Essay On Medieval Vs. Renaissance Art

Essay on Medieval vs. Renaissance Art
Medieval vs. Renaissance Art Art during the Italian Renaissance differed from art during the Middle
Ages. The two have contrasting characteristics and concepts. To the people in the medieval world,
religion was their life. Everything in daily life focused around the church and God (Modern World
164). Medieval culture influenced the arts; this was evident in the religious themes. During the
Italian Renaissance, painters and other artists focused on the portrayal of a more humanistic way of
life. Renaissance artists' work portrayed realism with "lifelike human figures in their paintings"
(Modern World 164). Renaissance artists wanted to express ancient Greek and Roman cultures in
their work (Modern World 162). Italian Renaissance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Renaissance is another word for "rebirth." Some of art history's most recognized paintings were
created during the era of the Italian Renaissance (Modern World 162). Paintings became more
lifelike and realistic. During the Renaissance, a form of painting, called linear perspective, was
created:
Linear perspective is a mathematical system for creating the illusion of space and distance on a flat
surface. Linear perspective was first used in Florence, Italy in the 1400s by Brunelleschi, an artist
and architect. However, the first person to write the rules down was Leon Battista Alberti. Many
artists have developed a concept of Alberti's system for artists to follow. Leonardo da Vinci probably
learned Alberti's system while serving as an apprentice to the artist Verrocchio in Florence.
(Exploring Linear Perspective)
The concept of linear perspective is simple to understand. There is a horizon line, which is the point
where the sky meets the ground. There is a vanishing point, which is where all the lines of the
painting run inward to meet the horizon line (Exploring Linear Perspective). Famous artists, such as
Leonardo da Vinci, started out as an apprentice to a master of art. Tasks of apprentice may include
chores for his master, running errands, and preparing supplies. During his time as an apprentice, he
would have learned different skills such as sketching, painting, and sculpting from
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Essay on Medieval Art
In the art world, the medieval periods were traditionally though to be the unproductive phase of
Europe between the decline of Rome and the Renaissance. Our modern feelings toward medieval art
are far more appreciative. The main intent of Medieval art was to express Christianity which was
also a common bond between a wide spread and diverse Europe. For this reason most of the art
found from medieval times originated in monasteries and churches. European art during the Middle
Ages can be divided into four periods. These four periods include Celto–Germanic art which ranged
from 400 to 800 A.D. and was important in metal work. Carolingian art ranged from 750 to 987
A.D. overlapping 50 years of the Celto–Germanic period. The period of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A major difference between the two was that Carolingian architects used stone only for important
buildings such as churches and castles. Their buildings and plans for unfinished buildings show that
a major factor in Carolingian architecture was length. This was both appealing to the eye and
practical, leaving room for extra altars and separate entries. The Carolingian style is of small
dimensions. Most of this style pulls its influence from Byzantine artwork. "An explanation for the
sudden change from Celto–Germanic styling can be attributed to the new minuscule form of writing,
remarkable for its clarity and form" (Pioch). Metal work from this time period is rare although
writings tell us that goldsmiths and enamel workers remained active.
Romanesque The art of the Romanesque period was characterized by the revival of sculptures and
fresco painting. These were common elements of architecture. Along with those architectural
advancements the period produced frequent examples of realism as well as a heightened emphasis
on emotion and fantasy. The crusades acted as a main contributor to this time period lending more
religious and revolutionary imagery. Examples of Romanesque sculpture are dated back to the last
decade of the eleventh century and then first decades of the twelfth. "The primary source of artistic
patronage was provided by the monastic

Early Medieval Art Summary
Book Review: "Early Medieval Art", by Lawrence Nees
It was during the Middle Ages (300–1000 AD), that various distinctive forms of art began to emerge
in western Europe. A variety of significant mosaics, buildings and other forms of art came from this
time that continue to be analyzed in the present. In the book Early Medieval Art, Lawrence Nees
successfully provides an intricate interpretation of these various art forms that developed in this time
in history while allowing the reader to conceptualize the emerging cultures of the first millennium in
Europe. Nees is able to do this by outlining key aspects of the studied works of art that symbolize
how life was at this point in history. At the beginning of his book, it is apparent that Nees seeks to
provide a less traditional view on art at this time when he states, "I offer a different story of early
medieval art in place of the more traditional tale of the decline of Rome and triumph of
Christianity". Nees' thesis is subsequently inexplicitly stated to analyze the role of tradition in early
medieval western art and its transformation as time progressed. By following a non–conventional
thesis when writing this book, Nees is able to contribute a new perspective into the overall topic of
medieval art. Although Nees clearly states that he seeks to explore other analyses of early medieval
art that don't focus on the decline of Roman culture, he doesn't neglect this important topic
completely. To completely ignore this

How Did The Black Death Influence Medieval Art
It was one of the most devastating pandemics in history that occurred in Medieval Europe. It
affected the social and economic fabric of communities forever. It was the horrific rampage of sick
and dying people that caused the annihilation of some eighty million people during the mid–14th
century. One in every three Europeans succumbed from the plague. Thousands of patrons of the arts,
painters, and craftsmen perished during the course of the festering plague, spreading throughout all
aspects of Medieval culture, especially in art. The gruesome and ghastly ramifications of this era,
brought with it a somber and grave darkness to the imaginations of writers and painters that would
last for decades. Consequently, surviving daily living being ... Show more content on
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Many artists captured the elaborate artistic depictions of the dying in their art, yet, there appeared to
be a sense of lingering hope in a world overrun by lifeless decomposing bodies. The Black Death
became a dreadful reality and also was a powerful influence of realism in art. It gave rise to the
radical death iconography. Matthias Grunewald was an impressive German painter whose paintings
were of Gothic tradition. They were filled with spiritual exuberance and daunting beauty. His work
was meticulously executed and therefore, wealthy cleric and prosperous burghers were eager to
commission him for his paintings. In the Iseheim Altarpiece, Grunewald depicts in fine detail with
precision, a tormented decaying body of Christ riddled with black sores and abnormal postures of
the hands and feet. It demonstrated the anguish, pain, and suffering of death brought to those of the
Christian faith. The consequences of the Black Death were profound. In Francisco Traini's painting
"Triumph of Death," ultimately, no matter who you are or how beautiful you are, this was clearly
represented by the heap of corpses, cripples, beggars, and the crowned rulers that laid nearby. With
each stroke of a brush, artists saw very little to be optimistic about because everyone was

Scourging Of The Four Martyrs Summary
Niccolo di Pietro Gerini's Scourging of the Four Crowned Martyrs (1385–90) depicts a scene in
which four martyrs are pursued by a group of men with some scourging tool (which resembles a
modern–day rake). A late Gothic painting in which Gerini depicts a Catholic story of the Four
Crowned Martyrs, the Scourging incorporates much of the static, stiff forms which are characteristic
of the period's prevailing style. In the painting, one can notice clear divisions of space, distinct
separations of forms within that space, and emphases on the men doing the scourging within that
space as a function of where the light is directed in the painting. An analysis of these three key
elements of the painting suggests a cohesive assertion about the way the painting's subjects are
depicted within the image. Initially it seems apparent that the four martyrs are depicted in a negative
manner with the scourging men taking precedence. However, an analysis beyond the obvious
elements – particularly the figure suspended in the air and the devilish figures attacking the
scourging men – suggest that the four martyrs are actually being depicted in a more positive light. A
brief discussion of the subject matter of the painting serves as an important starting point. The most
obvious subjects, as suggested by the title of the piece, are the four crowned martyrs. Located on the
far right side of the painting to the viewer are the four crowned martyrs being pursued by the men in
front of them (to our

Essay on Innovation During the Middle Ages
The Middle Ages, contrary to its name, was a dynamic period of innovations. Throughout this
period, visual arts were employed to communicate important messages to the public as well as
private wealthy patrons. A variety of mediums were used to disseminate ideas. Though, the sense of
decorum shifted, the purpose of these moralizing images of religious figures remained the same. Art
was, as it still is an extremely useful and powerful tool for both religious and political
advancements. The two pieces to be considered in this paper were created using scenes from the life
of Christ. Themes from the old and new testaments were frequently used in art of the Middle Ages
to convey important messages to a largely illiterate populous, display the ... Show more content on
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Charlemagne became committed to reviving the Roman Empire, "a Carolingian Renaissance" ,
during which he commissioned many important art pieces and numerous manuscript pages . History
shows that he sought to unite the populous under Christianity , the Pope crowned him on Christmas
day, establishing his divine right to rule. This manuscript can be dated to the ninth century because
of its links to the Charlemagne empire, as well as its rendering of holy figures as separate from this
world: a trend that would change with humanism in later centuries. The theme of this manuscript
page is the Resurrection, an account of perseverance. Christ is a visitor from the heavenly realm; his
wounds continue to bleed yet there is no suffering. Typical of representations of Christ at the time,
his human traits were ignored . Christ, with one foot remaining in the grave effortlessly steps out of
his open tomb. The mysterious nature of this moment is emphasized to show the power of Christ's
divinity. He holds the symbol of benediction towards himself, simultaneously blessing the Emperor
who was directly tied to him. Two angels surround Christ, whose body dominates the page, forming
a triangle. The viewer's eye is drawn directly towards Christ. The page employs a hierarchical scale,
typical of the period. Christ is significantly larger than the surrounding angles and unconscious
guards in the lower plane. In his right hand Christ holds a heraldic flag, typical of

Difference Between Medieval Art And Renaissance Art
Many things changed from Medieval Times to the Renaissance. The catholic church saw it's reign
secede and individualism increase in the minds of the people of the time. Because of this, people in
the Renaissance now looked at themselves in a way that was never seen before. Slowly but surely,
the whole world changed. The rise in individualism and humanism signified a change in the way
people thought about their purpose in life. In the Medieval Times, people believed that they were at
the mercy of God, and they had no control over their own bodies or lives. From the change in
Medieval Times to the Renaissance, whole fields were changed, especially art and the medical field,
because of the rise of the individual and that way of life. Art in the Medieval Times was dreary and
bland. Many works of art were solely about God or holy figures. The most obvious change from the
Renaissance to Medieval Times was the arts, according to Document A and also that "One begins to
know the names of the artists ... feel stronger emotions in the subjects". This shows that Renaissance
art not only changed in style, in changed in how it made the viewer feel when seeing the art.
Similarly, in Document A, Renaissance art is described as "new artistic styles would echo the
broader movements and interests of the new age....". As compared to Medieval Times, the style of
art became something similar to the time that people could relate to. In the Medieval Times, art was
just meant to extol God's many feats. People who viewed the painting were supposed to put that
style of art on a pedestal. Medieval art was supposed to be worshipped, not so much understood.
The individual in the Medieval Times was supposed to take away from the painting that the only
thing that mattered in their life was the Roman Catholic church and God already had a plan for their
lives. But in comparison, Renaissance art was supposed to empower and help people of the time to
understand themselves and the fact that they can change their own lives. Anatomy of the Medieval
Times was incredibly different from anatomy of the Renaissance. According to the diagram in
Document D, anatomy was controlled by the zodiac, twelve star position that each controlled a
different part

St. Martin Of Tours Dividing His Cloak Analysis
David Cox Form IV– Art History Father Gregory Schweers, O. Cist. 10/26/16 St. Martin of Tours
Dividing His Cloak with a Beggar Ambrogio Lorenzetti Middle ages and Early Renaissance St.
Martin of Tours Dividing His Cloak with a Beggar by Ambrogio Lorenzetti St. Martin of Tours
Dividing His Cloak with a Beggar is a painting that portraits the story of St. Martin, a wealthy
soldier, giving a part of his cloak to a cold beggar in the winter. A famous Italian painter, Ambrogio
Lorenzetti, painted this. This work of art was painted roughly in the year 1340. The painting is still
around today with almost no damage done to it. It is currently held in the Yale Art Gallery, along
with many other Italian paintings. This painting used to be a part of a triptych. This means that it
was a part of three paintings that were meant to be seen all at once. The triptych showed the Virgin
and Child, and The Charity of St. Nicholas of Bari. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When I first saw this painting I noticed that St. Martin's armor stands out the most. I think that
Lorenzetti might have done this to show us how nice and elegant St. Martin is, compared to the
beggar, who is wearing almost nothing. His armor has many different shapes and textures on it
making it stand out more than anything else. Another reason why it stands out is because Lorenzetti
made the rest of the painting kind of dark. He might have done this to emphasize the weather
conditions, or he might have done it to emphasize the colors of St. Martin's

Art In Medieval Art
Medieval: Religion
Many artworks created during the Medieval art period were inspired by the religious beliefs of the
artists. This did not depend upon where the artist was located, many cultures created artworks to
depict and reflect on religious figures.
This piece that was created for King Richard II of England and supports the idea that artworks
during this period were heavily inspired by religion. This piece is made up of two separate panels,
the left of which depicts King Richard II keeling beside the three saints, (from left to right) Edmund
the Martyr, Edward the Confessor and John the Baptist, seemingly devoting himself to the baby
Jesus. Figures in both panels seem to interact but the background in each panel is differing from the
other. The painting shows these figures in front of a forest.
On the right panel, the baby Jesus is held by mother Mary, surrounded by angels. All figures in this
panel are wearing blue clothing except for Jesus who is wrapped in a golden blanket. The setting of
this panel seems to be in some type of meadow with flowers growing.
The medium used to create this piece is called Tempera, where egg yolk is mixed with the coloured
pigments to create the paint. This medium was used before the creation of oil paints and was very
long lasting as there are many specimens that have survived from the time period. Gold leaf is also
used in the background of the piece as well as in some of the details in the foreground.
The painting is symbolic

Social Ideals Of The Dark Ages
The Medieval Ages
The catastrophic collapse of the Roman Empire plunged Europe into darkness, amongst the chaos
progress was hindered and a time known as the Dark Ages emerged. From the shadows of
destruction rose the Kingdom of England, prosperous in it's own right, but ultimately weakened by
the turmoil of medieval times.Famine and plague ran rapidly through all of Europe, aided by climate
deterioration and chronic malnourishment. No sword compared to the unforgiving blade of The
Black Death, a plague more ferocious than any disease known to man. Anglo–Saxon invasions and
mighty viking raids covered England in thick crimson, but through suffering the eras vibrancy and
complexity came to surface. Hidden underneath the connotation of the word "Dark", lies defining
social ideals of the Dark Ages that approached the different aspects of life in a way done never
before. Inaccurate is the term Dark Ages, as the roles of women, the prominence of religion,
feudalism, medieval art and the legend of King Arthur, all stand stand as great examples of
progressive thinking at the time.
Society in the medieval ages was completely dominated by men, leaving women with little leeway
to acquire equal rights. Women were objects, resources, simply to be used for the benefit of men.
Religion controlled the era and the biblical depiction of Eve was enough to convince the people that
women were inherently weaker and inferior to men. This became the basis for all laws, expectations
and duties

Medieval Art Essay
Medieval Art
In the art world, the medieval periods were traditionally though to be the unproductive phase of
Europe between the decline of Rome and the Renaissance. Our modern feelings toward medieval art
are far more appreciative. The main intent of Medieval art was to express Christianity which was
also a common bond between a wide spread and diverse Europe. For this reason most of the art
found from medieval times originated in monasteries and churches. European art during the Middle
Ages can be divided into four periods. These four periods include Celto–Germanic art which ranged
from 400 to 800 A.D. and was important in metal work. Carolingian art ranged from 750 to 987
A.D. overlapping 50 years of the Celto–Germanic period. The ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Carolingian style is of small dimensions. Most of this style pulls its influence from Byzantine
artwork. "An explanation for the sudden change from Celto–Germanic styling can be attributed to
the new minuscule form of writing, remarkable for its clarity and form" (Pioch). Metal work from
this time period is rare although writings tell us that goldsmiths and enamel workers remained
active.
Romanesque The art of the Romanesque period was characterized by the revival of sculptures and
fresco painting. These were common elements of architecture. Along with those architectural
advancements the period produced frequent examples of realism as well as a heightened emphasis
on emotion and fantasy. The crusades acted as a main contributor to this time period lending more
religious and revolutionary imagery. Examples of Romanesque sculpture are dated back to the last
decade of the eleventh century and then first decades of the twelfth. "The primary source of artistic
patronage was provided by the monastic institutions, for whom sculptors executed large relief
carvings for the decoration of church portals and richly ornate capitals for cloisters" (Cleaver 156)
Another aspect of the Romanesque revival was the production of metalwork objects, of which many
outstanding examples, such as crucifixes, reliquary shrines, and candlesticks, are still preserved in
church treasuries. It was

Compare And Contrast Medieval Art And Renaissance Art
When we look at the history of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, we always like to use the
confinement of thinking and the liberation of ideas to sum up the two, especially in the art, the
medieval paintings are often used in dark colors, deformed three–dimensional concept Showing the
real world, and often less a bit human nature. And after the Renaissance, the painting masters are the
opposite of it. I am not here to comment on their good or bad, but from the artistic point of view, to
explore whether a good form of art needs to reflect the community and a wide range of civilizations
The two paintings I exhibited came from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
The first is a medieval painting, created by the Italian painter Duccio creation, we can see that his
paintings are characterized by a typical dark tones, because it is the early Virgin image, painting
skills are not too mature, more oil painting Has not been born, cannot be repeated stacking, repeated
changes, and thus in the character image of the expressive force is not perfect, it is not a strong light
and shadow effect, but on the basis of flat painted slightly darker blooming, so that the face of the
Structure and clothing pattern to show the bumps. However, as time goes on, the earlier the icon on
the image, the less the effect of three, the basic lines are outlined in the plane, with color is simple
and bright. But the phenomenon of rigid expression until the 16th century when the image has not
been

Relationship Between Religion and Art in Medieval,...
In a brightly–lit corner of St Peter's Basilica, sitting behind a clear panel of glass, is Michelangelo's
Pietà. A marble–white sculpture of the Mother Mary, her eyes downcast, gazes at her Son who lies
dead across her lap. She seems both devastated and deep in thought. She is young and beautiful, in
line with the old belief that a perfect soul meant a perfect outward appearance (Smart 122). She is
famous and celebrated, and is visited by Christians from every nation.
In another part of the world, The Holy Virgin Mary by Chris Ofili resides in the Brooklyn Art
Museum. It is a painting of Mary atop a pile of elephant feces, the Virgin herself made with the
same substance, while surrounded by cutouts from pornographic magazines. The work ... Show
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The Church became less of a holy symbol of God's presence on earth, and more of a machine to help
ambitious men up the ladder of political power and influence (Murray Michelangelo 7). The Age of
Enlightenment changed the medieval time's thirst for God to a thirst for knowledge and science
(Gardner 396).
In present times, the influence of the Church continues to decline. "The 21st century is seeing the
most intense attacks on belief in God in general and the Roman Catholic Church in particular."
(Tiglao A13)This is not at all helped by the countless scandals endured by the Vatican today. Well–
known examples include their opposition to stem cell research (zu Eltz et al. 211) and sex abuse
cases involving priests. The controversy of sexually abusive priests has proven so outrageous that
many have demanded the dismissal of countless Church officials and even Pope Benedict XVI
himself ("Pope undeterred by abuse scandal, reform calls" 8).
Religion has endured a rocky road over the course of history, and so has art. Indeed it has evolved
from the solemn themes of medieval art, to the romantic, whimsical mood of Renaissance art, to the
shock value of contemporary art.
The Medieval times has its share of famous art styles, two of the most significant being Byzantine
and Gothic. The Byzantine era of art was one of the Western world's longest and most unique. It was
best

The Importance Of The Black Death
"Black Death has changed Europe forever in some many ways"
Black Death is a frightening plague that creates painful buboes and internal bleeding made the
victim's skin turn black. All because of this plague, Europe had to change their living ways because
people living in Europe would have got annihilated by it. Europe changed forever their
Infrastructure of the cities, arts were mostly about the Black Death and many people lost of faith in
religion.
The horrifying plague, the Black Death firstly changed Europe's architecture. As you can see, figure
1 is a part of a Medieval town that people is living with some modern additions, but it still illustrates
us how narrow the streets are that sun can't come in well. Giovanni Villani who lived in 1275 to
1348 has mentioned "The city was well laid out within, and constructed with many beautiful
houses." (Easton, pg 479) but he thought it was good, it wasn't. Also "Town centres were dirty and
smelly."(Easton, pg 479) mentioning how it was in the short streets and that it was the perfect place
for the Black Death or any plague to be and spread because it was the best condition of wild rats to
live in the streets. Mostly "Rat fleas carried the plague bacillus–a type of bacteria."(Senker.C, pg 16)
and flees made the disease get spread around by jumping on to rats and infecting them, until the host
cell of the rat died, they moved to another. When the rats died, fleas fed on the human beings and
spread the disease to human. People

Essay about The Medieval Synthesis in the Arts
The Medieval Synthesis in the Arts ca. (1000–1300) thirteen century Gothic Church. The Chartres
Cathedral Church is one of the most important in France. After a fire in 1134 destroy the town of
Chartres the west front of the cathedral. The rebuilding of the west facade between 1145–50. It was
once known as Notre Dame de Chartres but today is known as Chartres Cathedral. This church has
the essential parts of a Christian basilica. The cathedral is locates in the town of Chartres,
Northwester France. It is one of three Gothic French architecture and the others are Amiens
Cathedral and Reims Cathedral. The cathedral has two pointed arches, buttresses, vaults, and
beautiful stained glass windows. The large pointed arches soaring towards the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The Chartres Cathedral has two tall soaring towers reaching toward the heavens. "First, the Gothic
got rid of the rounded arches utilized in the Romanesque and instead pointed arches were because
they could better direct the weight to the ground and thereby allowed for greater height."
(www.fishcherarthistory.com/chartrea–cathedral.html). The Chartres Cathedral consists of flying
buttresses and 176 rose glass stained windows. This cathedral was also dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
It's also stands out because during that time Gothic experience with stained glass color such as blue,
which is known as Chartres Blue. A color such as yellows, reds and greens relates biblical stories.
The Chartres Cathedral was known as a popular pilgrimage because it serves as the most beautiful
cathedral in France. It has the western architecture and the pointed arches, flying buttresses and so
many stained glass rose windows and sculptures. This cathedral is recognized for its stained–glass
windows. Direct light does not enter the building and that sends out an intense spiritual feeling.
Light is only filtered thought the windows. "The interior of the Chartres cathedral is remarkable.
The nave, wider that of any other cathedral in France (52

Medieval Art
The painting's context between 1400 and 1600 took place in a workshop during the fifteenth century.
Hubert was given the responsibility to finish the Ghent Altarpiece. Due to his death on 1426, Jan
took Huberts contract and signed it with the patron of the work. On May 6 1432 Jan completed the
work requested by Joos. A citizen of Ghent, Vijd ordered the Ghent Altarpiece for the Church giving
it to St. John the Baptist, which was located in his home city (Khan Academy 3). Visitors paid to see
the art piece in the chapel. In 1521, Artists Gerard David and Albrecht Durer admired the piece and
made drawings of it (Jones 1). Through 1600's to 1900 an inscription was written on two donor
panels on silver strips discovered in 1823 (Khan Academy 3).
In the 20th century, during iconoclasm, the panels were endangered and damaged by fire. At the
time of war in 1934, some panels were being sold where others were being stolen from the
Cathedral of Ghent by Napoleon Germans. The stolen pieces included panels depicting St. John the
Baptist, and another depicting the Just Judges. The Germans had taken few of the panels during ...
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The colors thrown on a canvas or any art piece can brighten ones day. Moreover, art is a way to
express oneself, which can be done my laying it out on a paper, board, or a canvas. Art makes one
creative by enhancing their art skills and knowledge on art. After sitting through three art classes of
Renaissance and Modern Art, I am fascinated with the art pieces presented to us in class. I've seen
similar art works like the ones shown in class, but I never really focused on what the pieces of art
convey. There was this one painting presented to us where Gabriel was in Mary's room while Mary
was reading a book. I would have never assumed or guessed that Gabriel was there to tell Mary she
will be the mother of Christ. Therefore, art also consists of history and real life events, which can
broaden ones

Medieval Art And Architecture Of The Gothic Architecture
The term Gothic comes from Giorgio Vaasari, he used the term to ridicule the medieval art and
architecture. Putting the art aside, the architecture of the period was quite awesome, cathedrals stand
today as a testament to this. The Gothic style was birthed in France as the Romanesque style
evolved. The Saint–Denis was the first Gothic cathedral; it was designed Abbot Suger in 1144.
Gothic Cathedrals were marvels in their time as they towered above the cities, they frequently
reached over 150 meters tall. The Cathedrals were built with the intention of looking like a Latin
cross; the two parts that make up the Latin cross are the Nave and the transept. The three elements
that make Gothic cathedrals different from previous cathedrals are the Flying Buttresses, pointed
arches and the ribbed vaults. Although these items are cornerstones for what Gothic stands for, the
façade with the three door portals, the rose window and twin towers are what characterize French
Gothic cathedrals. The door portals are one of the main characteristics of the French Gothic façade.
The portal is part of the porch, which usually starts at the steps leading up to the cathedral. The
portals of the French façade are unique because of their deep recession and how ornate they are. The
façade (main entrance to the cathedral) of the French Gothic cathedral has three door portals, each
into a different section of the cathedrals. Each portal delivered a different message with its
stonework, this work

Medieval Art And Architecture In The Middle Ages
Art and Architecture of the Middle Ages
The art and architecture of medieval times deals with many movements, eras, in the art history.
Included in this period is Early Christian, Byzantine, Carolingian, Romanesque, and the Gothic
periods of art and architecture. The Medieval period is very complex, but a good overall review is
the distinctive natures of each era can be found at Age of Discovery, Medieval Art, Renaissance, and
the Exploration. An excellent overview of this period is at Early Medieval Art, an extensive art
history site that covers all areas of art history.
Art during the Middle Ages saw many changes up to the emergence of the early Renaissance period.
Early art subjects were initially restricted to the production of Pietistic painting religious art or
Christian art in the form of illuminated manuscripts, mosaics and fresco paintings in churches. There
were no portrait paintings in the art of the Middle Ages. The colors were generally somewhat muted.
The subject of Medieval architecture is also covered in this section. The following links provide
facts and interesting information about Medieval Art and Architecture and the famous artists of the
Middle ages.There were no portrait paintings. The colors were generally muted. The Later Middle
Ages saw the emergence of Gothic Art and the advances of art in the Middle Ages. During this
period artists broke away from the influences of the Byzantine and Romanesque art style. Artists in
the middle ages are Donatello,

Favoring Symbolism Over Realism In Medieval Art
During the Medieval period in art history, most artwork was created with a prime focus on the
spiritual world and symbology. Favoring symbolism over realism, Medieval artists, especially
painters, predominantly designed their works in the Byzantine manner–identified by an emphasis on
rigidity, hierarchy–of–scale, compact linear flatness and frontality, and idealistic character emotions.
As with much of Europe, Italy was dominated by this artistic style, which was regionally termed the
Italo–Byzantine style, throughout the Middle Ages. It wasn't until the turn of the 14th century that
artists from Italy and Europe abroad began a stylistic transition, heavily influenced by classical
tradition, that focused on naturalism; a style pioneered by

Jewish Art And Anti-Semitism During The Medieval Ages
During the medieval ages, the Jews were treated extremely disrespectfully and unfairly. Anti–
Semitism encouraged murder and the prosecution of many Jews. The art from this era shows the
negative impressions and anti–Semitic policies against the Jews. These policies were harsh and
humiliating. The Jews were forced to wear pointed hats and long cloaks with circular yellow badges
sewed onto their clothing. In order to point out their Jewish identity and distinguish them from
everyone else. The church blamed the Jews of offensive deeds such as killing Jesus and murdering
children, which was all shown in the art. The art also clearly reflects the anti–Semitism by showing
the cruelty and nastiness towards the Jewish nation.
Many anti–Semitic policies existed in the medieval ages to harass and punish the Jews, restraining
them from living in prosperity and peace. Harsh policies inflicted upon the Jewish population in
Medieval Europe, they are illustrated in the art from this period. Wearing a long cloak with a yellow
badge and a ridiculous pointy hat, are just a few of these strict policies. Pieces of art that
demonstrate these policies are, the painting with two men wearing cloaks and pointed hats (Page 27,
picture 5) and the painting with an old man wearing a badge on his upper body (Page 27, picture 7).
These pieces of art strengthen the policy by showing that the Jews were forced to wear different
clothing from the European citizens in order to humiliate and show their low

The Influence Of Arts And Education In Early Medieval America
Before its unification in 1870, the country now known as Italy was comprised of cities. These cities
were controlled and protected by the Holy Roman Empire until they won the right to govern
themselves in the 12th century. The foreign emperor's lack of attention allowed the cities to slowly
transform into city–states and begin to build their own culture. The 1200's became a time of many
changes for Italy. The promotion of the arts and education flourished throughout the city–states.
Medieval universities were founded across Europe in the 12th century. Only men were allowed to
attend, and were often members of religious orders working as clerics. These universities offered
two curriculums, trivium and quadrivium, to their small student population. Trivium, the most
popular, consisted of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. Quadrivium was composed of music, astronomy,
geometry, and mathematics. Some students went on to study medicine, law, or theology after
completing these curriculums. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Poetria Nova" by Geoffrey of Vinsauf was often used to help teach the desired curriculum.
Although most of his life remains a mystery, Geoffrey of Vinsauf played a huge role in developing
grammar in the early medieval grammarian movement in 1200. Because of its focus on ars poetria,
the movement was named preceptive grammar by James J. Murphy in 1971. Ars poetria, a
subdivision of grammatical art or ars grammatica, synthesizes both the grammatical and rhetorical
aspects of trivium. "Poetria Nova" not only used many of the methods created during this grammar
movement, but it helped explain the relationship between nature and art to

The Role Of Women In The Dark Ages
The Medieval Period was filled with tough difficult days where many people suffered and had
limited freedom. In the dark ages there was many factors that were involved such as feudalism , the
role of women in dark ages , religion in medieval england , and medieval arts and culture and the
legend of king arthur .This led to an economy always marked by poverty, sometimes famine,
extreme exploitation and wide gaps between rich and poor.
In the dark ages there were many changes from now days they were difficult times. The middle ages
was a period of massive social change, burgeoning nationalism , international. It was the crisis of
viking invasion however that bought a unified english kingdom into existence. By the 650 s almost
all the lowlands were under english control ( BBC) .They invaded and settled is obscure by 500
germanic speakers seems to have settles deep into britain . In 410 the emperor honours wrote to the
british romans instructing them to look to their own defence . After 350 years of roman rule as long
as seperates the present day from charles II (Gilbert) .
The role of women in the dark ages have had a few major effect to women that had no freedom , no
rights . Many women have died that have dedicated themselves to men and work . Once they have
had a kid the mothers would have dedicated themselves to the children . A major difference that the
dark ages was depending if the women were their rich or poor . If the women is rich the lady would
have a easy time

Medieval Art: The Good Shepherd
The Cleveland Museum of Art has many different collections on view ranging from African Art,
Greek and Roman Art, Contemporary Art, and Medieval Art. The work I chose is The Good
Shepard, which can be found in the Medieval collection in gallery 104. This work caught my eye
because of the medium that was used to make it, the formal elements within the work, the meaning
behind it, and the similar qualities to The Good Shepherd, Ornats, and the Story of Jonah. In today's
world everything is so fast paced that we don't take the time or advantage of learning about the art
that surrounds us.
The Good Shepherd was created in the late 3rd century. The sculptures measurements are (h:19 7/16
w:10 3/16 d: 6 3/8 inches). The overall medium of the structure ... Show more content on
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The overall medium of this ceiling decoration is paint. The Good Shepherd, Ornants, and the Story
of Jonah share many similarities with the sculpture The Good Shepherd. The biggest similarity is
that the same exact figure and space are depicted by the artist. The good shepherd is in the center
and is the main focus on the ceiling painting. The good shepherd is also the main and only focus in
the freestanding sculpture. Another similar quality is that the artist depicted the same traditional
image taking place, which is the shepherd carrying the lamb over his shoulders, which is depicting
the Good Shepherd as Jesus. Both of the works are also representing a Christian theme and relate
back to the bible verse "I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the
sheep." (John 10:11). (Marilyn Stokstad, p. 222) The biggest difference between both works is the
story behind them. The Good Shepherd painted on the ceiling doesn't just stop at the shepherd, it is
followed by the story of Jonah and the sea monster from the Hebrew bible. The Good Shepherd
Statue is almost left open ended, which gives the viewer the opportunity to image what's taking

How Did Medieval Art And Society Change
Art and society changed significantly from the fall of the Roman Empire through the rise of the
Ottonians. Early Medieval art was not entirely aesthetic. Art during this period symbolized one's
status, identity, education, and culture. Material was one of the major means of power and status.
Gold was a material that was precious and stood out. During this period, manuscripts were the
means of transmission for knowledge and were very costly. Monks and nuns in a work place called a
scriptorium made these books or manuscripts. A scriptorium is a room set apart for writing,
especially in a monastery. Books were written on animal skins, either vellum or parchment, and
required time and experienced labor. Vellum is animal material that was fine and

How Did Medieval Art And Performance Influence Medieval...
Performance was an especially important part of the practices of medieval Christians. Whether the
devotion was private or public, performance contributed to an increased level of adoration and piety.
It's important to quickly note, as Kessler does on pages 151 and 152, that art was traditionally seen
by Christians as a pagan invention, and was often thought of as a way to convert pagans to
Christianity. Art was also thought of as a way to communicate the stories of the bible to illiterate
laypeople. In terms of private devotion, many medieval theologists, like Gregory the Great, believed
that by simply being in the presence of pieces of Christian art, it was possible for the viewer to be
influenced to be pious. Art also had a place in liturgical

Origins Of Courtly Love
The History of Courtly Love The idea of courtly love originated with the troubadours, a group of
medieval entertainers during the late 11th century (Simpson). Courtly love was a special kind of
love that came to be associated with the romantic thoughts and actions of upper–class men and
women. The romance of courtly love was practiced during the middle ages and was combined with
the code of chivalry (Courtly Love). Origins of courtly love was obscure (Harpus 39). Literacy,
before it established itself as a popular real life activity, courtly love first gained attention as a
subject and a theme in imagination literature (Simpson). Origins of courtly love were to believe to
be in Aquitaine in France in the 12th century (Courtly Love). In the ... Show more content on
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Adulterous "fine love" almost by definition was extramarital (Simpson). As its name implies,
courtly love was practiced by the noble lords and ladies was known as Aristocratic (Simpson). King
Arthurs Camelot was shaped largely by the dual conventions of the chivalric code and courtly love
(Day 93).King Arthur was seen at the greatest monarch of the age ruled by the ideals of chivalry and
romantic love (Day 158). Around this time the Celts excessed (Fife 89). In late romance, Gawain
and the Green Knight was written in Lancashire dialect of the 14th century, while the Middle
English sizzles with eroticism (Fife

Art : An Important Center Of European Medieval Art
It is amazing how something that is recognized as an important center of European Medieval art is
looked upon by most of the world as a place where you can snap a cool picture of yourself 'leaning'
on the Tower of Pisa. A place detailed, yet decayed... a place with four monuments, yet recognized
as one center... a place representing life, yet death. The aura surrounding this square makes me just
want to sit on the grass and read or write or think. I just want the stony intricate building to envelop
my train of thought and allow me to live in a world hundreds of years before. I want the world to
appreciate art and to live in art and to see through art. I want the world to get off their useless, mind–
numbing gadgets and look up at the sky, or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The cathedral is absolutely stunning. But, I may view it differently than other people do. If you are
Islamic or Atheist, you may not view it as wonderfully as a Catholic or a Christian would. You
might even view it as ugly and unholy because that is what you were brought up to believe... but that
doesn't mean it is. This, again, applies with people too. Other's opinions should not affect you. You
should not let how other people
Kelly 2 perceive you ruin your self–esteem, or ruin how you feel about yourself. Your opinion of
your own self should be the only one that gets a say in the matter. Have you ever stopped and
thought about how people take into account what others will think about them with every move they
make? It is quite upsetting. Then, as I envision myself sitting in the grass, I let my eyes drift over to
the Baptistery and I begin to wonder about religion. I will admit I am very confused about this topic.
It is not that I don't believe in God and his teachings but it is not that I do either. How can curse
words be bad? How can a mixture of letters that come out of one's mouth be a sin? It doesn't make
sense to me. How can a person that does well all their life but does not believe in God be punished
to dwell eternally in Hell? I get the fact that if you do not want to have God in your life on earth
than why would you want to spend the rest of eternity with him,

How Did Gothic Architecture Contribute To Medieval Art
The Gothic architecture and art had contributed to medieval art in many ways. Medieval art was
used in a lot of Cathedrals that were considered Gothic art. Medieval art was an art that was spread
over Western Europe that expressed many different cultures, Christianity, and art movements.
Gothic art was started in France and then a hundred years later Western Europe had adopted to the
Gothic art during the Romanesque period. For the Gothic art it wasn't all so great. After a while
sometime during the 1400s gothic art began to die out in France but remained in England. Gothic art
was used to describe the style of buildings, it had also played a big part during the Age of the Great
Cathedral. The Early Gothic art was more of a sculpture and painting era while later the Late Gothic
era was based more on buildings and architecture. There were two type of Gothic ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Gothic style cathedrals were very large, they had the mosaics painted on the inside and sculpted
on the outside. They used a lot of characteristics from the medieval Romanesque period by using the
ideas of the groin vaults, large three–dimensional sculptures, clerestory windows, metalwork with
doors, and manuscripts. In the cathedrals the religious artwork in spread throughout the building
telling religious stories. The Gothic era also made sculptures look more realistic rather that how it
was done during the Romanesque period were they would be made out of wood. The Gothic style
leaned more towards the more natural and realistic side. It had also changed up the colors that would
be used using brighter colors, uses of shadow and light, uses of symmetry, changes in animals and
mythological scenes, and a development with perspective and proportions as well. Gothic style did
keep the form of the stained glass windows, metalwork with the bronze doors, and the

Art In The Middle Ages
Art of the Middle Ages In the Middle Ages their art was considerably different then a lot of the art
we have now. They had no portrait paintings and the color schemes were generally very subtle in
their work. Most of artwork during this time period revolved around religion themes. During the
Middle Ages up until the start of the Renaissance period, art saw many drastic changes through the
years. Three main types of art during this time period was Byzantine Art, Romanesque Art, and
Gothic Art. These art styles in the Middle Ages changed a lot throughout the years From 500 to
1000 AD Byzantine Art was the main form of art used. It began with the foundation of
Constantinople. This form of art was developed from the arts of the Roman Empire. Byzantine art ...
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This art came about during 1100AD to to around 1300 AD. Gothic art incorporated brighter colors, a
sense of perspective, and dimensions. Gothic art took a step toward realism. They began to use
shadowing techniques, incorporate light into their art, and also used symmetry. They also branched
out from religious paintings and art and started including animals, space scenes, and mythic scenes.
Examples of Gothic art include things like sculptures, metal work, and stained glass windows to
illuminated manuscripts, fresco, and tapestry/embroidery vestments. Because of its creative and
unique style through the years, Gothic art is categorized into three different age periods. Early, high,
and late Gothic style. In the early stage of Gothic Art things were mainly focused around enhancing
religious pictures and sculptures were used to help promote christianity. High Gothic Art focuses
more on the architectural aspect of advancing art. Late Gothic Art started to incorporate more of a
naturalistic aspect into things due to the blending of Italian and Northern European art. Throughout
the time period of the Gothic Art, things changed a lot just during those

Medieval Art Research Paper
Religion, Culture, and History
Welcome to the Museum of Medieval Art! Today we will take you on a guided tour to view four
religious artworks, two from the Late Antique era and two from the Early Byzantine era. Todays
topic will be how works of art express religious ideas and at the end of this tour you will be able to
understand why there is the transition from the physical depiction of Jesus in the Early Christian
artworks to a more divine depiction in the Early Byzantine. First we must start in during the Late
Antiquity period. Not many pieces of the Early Christian art works survived, therefore little is
known about them. However, the Christian artworks that remain we have inferred that many of the
creators may have not even been religious. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Our first piece is the choir apse of San Vitale with a mosaic of Christ, Saint Vitale, and Bishop
Ecclesius, Ravenna Italy, 526–547. During this period of time the emperor Constantine had
previously arisen and founded Constantinople and later, which is where we will begin, the emperor
Justinian arises. During the reign of Justinian we see the construction of the San Vitale church in
which there lies our first piece of art to discuss. The mosaic depicts the second coming and it has
Jesus sitting on the world and extending a wreath to the martyr Saint Vitalis. The artist here chose to
add a small landscape, but Christ is not in it. We can infer that this shows that the artists has a more
divine rendition of Jesus and we can see this also rendered in the separation of contact with the
saints. Between them and Jesus are angels preventing direct contact and we can see that the saints
hands are covered for the passing of the wreath as well. This piece shows the hardening of the
Byzantine style and the distancing of Christ that contradicts the views of the Early Christian's. This
is evident in the Byzantines choice of a gold sky over the Early Christians traditional blue one in
Galla Placidia. The artist chose a movement towards the divinity of Christ and he represents this in
the elevation. We can infer that this happened due to the imperial influences during the period and
we can see these influences reflected in the artists choice for purple robes that represent royalty and
present Christ as ruler of the

What Are The Major Accomplishments During The Middle Ages
The Renaissance is considered "the rebirth" or "the early modern period." This period in history was
a time of enlightenment, where some of the greatest poetry, medicine, discovery, art, and many other
achievements were accomplished during this time. In general, the world became a new place, but
still some ideas or beliefs stayed the same however, many new improved ideas and beliefs formed.
The Medieval period was not a good time to live. This period was rattled with plagues, darkness,
and malicious acts of inhumanity. Then the world began to change it began to grow, and the
diseases, the darkness, and the harshness started to crumble and disappear into nothingness.
However, it did take time to spread across all of Europe, but when the darkness ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The renaissance brought the world out of the dark ages and into the light. Today we still use
advancements that came out of this period. The Renaissance taught us many great ideas that if they
had not been found, I do not think that we would be living the same world, that is how much the
Renaissance affected

Why Stanley Was A Modern Architecture Or Medieval Arts?
Stanley was not particularly interested in architecture or medieval arts, so it was with a passing
glance that he absorbed the palace. He loved the finery and his eye immediately caught on anything
that glinted; silvery decorations casually placed like a treasure hoard, glazed ceramic engaged in the
soothingly geometric eddies of mosaics, and of course, the sparkle of fountains in the garden. Even
with the interest that he took in the compliments of wealth that he observed, he still felt slightly at
ease. It was when he glanced out of the colonnade towards the edge of the estate that he realized
how confined he was. The Chateau his family called home was set on the edge of a vast wilderness
and his school, like all the great academies, was positioned reclusively to prevent distraction from
the manifold education of Gearan elites.
Gao politely ignored the direct reference to the Imus and rolled his eyes at the concept of any garden
outside of the country being "famed." Gardens were a very serious undertaking in the South, nothing
to be trifled with by anyone less than an expert botanical engineer. Gardens, or at least what might
be called a princely garden, were constructed with the same attention to detail as a poet might attend
to his words. They were not exactly botanical in nature, but were instead built to be walked in as a
form of meditation. Golf had never caught on in Geara, so the green splotches that many countries
have to mark courses are filled with perfectly

Christ in Majesty Essay
Christ in Majesty
Christ in Majesty is a Romanesque fresco secco from the 12th century that was transferred to plaster
and wood. It was originally located in the apse of the Church of Santa Maria de Mur in Catalonia,
Spain but now is located in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston as a gift from the Maria Antoinette
Evans Fund. The fresco is a transition from Roman and Byzantine Art to Gothic Art. The artist of
Christ in Majesty utilizes his art to educate people in the doctrines of the Christian faith.
Christ in Majesty is a work of art made to emphasize religion and to teach illiterate people the
principles of Christianity. On the upper register one sees figures from the New Testament such as
Christ surrounded by the four symbols of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unlike Medieval painting, Roman painting does not have a specific scene to show nor a particular
doctrine to teach. Some scenes might denote the same theme, but the artist tries to individualize his
work by playing with the elements. In Romanesque painting the iconographical demands do not
allow artists to illustrate the same icons in different ways. To spread Christianity, the symbols need
to remain the same everywhere to make the message easier to understand. In Christ in Majesty the
halo is an example of the recurring iconographic element. A halo around someone's head means that
the person is a saint. Christ, the evangelists, and the Twelve Apostles have halos to point out their
religious significance. Individualization is no longer important on Medieval works because artists
focus on the expansion of the Christian message.
The figures in Christ in Majesty are less naturalistic than the ones in the Dionysiac mystery frieze
(second style Roman), located in the Villa of the Mysteries in Pompeii. The figures of Christ in
Majesty seem flatter because their outline is stronger than the ones on the Roman fresco. When the
artist outlines a form (a three dimensional figure), the form becomes a shape (a two dimensional
figure). The shadows in the Romanesque fresco are represented by thick black lines or by using
different tones. Under Christ eyes the spectator sees turquoise circles, instead of black circles.
Around the eyes of some of the Apostles, one can see shadows

The Importance Of Childhood In Medieval Art
Childhood is an important part of the life of an individual. This is because childhood determines to a
greater extent the behavior and personality of an individual in adulthood based on the environment
they are brought up. Ideally, every individual has some childhood memories of pictures in stacks of
albums in the house. This demonstrates the importance of childhood in the development of an
individual. However, ancient artists do not share these sentiments, as they did not portray the
importance of childhood in early paintings and pictures. Aries (1996) pointed out "Medieval art did
until about the twelfth century did not know childhood or did not attempt to portray it" (p.33, which
demonstrates that ancient artists did not view or assumed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The thirteenth century demonstrated or represented childhood in a concept closer to the current
representation. Childhood representation changed in the thirteenth century as art embodied aspects
of childhood compared to miniature small–scale representation. Ideally, the evolution towards a
realistic and sentimental representation of childhood begins with the childhood of Jesus. The
representation of Jesus on His mother's arms led to family representations that demonstrated
childhood characteristics. However, a more realistic and sentimental childhood representation
revolved around Jesus until the fourteenth century when the
Italian art helped to develop and spread an ideal childhood representation.
The gothic period produced yet another type of childhood representation. This period saw the
representation of a naked child. The previous representation seldom represented a naked child,
except in cases of innocence and death. The allegory of death and soul introduced child nudity in the
medieval period. Nonetheless, the concept of Holy Childhood continued to develop in both variety
and scope from the thirteenth century onwards. The progress of Holy Childhood showed the
progress of the idea of childhood that was lacking in the previous centuries.

Medieval Gothic Art
Medieval art is one of kind. Known for the darkness, empty interval between classical antiquity and
its rebirth. The view of the Dark ages/Middle Ages has gone from "benighted" to the "age of faith"
that includes several works of Art. Which leads me to Gothic and Romanesque Art with the
Barbarian period. Medieval Gothic Art is categorized in three different ages which are the early,
high, and late Gothic. In other words, how will Pop Art compare to historical art before the 20th
century (which is known as the fine art)? Pop Art is known to be outspoken, colorful, and
characterized with different characters and objects representing life. As I do research on these two
historical arts I wonder; what was the significant impact the 20th century Pop and Medieval art has
made. Medieval art was Christian art that symbolized the churches during this era, which dominated
western civilization from the fifth to the fifteenth. Within Medieval art there are several types of art
that help express the Medieval period. They are the early Medieval which is known as the Barbarian
period. The Romanesque where during the 11th and 12th centuries and Gothic is the largest set of art
that is broken down ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After Andy Warhol father passed he enrolled into the Carnegie Institute of Technology, where he
studied commercial art. At Carnegie Tech, Andy developed his own method of producing
illustrations with blotted lines by pressing wet link drawings onto another sheet of paper. This began
his career in America that allowed him to be featured in the summer issue of Glamour Magazine in
1949. This lead him to many more commissions and later made him the most successful artist in
America. What interested me the most with Andy Warhol is that he enjoyed illustrating
advertisements and food–related art. Since Andy did not want to be an illustrator he began painting
to show is his style of

Art And Development Of Gothic Art In The Middle Ages
During the medieval art period, the Roman Empire into many smaller polities' entities. The arts
prospered during the Middle Ages, which created its own aesthetic values and many influential
members were commissioned cathedral, churches, sculptures, painters, and manuscripts. European
art was a property of the Church, which is why they often use religious themes. Artist does not use
naked human body because the Church forbids it. Also, medieval arts had no balance, proportion, or
perspective. The images are "flat" and two dimensions due to the importance of spiritual figures in
the painting are larger than the less important ones. Gothic art was a style of medieval art that
developed in northern France out of Romanesque art in the 12th century. Romanesque art was an art
in Europe from 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 13th century.
The Romanesque style was the first style that spread across the whole of Catholic Europe and had
greatly influenced by Byzantine art. Painting during the Romanesque period has an outstanding
development due to a huge space of smooth walls that were suitable for the pictorial decoration.
Therefore, the painting was also subordinated art to the architecture. The interior of the churches and
cathedrals were made in Romanesque style and the paintings represent a great purpose and create a
strong impression on the spectator. One of the great painters was known as Berlinghiero of Lucca.
He was an Italian painter who painted the Madonna

Illumination In The Sioux Tribe
Illumination is a religion that is practiced by some Agrarian society. This religion is relatively small,
not a lot of people know about it. It is mainly practiced in the cities near the fertile crescent that
have a warm climate and fertile land good that is good for growing food. "The fertile crescent is a
roughly crescent– shaped area of relatively fertile land and agriculturally productive climate" (The
Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica). It is a relatively old religion. Illumination has been practiced
by the Sioux tribe for more than over 100 years. You can find the Sioux tribe all over the fertile land
of the fertile crescent. They believe that the land is fertile and the warm climate is due to their gods.
In the Illumination religion ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Illumination religion human and animal sacrifices are very important to them. They give
regular animal sacrifices to the gods to keep them happy and to continue giving fertile land. Human
sacrifices are only giving to the gods during the light festival. The light festival is the day where
they celebrate the gods for giving them the fertile land and night time. On the day of the light
festival they give five human sacrifices like in the myth. These sacrifices represent each of the five
gods that Zoltan sent down to help the Sioux out. All of the sacrifices are made in the light temple in
front of the statues of the gods, they see this as pleasing the gods. Prayer is also, another important
thing to the Illumination religion. They pray multiple times a day to the gods. In the morning when
they wake up, before they eat meals, and before they go to sleep at night. Most of the time when
they pray to the gods they are thanking them for everything they have done for them or asking them
for things that they need. They believe that by praying to the gods they will give them what they

Art Vs Medieval Art
When looking at history and the art produced throughout history, it is interesting to learn how it all
started and how it changed throughout the centuries. Starting with Prehistoric art leading to the
periods of Early Medieval and the Romanesque. Then when looking deeper at the art pieces created
throughout the centuries, something that stood out to me was how people were depicted and
idealized. Starting with the prehistoric art period, where there is only a few miniature sculptures that
depict women and men of that time. Then when looking at the Romanesque and Medieval art pieces,
the human body is more stylized and depicted differently. When looking at these types of aspects, it
makes me think about today and how people are either admired or judged for their beauty and body
image. Within this paper, I will be focusing on the major art periods that we learned and explain
how people were physically depicted and idealized, and reflect on how it is still seen today, within
society and their standards.
Starting with the Prehistoric period, where some of the earliest art images were created, people were
depicted in miniature sculptures and ceramic pieces. They were usually created small enough where
people could hold them in their hands and carry them around from place to place. Then when
looking at pieces like these, they would generally give basic depictions of characteristics within
facial features, while the humanly shape was something they focused more on. When looking at

The Heart : Reading And Writing The Medieval Subject
In "The Book of the Heart: Reading and Writing the Medieval Subject", written by Eric Jager, he
states that in the world of visual art in the medieval era, "book of the heart" was a commonly used
image. Mr. Jager point out the different trends the term "book of the heart" goes through. Focusing
on how the term went from literal to a commonly used figurative phrase, he tries to show how a
frequently used term made such an impact on the past and the present. Using medieval art, literature,
and other authors' works, he analyzes the use of hearts and books, to show how the term takes on
different trends. Jager examines the significance of the heart and how it was looked at as a book, and
then uses art and literature to corroborate his idea.
Jager's work is an interpretive work that reflects history of the use of language as a trope. Using a
book by Ernst Robert Curtius, he shows how the heart was used as a trope, but was deeply imbedded
in interior writing that went back to ancient times. Also, to use more recent work, Jager quotes
Jacques Derrida, when he said "a history of this metaphor had yet to be written". Linking the trope
with a platonic standpoint, I was reminded of St. Augustine. Jager, in a brief description, says that
hearts and books were things, which symbolized different signs. The things were the hearts and
books, while the sign was that the hearts and books represented a concept of knowledge, truth, and
totality.
Starting out, the heart was the central part of

Essay On Medieval Vs. Renaissance Art

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