The document discusses different types of essay items that can be used to assess students, including extended response and restricted response essays. Extended response essays allow students more freedom in their answers but are more difficult to construct and score. Restricted response essays place limits on the content and length of answers, making them easier to create and grade but providing less opportunity for students to demonstrate higher-level thinking. Guidelines for developing effective essay questions focus on relating items to learning outcomes and providing clear, consistent instructions.

1. B. Essay Items

2. ESSAY ITEMS TEST
• Assessing students’ ability to organize and present their
original idea.
• Demonstrate the ability to recall factual knowledge;
organized his knowledge; and present his knowledge in
logical and integrated answer.

3. ESSAY ITEMS
RESTRICTED
RESPONSE
EXTENDED
RESPONSE

4. B.1) EXTENDED RESPONSE
•Allows the students to determine the
length and complexity of the response.
•It is very useful in assessing the synthesis
and evaluation skills of the students.

5. EXTENDED RESPONSE
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Demonstrate learning outcomes at the
synthesis and evaluation levels
 Evaluate the answer with sufficient
reliability to provide useful measures
of learning
 Provides more freedom to give a
response to the question
 Provide creative integration of ideas.
 More difficult to construct extended
response essay questions
 Scoring is time consuming than
restricted response essay.

6. Examples of extended response essay question:
• 1.) Present and describe the modern theory of evaluation
and discuss how it is supported by evidence from the
areas of COMPARATIVE ANATOMY and
POPULATION GENETICS.
• 2.) From the statement,” Wealthy politicians cannot offer
fair representation to all the people .”What do you think
is the reasoning of the statement ? Explain your answer.

7. b.2) RESTRICTED RESPONSE ESSAYS
• Places strict limits on both content and the response
given by the students.

8. RESTRICTED RESPONSE
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Easier to prepare questions
 Easier to score
 Directly related to the specific learning
outcomes.
 It provides little opportunity for the
students to demonstrate their abilities to
organized ideas, to integrate materials
and develop new patterns of answers
 It measures learning outcomes at
comprehension, application and analysis
levels only

9. Examples of restricted response essay
question:
• 1.) List the major facts and opinions in the first State of the
Nation Address (SONA) of Pres. Benigno Cojuangco Aquino,.
Limit your answers to one page only. The score will depend on
the content, organization and accuracy of your answers.
• 2.)Point out the strengths and weakness of a multiple-choice
type of test. Limit your answer to five strengths and 5
weaknesses. Explain each answer in not more than two
sentences.

10. Guidelines in constructing Essay Test items
1. Construct essay question used to measure complex learning outcomes only.
2. Essay questions should relate directly to the learning outcomes to be measured.
3. Formulate essay questions that present a clear task to be performed
4. An item should be stated precisely and it must clearly focus on the desired answer.
5. All students should be required to answer the same question.
6. Number of points and time spent in answering the question must be indicated in
each item.
7. Specify the number of words, paragraphs or the number of sentences for the
answer.
8. The scoring system must be discussed or presented to the students.

11. Outcomes Sample Verbs Sample Questions
Comparing Compare, classify,
describe, distinguish
between, outline,
summarize
Describe the similarities and
differences between Philippine
Educational system and the
Singaporian Educational system.
Interpreting Convert, draw,
estimates, illustrate,
interpret, restate,
summarize, translate
Summarize briefly the content of
the second SONA of President
Benigno C. Aquino Jr.

12. Outcomes Sample Verbs Sample Questions
Inferring Derive, draw,
estimate, extend,
predict, propose,
relate
Using the facts presented, what is
most likely to happen,
when………?
Applying Arrange, compute,
describe, illustrate,
relate, summarize,
solve
Solve the solution set of the
equation X2 + 5x-24=0 using
factoring method.

13. Outcomes Sample Verbs Sample Questions
Analyzing Breakdown, describe,
illustrate, relate,
summarize, solve
List and describe the
characteristics of a good
assessment instrument
Creating Compose, design,
draw, formulate, list,
present, make up
Formulate a hypothesis about the
problem “Mathematics attitude
and competency levels of the
education students of U.E.

14. Outcomes Sample Verbs Sample Questions
Synthesizing Arrange, combine,
construct, design,
relate, group
Design a scoring guide in
evaluating portfolio assessment
Generalizing Construct, develop,
explain, formulate,
make, state
Explain the function of
assessment of learning
Evaluating Appraise, criticize,
defend, describe,
evaluate, explain,
judge, rate, write
Describe the strengths and
weaknesses of using
performance-based assessment
in evaluating the performance of