If the cornea is under 400 micron CXL cannot be performed safely.
The use of a hydrophilic contact lens adds 120 microns of corneal thickness and permits the treatment .
Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) is a post-operative condition that can occur as a complication of cataract extraction surgery and intraocular lens placement.
May be manifest in the immediate post-operative period or symptoms may not present for many years.
Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) is a post-operative condition that can occur as a complication of cataract extraction surgery and intraocular lens placement.
May be manifest in the immediate post-operative period or symptoms may not present for many years.
Role of eye bank and eye donation, indication and contraindications and steps of eye donation..
how to approach an eye bank , corneal storage methods before transplant and administration af an eye bank.
Management of Cataract for undergraduate MBBS Students.
Covers the basics of diagnosis of cataract, evaluation of a case of cataract and various modalities of treatment of cataract.
Also encompasses salient points for PGMEE.
Artificial lenses implanted in the anterior or posterior chamber of the eye in the presence of the natural crystalline lens to correct refractive errors. Phakic IOLs an evolving technique in the field of refractive surgery for the correction of moderate to high refractive errors. Patients with high myopia (above -10 diopters) constitute only about 2% of the myopic population but 13-15% of patients presenting for refractive surgery belong to this group. The increased knowledge on anterior segment anatomy and availability of better imaging technologies along with improved IOL designs and surgical techniques have led to higher success rates with these lenses.
Compared to corneal refractive surgery , phakic IOLs compete favorably for the correction of high ametropias, with excellent predictability, efficacy, safety and quality of vision.
Role of eye bank and eye donation, indication and contraindications and steps of eye donation..
how to approach an eye bank , corneal storage methods before transplant and administration af an eye bank.
Management of Cataract for undergraduate MBBS Students.
Covers the basics of diagnosis of cataract, evaluation of a case of cataract and various modalities of treatment of cataract.
Also encompasses salient points for PGMEE.
Artificial lenses implanted in the anterior or posterior chamber of the eye in the presence of the natural crystalline lens to correct refractive errors. Phakic IOLs an evolving technique in the field of refractive surgery for the correction of moderate to high refractive errors. Patients with high myopia (above -10 diopters) constitute only about 2% of the myopic population but 13-15% of patients presenting for refractive surgery belong to this group. The increased knowledge on anterior segment anatomy and availability of better imaging technologies along with improved IOL designs and surgical techniques have led to higher success rates with these lenses.
Compared to corneal refractive surgery , phakic IOLs compete favorably for the correction of high ametropias, with excellent predictability, efficacy, safety and quality of vision.
Construct Validity of the School Academic Optimism Scale among Elementary Sch...Jessica Harlan
Vaux’s (2015) investigation of academic optimism and its effect on school effectiveness prompted the use of confirmatory factor analysis to examine the stability of the School Academic Optimism Scale (SAOS) factor structure with elementary teachers from 67 school in Northern Alabama. The reciprocal nature of academic optimism’s subscales warrants further examination into the explanation of greater school effectiveness.
Pennsylvania Common Employment Myths: What You Don't Know Might Hurt YouCurley & Rothman, LLC
If you have specific questions relating to your employment rights it is always best to consult with an experienced Pennsylvania employment law attorney; however, take a moment to read through the following questions based on common employment myths to see how much you know about your rights. Learn more about Pennslyvania common employment myths in this presentation.
Система дистанционного обслуживания – инструмент для оптимизации процессов управления отношениями с клиентами через предоставление сервисов самообслуживания.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of implantation of Ferrara intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) in patients with corneal ectasia after refractive surgery.
A scan biometry | How to Use A-scan? Types of A-Scan Biometry?Naeem Ahmad
A-SCAN BIOMETRY | What is A-Scan Biometry? How To Use It?
A-scan is the short form of amplitude scan.
This eye ultrasound gives details about the length of the eye.
A-Scan is an essential diagnostic tool used in ophthalmology.
The measurement of the eye’s axial length through an A-scan is necessary for placing an intraocular lens (IOL, artificial lens) during cataract surgery.
The total refractive power of the emmetropic eye is approximately 60D. Of this power, the cornea provides roughly 40D, and the crystalline lens 20 diopters.
When a cataract is removed, the lens is replaced by an artificial lens implant. By measuring both the length of the eye (A-scan Biometry) and the power of the cornea (keratometry).
It may also be used to assess vision abnormalities and other diseases involving the eye such as tumors.
A-scan techniques are based on the principles of ultrasonography. Sound travels in a wave pattern. For a sound to be heard by the human ear, the frequency must be between 20 and 20,000 Hz (20 kHz).
For an eye examination through A-scan, an ultrasound of frequency of around 10 MHz is used.
To improve our knowledge of the effects of corneal cross-linking on the progression of keratoconus, we analyzed the changes in corneal topography after cross-linking treatment. We also examined various clinical parameters of the lacrimal function and the impact of the treatment on the levels of three tear biomarkers related to dry eye pathology.
The corneal topography remained stable throughout the study, and the lacrimal function was not affected. However, the study demonstrated, for the first time, normalization in the levels of two of the biomarkers (MMP-9 and S100A6) after the cross-linking treatment. The third biomarker, CST4, was unaffected.
Con objeto de profundizar en el conocimiento sobre la cirugía de cross-linking corneal y conocer si es capaz de detener la progresión del queratocono, se ha analizado la evolución topográfica corneal en el postoperatorio. También se ha evaluado diversos parámetros clínicos de función lagrimal y la evolución de tres biomarcadores en lágrima relacionados con la patolo gía de ojo seco.
La topografía corneal permanece estable a lo largo del estudio y la función lagrimal tampoco se ve afectada. Como novedad aportada por esta tesis se puede señalar el hallazgo de que se produce la normalización tras el cross-linking de dos de los biomarcadores estudiados (MMP-9 y S100A6). El tercero (CST4) no se ve alterado.
There is growing evidence of an inflammatory factor in the pathogenesis of keratoconus.
Could corneal cross-linking make any difference on its expression?
Curso de actualización en el manejo del queratocono impartido durante el 90 congreso de la Sociedad Española de oftalmología en Bilbao 1-4 de Octubre de 2014.
Juan Antonio duran de la Colina, catedratico de oftalmología de la Universidad del Pais Vasco.
Isabel Lema Gesto, profesor titular de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.
Jose Ignacio Recalde Yurrita, director en Clinica Oftalmológica Recalde ( Eibar ).
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Hemodialysis: Chapter 3, Dialysis Water Unit - Dr.Gawad
Escrs londres recalde jose ignacio
1. CROSSLINKING UNDER A HYDROPHILIC CONTACT
LENS IN VERY THIN CORNEAS.
( UP TO FIVE YEAR´S FOLLOW UP )
Jose I. Recalde
Juan San Cristóbal
Rafael Recalde
Iñaki Rodríguez-Agirretxe
Instituto Clínico-Quirúrgico de Oftalmología
University of the Basque Country
Bilbao, Spain
5th Eucornea Congress London 2014
2. • Six post-Lasik ectasia eyes (five patients) with very thin corneas, underwent
crosslinking following the parameters of the Dresden Protocol.
• As the cornea was not thick enough to fulfill the requirements of the
procedure, a contact lens was placed upon the cornea. This provided 150 µm
extra corneal thickness and the procedure could be performed as usual (albeit
through the hydrophilic contact lens).
• These patients, not eligible for CXL because the cornea was under 400 µm
thickness, would possibli have need of a corneal transplant in time.
• The procudures and postoperative course were uneventful in all the cases.
5th Eucornea Congress London 2014
3. 0.0%
16.7%
33%
17%17%
0%
17%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Loss 3 or MoreLoss 2 Loss 1No ChangeGain 1 Gain 2Gain 3 or More
%OfEyes
Change in Snellen Lines of CDVA
2 lines lost 17%
5th Eucornea Congress London 2014
RESULTS AT TWO, THREE AND FIVE YEARS ( TWO EYES IN EACH GROUP ).
Best corrected visual acuity improved 4 lines in one case, one line in one
case, remained stable in one case, decreased one line in two cases and
one case lost two lines
4. Safety
0
2000
4000
1 2 3 4 5 6
Endothelial cell count
PreOp PostOp
5th Eucornea Congress London 2014
No significant loss of endotelial cells was found in any case
5. Topographic changes in Kapex and Kmax
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58 Kapex
5th Eucornea Congress London 2014
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
Kmax
With three to five year´s follow up, topographic analysis demonstrated:
• K-apex mean deviation of 0.4 D (range 0 to 1).
• Mean deviation of K-max 0.6 D (range -0.8 to 2.6).
• Only one eye ( red line ) worsened at 5 years postoperative.
STABILITY
6. 5th Eucornea Congress London 2014
Conclusion
The apposition of a hydrophilic contact lens prior to the cross-
linking treatment, were we not able to swell the cornea by
other means, is a safe procedure; effective to contain the usual
worsening of the ectasia, according to the reported data.