no more than 21 units of alcohol per week. Risk factors for substance abuse include peer pressure, low self-esteem, and dysfunctional families. The document outlines the magnitude of alcohol and substance abuse in Nigeria and discusses various substances that are commonly abused as well as the causes and health effects of alcohol and substance abuse.
Personality Traits and Substance Abuse - Debashreeta Jena - +3, 2nd yr Ats, P...DebashreetaJena
This document provides a summary of a seminar paper on the relationship between personality traits and substance abuse. It includes sections on the contents, introduction, literature review, drug addiction, personality traits, and conclusions. The introduction discusses how drug addiction is a problem among adolescents and involves sociological, economic, and psychiatric factors. The literature review covers the history of drug use and legislation. Personality traits associated with substance abuse include high neuroticism, openness to experience, and low conscientiousness, agreeableness. Prevention and treatment options are also discussed.
The document discusses various bad habits like drug and alcohol use that are pleasurable but harmful, the factors influencing people to engage in such behaviors, and approaches to prevention and treatment including education, community programs, therapy, and strengthening natural support systems. It also outlines the effects of specific substances like tobacco, drugs, and alcohol on health and behavior.
The document discusses classification of drugs of abuse. It states that in 2004 there were an estimated 6.7 million drug users in the Philippines, but by 2008 this had declined to 1.7 million users according to a government survey. Drugs are classified into several types including gateway drugs, depressants, stimulants, narcotics, hallucinogens, and inhalants. Each type is described along with examples. The document also discusses drugs used by indigenous people and asks process questions about drug abuse prevention.
This document provides definitions and categories for substance misuse in the UK. It defines misuse as unsanctioned, hazardous, dysfunctional or harmful use according to the WHO. Substances can be legal, regulated or illegal, with illegal drugs categorized into classes A-C depending on their legal tariff. Drugs are also categorized by their effects as depressants, stimulants or hallucinogens. While alcohol is legal, it is responsible for the most harm. The number of heroin and crack users is declining but challenges remain around alcohol and new psychoactive substances.
1) The document discusses various factors that can contribute to drug abuse and addiction, including genetics, environment, trauma, mental illness, peer influence, and personality traits.
2) It identifies some specific contributing factors such as using drugs to pursue health, relieve pain, cope with alienation and pressure, satisfy curiosity, and fill emptiness. Easy drug availability, biomedical advances, and various social influences can also play a role.
3) The effects of drug abuse among youth are examined from social, financial, and health aspects. Solutions proposed include rehabilitation, education, public awareness campaigns, regulation of drug prescribing, penalties for drug dealing, and parental guidance.
This document provides an introduction to a class on drugs and society. It begins with polling students to gauge their expectations and reasons for taking the class. It then outlines class policies, assignments, and expectations. The document discusses key concepts around drug use including what constitutes a drug, commonly abused drugs, and factors that influence drug use. Statistics on drug use in the United States are presented, showing high rates of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use. Four types of drug use and dimensions of drug abuse are defined.
Drug education aims to provide information about drugs and teach skills for living in a world where drugs are common. It covers what drugs are, their history and effects. The document discusses different types of drugs like marijuana, cocaine, and heroin. It provides statistics on drug use and deaths in the Philippines. It explains reasons why people use drugs, signs of drug addiction, and how drugs affect the brain and life. Treatment for drug addiction is also discussed.
This document discusses drug trafficking in India. It begins with background on the rise of drug abuse in India from 2000-2009, with opiate users increasing from 22% to 42% and synthetic drug users growing quietly. It then outlines the major drugs trafficked like opium, heroin, cocaine, and marijuana. It maps the major drug hubs across India and describes how drugs are trafficked through smugglers, the internet, and suppliers in red light areas. Finally, it discusses prevention strategies like awareness programs, customs checks, and strong laws and governance to curb drug trafficking.
This document discusses drug addiction, particularly among students in Pakistan. It notes that drug use is a global problem, with over 1 billion regular smokers worldwide. In Pakistan, an estimated 7 million people are drug addicts, and surveys found smoking rates of 11% among male students and 6% among female students. Common causes of drug addiction include stress relief, peer pressure, and family problems. Effects include poverty, unemployment, health issues, and criminal behavior. The document recommends increasing drug education in schools, strengthening law enforcement against drug trafficking, and raising public awareness through campaigns.
The document discusses drug abuse and trafficking. It defines drug abuse as the use of substances not approved or supervised by medical professionals. It identifies the main types of drugs that affect the central nervous system as depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. The document outlines signs of drug abuse, including physical and behavioral signs. It states that drug abuse has widespread negative effects on communities. Effective prevention includes parental monitoring, school prevention programs, and community programs addressing all types of drug use. The document concludes that combating drug trafficking and consumption requires international cooperation through education, healthcare, treatment and rehabilitation.
Substance Abuse: Approaches, Statistics, Legislation, Services and MethodsEarly Artis
This document discusses substance abuse in Finland. It begins by defining addiction and outlining the most common addictive substances in Finland, including alcohol, tobacco, and various illegal drugs. It then provides statistics on alcohol consumption and issues in Finland, noting that alcohol is the largest problem and discussing attitudes towards drinking. The document also outlines approaches to substance abuse treatment in Finland, including services provided at different levels of care and legislation around supporting those with substance abuse issues.
The document summarizes information about the effects of tobacco, alcohol, and narcotics on health. It states that tobacco is estimated to cause 110.7 deaths per 100,000 people globally and is responsible for the highest burden of ill health worldwide. Heavy drinking, defined as more than three drinks per day, can directly damage the heart and lead to conditions like high blood pressure and heart failure. The independent scientific committee on drugs ranked alcohol as three times more harmful than cocaine or tobacco. Narcotics include opioids like heroin and morphine which are highly addictive and can have both short and long term physical and psychological effects depending on individual factors. Prevention methods proposed for all substances include education, exercise, avoiding situations involving use, and keeping
Similar to Etiology of drug addiction and Patterns of drug use (20)
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Answers Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Etiology of drug addiction and Patterns of drug use
1. Ministry of Higher Education
Kandahar Medical Faculty
MPH Program
Etiology of Drug Addiction &
Patterns of Drug Use
Prepared By: Sayed Ahmad Zia Nickbeen
8/16/2018 1
2. Outline
• Etiology of Drug Addiction:
1. Economic Factors
2. Social Factors
3. Cultural Factors
4. Theory of differential Association
• Pattern of Drug Use:
1. Initial and experimental Use
2. Casual or recreational Use
3. Dependent Use and drug addiction
8/16/2018 2
3. Etiology of Drug Addiction
1. Economic Factors:
• The manufacture, sale and transport of most of the drug is
either completely banned or is licensed to restrict their use
in every country.
• This ban or restriction imposed by local laws has given rise
to illicit trafficking and smuggling of drugs.
• The greater the restrictions on drugs, the higher is the
profit of the persons indulging in their illicit trade.
• The illegal of valuable “Cash Crops”.
8/16/2018 3
4. Con…
• So long as these unlawful sources of production
and supply of drugs are not snipped, the evil of
drug addiction can not be checked.
• As already stated, addiction flourishes among
economically well- developed groups although it
is seen among those living in slums to some
extent.
• They take drugs to forget economic and other
worries.
8/16/2018 4
5. Con…
2. Social Factors:
• Knowledge and awareness about drugs is
given to people through social contacts, books
and novels.
• Glamorization of the use of alcohol attracts
minds especially those of youth.
8/16/2018 5
6. Con…
3. Cultural Factors:
• In some communities, it is a part of their culture
to take alcohol during meals.
• The upper classes of society use expensive drugs
or cannabis e.g., charas, bhang, tan, ganja etc.
• Drug addiction is noticeable among beggars,
mujawars of dargahs, malangs and darveshes in
habiting takyas and shrines of saints.
8/16/2018 6
7. Con…
• These pseudomystics profess that they get the
power of meditation and concentration through
the use of bhang, charas, etc.
• It is a common sight to find at various shrines
groups of people dozing, lying reclining or
sometime dancing after the use of some type of
drug.
• Their indulgence is well known, ignored and often
accepted and defended by the public at large.
8/16/2018 7
8. Con…
4. Theory of differential associations:
• According to souther-land, an act is learnt from others
during social interaction with them.
• Drug addiction is learnt from addicts in community life.
• Like a contagious disease, the drug habit spreads from
a man to man and a woman to woman.
• Thus drug addiction develops in people through the
process of differential association.
8/16/2018 8
9. Patterns of Drug Use
1. Initial and experimental use:
• The most frequently cited reasons for motivation of
drug use are curiosity, the desire for new and
pleasurable experiences and wish to be able to move
in high circles of the society.
• In most cultures males are more likely to begin
taking to drugs than females.
8/16/2018 9
10. Con…
• The drugs that influence brain function are taken
1. to allay anxiety, or fatigue
2. to forget worries, economic problems and social
difficulties
3. to enhance sexual capacity
4. to meditate and attain mystical state
• In the initial stages the user gets the desired effect with
small doses of the drug but as he gets ‘hooked’, his
body requires larger and repeated doses to get the
same effect.
8/16/2018 10
11. Con…
2. Casual or recreational use:
• Drugs may be taken casually for relaxation and
relief from normal frustration and boredom.
• They are also taken casually to kill pain or bring
sleep.
• Some of the drugs taken casually are habit-
forming and may create addiction.
8/16/2018 11
12. Con…
3. Dependent use and drug addiction:
• Addicts come from all social classes and from all races.
• They are a real problem for their country and their own
families.
• All efforts should be made to reform these addicts
through concerted efforts of international bodies,
Governments and social workers world over.
8/16/2018 12
13. Reference:
1- Siddiqui M Irfanullah, Public health and community
medicine, 8th ed, 2016, Pp689-690, Time Treaders,
Karachi Pak.
8/16/2018 13