Estructuracelular2010
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This document summarizes key cellular structures and components of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It includes diagrams of bacterial cells, animal and plant cells labeling organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, and cell wall or membrane. Different types of microscopy used to study cell structure are also mentioned.
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This document summarizes key aspects of cell structure and function. It describes the discovery of cells in the 17th century and development of the cell theory. The basic components of cells are then outlined, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. The functions of these components are explained. The document also discusses cell types, comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It provides details on the structures and characteristics of bacteria as an example of a prokaryotic cell.
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Nucleus
1. The nuclear envelope possesses nuclear pores that allow for transport of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
2. The nuclear pores contain annuli, which are circular structures that the inner and outer membranes of the nuclear envelope fuse through.
3. The nuclear envelope separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm and regulates transport while protecting the DNA.
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Cells
Cells are the basic units that make up living things, with some organisms like bacteria made of just one cell. Animal cells contain a cell membrane that controls what enters and exits, cytoplasm that holds other parts, and a nucleus that controls the cell's activities and passes genetic information. Plant cells have a cell wall that protects and shapes the cell and chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll to absorb light for photosynthesis.
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This document summarizes key aspects of cell structure and function. It describes the discovery of cells in the 17th century and development of the cell theory. The basic components of cells are then outlined, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. The functions of these components are explained. The document also discusses cell types, comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It provides details on the structures and characteristics of bacteria as an example of a prokaryotic cell.
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Nucleus
1. The nuclear envelope possesses nuclear pores that allow for transport of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
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All living things are made up of cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of life. Cells come in two main types - prokaryotic cells like bacteria that lack a nucleus, and eukaryotic cells like plant and animal cells that have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear envelope. Both cell types contain cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane, and share some common structures like the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and in plant cells, chloroplasts. Organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have evolved from ancient prokaryotic cells living symbiotically within eukaryotic cells.
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This document discusses and compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It provides information on their key structures and functions. Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and include bacteria. They have a cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and can reproduce asexually. Eukaryotic cells are larger, have membrane-bound organelles and a true nucleus, and can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Examples of eukaryotes include plants, animals and fungi. The document provides details on specific structures like the nucleus, cell membrane, and flagella in both cell types.
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3. In 1838, Schleiden and Schwann proposed the cell theory: all organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
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Cells are the basic unit of life that arise from other cells. They contain organelles that carry out cellular processes. There are similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Both have DNA, plasma membranes, and cytoplasm but prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler while eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex, having a nucleus containing membrane-bound DNA.
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Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles that carry out specialized functions, such as the nucleus which houses the DNA, mitochondria which produces energy, the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus which process and transport proteins and lipids, and lysosomes which break down waste. Plant cells also contain a large central vacuole for storage. These organelles work together with the cytoplasm and plasma membrane to carry out the functions necessary to keep the cell alive.
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The document discusses the structure and functions of cells. It describes the principal parts of a cell as the cell membrane, protoplasm and its organelles, and the nucleus. It provides details on the structures and roles of various organelles, including the mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vacuoles, lysosomes, and chloroplasts. The document also reviews the differences between plant and animal cells, focusing on structures specific to plant cells like the cell wall, chloroplasts, and vacuoles.
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Prokaryotic cells are cells without a nucleus, such as bacteria. They are very small, have one circular DNA strand, and are found in many environments. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles. They include plant cells, which have chloroplasts and a cell wall with cellulose, and animal cells, which have lysosomes and motility. Eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells.
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Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria and archaea contain organelles such as the plasma membrane, nucleoid region, ribosomes, cell wall, capsule, pili, and flagella. Both cell types share common organelles including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes. The main differences are that eukaryotes have a nucleus with linear DNA while prokaryotes have circular DNA, and eukaryotes are generally larger in size and more complex than prokaryotes.
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Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria and archaea contain organelles such as the plasma membrane, nucleoid region, ribosomes, cell wall, capsule, pili, and flagella. Both cell types share common organelles including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes. The main differences are that eukaryotes have a nucleus with linear DNA while prokaryotes have circular DNA, and eukaryotes are generally larger in size and more complex than prokaryotes.
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The document discusses the basic components and structures of plant and animal cells. It describes that cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Plant cells also have a cell wall. The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material and controls its metabolic processes and cell division. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria lack organized nuclei and nuclear membranes. Eukaryotic cells have organized nuclei bounded by a nuclear membrane. The document also discusses cell shapes, sizes, and organelles like mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, lysosomes, centrioles, and chloroplasts in plant cells. It provides examples of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as plant and animal cells.
Cell
The document discusses the structure and organization of cells. It begins by distinguishing between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting that eukaryotic cells are larger and contain organelles within the cytoplasm. It then describes several key organelle structures found in cells, including the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cell membrane. It also notes some differences between plant and animal cells, and provides examples of specialized cell types like nerve cells, sperm cells, root hair cells, and more. Finally, it briefly introduces how cells combine to form tissues, organs and systems within multicellular organisms.
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Lecture 1 Introduction to Cell Structure and Composition.pdf
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The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
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原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Estructuracelular2010
- 2. Tamaño y Diversidad celular
- 3. Relación superficie a volumen
- 4. Microscopía de luz y electrónica
- 6. Diversidad de la Vida
- 7. Tipos de células Procariota Eucariota
- 9. Fig. 4-6, p. 81 Plasma membrane 0.5 μm Pili Storage granule Flagellum Ribosome Cell wall CapsuleNuclear area DNA
- 10. Célula Eucariota
- 11. Fig. 4-3b, p. 77
- 16. Fig. 4-7, p. 82 Ribosomes Chloroplast Granum Stroma Smooth ER Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Chromatin Nuclear pores Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Nucleus Rough ER Mitochondrion Vacuole Plasma membrane Cell wall Membranous sacs Golgi complex Cristae
- 17. Fig. 4-8, p. 83 Lysosome Ribosomes Rough ER Smooth ER Centrioles Mitochondrion Rough and smooth endoplastic reticulum (ER) Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Nucleus Chromatin Nuclear pores Nuclear envelope Membranous sacs of Golgi Golgi complex Plasma membrane Cristae
- 18. El núcleo
- 20. Fig. 4-13, p. 91 0.5 μm Golgi complex trans face cis face Cuerpo de Golgie
- 21. Cuerpos de Golgi
- 22. Fig. 4-14, p. 92 trans face Plasma membrane Glycoprotein Rough ER Ribosomes Polypeptides synthesized on ribosomes are inserted into ER lumen. Sugars are added, forming glycoproteins. Transport vesicles deliver glycoproteins to cis face of Golgi. Glycoproteins modified further in Golgi. Glycoproteins move to trans face where they are packaged in transport vesicles. Glycoproteins transported to plasma membrane (or other organelle). Contents of transport vesicle released from cell. Golgi complex cis face
- 24. Fig. 4-16, p. 93 15 μm Food vacuoles containing diatoms
- 25. Organelos de transformación de Energía
- 26. Mitocondria
- 27. Cloroplastidio
- 28. Fig. 4-9b, p. 84 Starch grain Intercellular space Chloroplasts Cell wall Vacuole Prolamellar body Plasma membrane Golgi complex Ribosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus
- 30. Citoesqueleto
- 31. El Citoesqueleto
- 32. Fig. 4-21, p. 97 Microtubule Plasma membrane Microfilament Intermediate filament
- 35. Fig. 4-22b, p. 98 (b) Fluorescent LM showing microtubules in green. A microtubule-organizing center (pink dot) is visible beside 50 μm
- 36. Fig. 4-27b, p. 101 (b) Intermediate filaments are stained green in this human cell isolated from a tissue culture. 100 μm
- 38. Fig. 4-28, p. 102 Plasma membrane Collagen Fibronectins Integrin Intermediate filament Microfilaments Extracellula matrix Cytosol
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