Amit Parashar submitted a seminar on electricity generation to the Department of Electrical Engineering at APEEJAY College of Engineering, Sohna in 2010. The 3-page seminar document discusses the history of electricity generation, current methods used including turbines, reciprocating engines and photovoltaic panels. It also covers electricity production by country and some environmental concerns related to generation.
The document discusses various sources of energy including fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas. It notes that these fossil fuels store energy from the sun that was captured by ancient plants. Nuclear power generates energy from uranium and produces large amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel. Renewable sources discussed include solar, wind, tidal, hydroelectric, wave and geothermal power. Solar and wind power are driven by the sun warming the atmosphere. Tidal power harnesses the energy of tides. Hydroelectric uses falling or flowing water. Geothermal taps heat from within the Earth. The document also discusses pumped storage which stores excess energy and biofuels which can be produced from organic waste. Each source is summarized with
The document discusses various types of energy technologies. It begins by defining energy and its different forms like light, sound, and wind. It then discusses the history of energy usage by humans from the invention of fire to early power projects in India. The document also provides context on India's current energy sector, including facts around capacity, sources of energy like thermal, nuclear, and hydro power. It concludes by discussing new and future wind energy technologies like vertical axis wind turbines, turbines integrated into buildings, and windmills in different innovative designs.
The document discusses energy sources and climate change. It begins by explaining energy transformations in heat engines and power generation from fossil fuels. It then covers various energy sources like nuclear power, solar, hydroelectric, wind, and wave power. Greenhouse gases are discussed along with the greenhouse effect and evidence of human-caused climate change from increased CO2 levels. Predictions of global warming effects are also mentioned.
This document compares the fossil fuel natural gas to the non-fossil energy source of wind power. It discusses their pros and cons, including reliability, renewability, land use, transportation, impacts on the environment and climate change, and economic and social factors. Both energy sources provide benefits but also have disadvantages. Natural gas contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change while being a reliable source, while wind power does not emit greenhouse gases but can be unreliable depending on wind conditions.
Amit Parashar submitted a seminar on electricity generation to the Department of Electrical Engineering at APEEJAY College of Engineering, Sohna in 2010. The 3-page seminar document discusses the history of electricity generation, current methods used including turbines, reciprocating engines and photovoltaic panels. It also covers electricity production by country and some environmental concerns related to generation.
The document discusses various sources of energy including fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas. It notes that these fossil fuels store energy from the sun that was captured by ancient plants. Nuclear power generates energy from uranium and produces large amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel. Renewable sources discussed include solar, wind, tidal, hydroelectric, wave and geothermal power. Solar and wind power are driven by the sun warming the atmosphere. Tidal power harnesses the energy of tides. Hydroelectric uses falling or flowing water. Geothermal taps heat from within the Earth. The document also discusses pumped storage which stores excess energy and biofuels which can be produced from organic waste. Each source is summarized with
The document discusses various types of energy technologies. It begins by defining energy and its different forms like light, sound, and wind. It then discusses the history of energy usage by humans from the invention of fire to early power projects in India. The document also provides context on India's current energy sector, including facts around capacity, sources of energy like thermal, nuclear, and hydro power. It concludes by discussing new and future wind energy technologies like vertical axis wind turbines, turbines integrated into buildings, and windmills in different innovative designs.
The document discusses energy sources and climate change. It begins by explaining energy transformations in heat engines and power generation from fossil fuels. It then covers various energy sources like nuclear power, solar, hydroelectric, wind, and wave power. Greenhouse gases are discussed along with the greenhouse effect and evidence of human-caused climate change from increased CO2 levels. Predictions of global warming effects are also mentioned.
This document compares the fossil fuel natural gas to the non-fossil energy source of wind power. It discusses their pros and cons, including reliability, renewability, land use, transportation, impacts on the environment and climate change, and economic and social factors. Both energy sources provide benefits but also have disadvantages. Natural gas contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change while being a reliable source, while wind power does not emit greenhouse gases but can be unreliable depending on wind conditions.
Wind energy harnesses the power of wind using turbines, while coal energy burns pulverized coal in power plants. Wind turbines have little environmental impact and minimal hazards, but some oppose their appearance. Coal has significant negative environmental consequences such as air and water pollution. It also poses health and safety risks to miners and plant workers. While wind turbines have higher initial costs, coal energy has increasing mining expenses and wind power is becoming more affordable over time. Overall, the document concludes wind energy is cleaner, safer, and increasingly cost-competitive compared to coal.
The document discusses various sources of energy and methods of power generation. It covers both renewable and non-renewable energy sources, including fossil fuels, nuclear power, solar power, hydroelectric power, wind power, and wave power. For each method, it outlines the basic principles and transformations of energy, as well as the relative advantages and disadvantages.
Energy can be generated through renewable and non-renewable sources. Nuclear energy is produced through fission, which splits atoms to produce heat and steam to power turbines. Non-renewable energy comes from fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas, which take millions of years to form from ancient organisms. Renewable energy sources like wind, solar, geothermal and hydro do not run out and include growing technologies like wind turbines that convert kinetic wind energy to electricity through rotation. Wind power generation has increased significantly in recent decades.
Modern trends in non conventional energy sourcesShabbir Hussainy
This document discusses various non-conventional and renewable energy sources as alternatives to conventional sources that are being overexploited. It describes solar energy technologies like solar water heaters and solar cells. It also discusses wind energy from turbines, tidal energy from barrages, hydroelectric energy from dams, biomass energy from waste products, geothermal energy from heat within the Earth, and the potential to generate wind power from passing trains. These alternative energy sources provide more sustainable options to meet future energy needs.
This document discusses solar energy prospects and challenges in India. It notes that solar energy has significant potential to meet India's growing energy demands. However, large-scale adoption faces technical challenges including improving solar cell efficiency, integrating solar power into the electric grid, and developing affordable energy storage solutions. Additionally, the levelized cost of energy from solar is currently higher than from conventional sources. The Indian government has implemented policies like the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission to promote solar power, but progress in achieving targets has been limited. Continued efforts are needed to address challenges and make solar energy economically viable compared to coal and other fossil fuels.
The document discusses conventional and non-conventional energy resources. It defines energy resources as either renewable or non-renewable, and conventional or non-conventional. Some advantages of non-conventional resources include availability in nature, being free of cost, and producing little pollution. However, they are high cost to harness, availability is uncertain, and difficult to transport. India has significant potential for solar, wind, small hydro, and other non-conventional sources, but has developed only a small portion of this potential so far. Non-conventional resources will be important for India's future energy needs.
Wind turbines convert kinetic energy from wind into electrical energy through the rotation of blades connected to a shaft that spins a generator. The generator produces electricity that feeds into the utility grid. Wind power produces zero emissions and uses minimal water and land compared to other energy sources. While wind power has small environmental impacts, concerns include effects on wildlife from collisions with turbines and visual or noise pollution. The United States uses wind power because it is a clean, renewable, and cost-effective energy source that can supplement other forms of electricity production.
This document provides an overview of various renewable energy sources including hydro, wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal energy. It describes how each source harnesses natural resources to generate energy. For each type, it discusses their history of use, how electricity is generated, and examples of applications. The document aims to educate about renewable energy sources and their importance as clean alternatives to fossil fuels.
Different methods for Generating electricityHallybibi
The document provides information on various renewable and non-renewable energy sources, including their basic functioning, advantages, and disadvantages. It describes how fossil fuels, nuclear power, biofuels, wind power, hydroelectric power, solar power, geothermal power, and wave power generate electricity and discusses factors such as environmental impacts, costs, reliability, and sustainability.
Conventional sources of energy (power generation) 01Abha Tripathi
The document discusses India's power system structure and conventional power sources. It notes that power is primarily owned by state electricity boards and generated through thermal, hydroelectric, nuclear and renewable sources. Thermal power makes up the largest portion at 65% of total installed capacity, with coal being the primary fuel. Key components and processes of thermal, hydroelectric and nuclear power plants are described. Other conventional power sources like gas turbines and diesel engines are also briefly outlined.
Group 1 presented on various renewable energy sources. Their presentation included:
- Zeeshan Sajid discussed wind energy, how wind turbines work to generate electricity from kinetic energy of wind, and Pakistan's potential for wind power.
- Shakeel Ahmad explained factors that determine wind power capacity such as wind speed and turbine design. He also provided statistics on wind power worldwide and in Pakistan.
- Muhammad Bilal described geothermal energy, how heat from the Earth's core is used to generate electricity via geothermal power plants. He showed maps of global geothermal energy use.
- Touseef Ahmad explained solar energy, the two methods to harvest it (concentrating solar and photovol
India ranked sixth in the world for total energy consumption. While India has significantly increased its installed power capacity, it is still not sufficient to meet growing demand. This growing demand and limited fossil fuel resources mean non-conventional and renewable sources of energy are important for India's future energy needs. The Indian government plans to increase renewable energy capacity to 175 gigawatts by 2022, including significant additions of solar and wind energy. Renewable sources like solar, wind, hydro, and biomass accounted for about 16% of global energy consumption and are growing rapidly due to their environmental and financial benefits compared to fossil fuels.
Geothermal energy has been used for centuries to produce hot water for bathing and heating. Modern geothermal energy production began in 1904 in Italy when Piero Ginori Conti built the first geothermal generator. This generator powered some light bulbs and marked the beginning of geothermal energy production. The most common type of geothermal plant is the flash steam power plant, which was invented in New Zealand. This plant uses hot water reservoirs to produce steam and generate electricity. While geothermal energy has advanced, limitations remain around transporting heat over long distances and connecting plants to existing power grids.
There are several different sources of electricity that are described in the document. These include static electricity generated through friction, chemical reactions in batteries, heat and light acting on materials, pressure applied to crystals, and mechanical generation using magnets and rotating machines. Some common large-scale power generation sources are also outlined, such as hydropower from flowing water, nuclear power from atomic fission, solar power from the sun's radiation, wind power from kinetic energy of wind, and fossil fuel power plants that burn fuels like coal and natural gas. Geothermal power harnesses heat from underground, while tidal power uses ocean tides to generate electricity.
Electricity is generated by using another form of energy, such as coal, natural gas, nuclear, or renewable resources, to produce steam that turns a turbine connected to a generator; the turbine spins a coil of wire inside a magnet, creating an electric current; other methods of generating electricity include using wind, water, or solar energy to directly turn the turbine or create electricity via photovoltaic cells.
Sustainability with Regards to coal energy ProductionSangeen Jogezai
This document discusses the role of coal in sustainable energy production. It argues that coal will continue playing a major role in providing energy access to developing countries due to its abundant availability and low cost. While coal has disadvantages like carbon emissions and environmental damage, technologies like carbon capture and storage (CCS) and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) can reduce its carbon footprint. The document also summarizes Pakistan's energy crisis and its plans to use domestic coal reserves at Thar to increase power supply. It recommends using all energy sources, including coal with proper emissions controls, until renewable resources become more affordable and prevalent.
Coal is a black or brown sedimentary rock composed mostly of carbon and hydrocarbons. It forms from dead plant matter that is buried deep underground over millions of years and undergoes heat and pressure. Burning coal releases carbon dioxide and other pollutants and byproducts that contribute to issues like global warming and acid rain. While coal is inexpensive and abundant, it is also non-renewable and mining and using it damages the environment.
Wind energy harnesses the power of wind using turbines, while coal energy burns pulverized coal in power plants. Wind turbines have little environmental impact and minimal hazards, but some oppose their appearance. Coal has significant negative environmental consequences such as air and water pollution. It also poses health and safety risks to miners and plant workers. While wind turbines have higher initial costs, coal energy has increasing mining expenses and wind power is becoming more affordable over time. Overall, the document concludes wind energy is cleaner, safer, and increasingly cost-competitive compared to coal.
The document discusses various sources of energy and methods of power generation. It covers both renewable and non-renewable energy sources, including fossil fuels, nuclear power, solar power, hydroelectric power, wind power, and wave power. For each method, it outlines the basic principles and transformations of energy, as well as the relative advantages and disadvantages.
Energy can be generated through renewable and non-renewable sources. Nuclear energy is produced through fission, which splits atoms to produce heat and steam to power turbines. Non-renewable energy comes from fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas, which take millions of years to form from ancient organisms. Renewable energy sources like wind, solar, geothermal and hydro do not run out and include growing technologies like wind turbines that convert kinetic wind energy to electricity through rotation. Wind power generation has increased significantly in recent decades.
Modern trends in non conventional energy sourcesShabbir Hussainy
This document discusses various non-conventional and renewable energy sources as alternatives to conventional sources that are being overexploited. It describes solar energy technologies like solar water heaters and solar cells. It also discusses wind energy from turbines, tidal energy from barrages, hydroelectric energy from dams, biomass energy from waste products, geothermal energy from heat within the Earth, and the potential to generate wind power from passing trains. These alternative energy sources provide more sustainable options to meet future energy needs.
This document discusses solar energy prospects and challenges in India. It notes that solar energy has significant potential to meet India's growing energy demands. However, large-scale adoption faces technical challenges including improving solar cell efficiency, integrating solar power into the electric grid, and developing affordable energy storage solutions. Additionally, the levelized cost of energy from solar is currently higher than from conventional sources. The Indian government has implemented policies like the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission to promote solar power, but progress in achieving targets has been limited. Continued efforts are needed to address challenges and make solar energy economically viable compared to coal and other fossil fuels.
The document discusses conventional and non-conventional energy resources. It defines energy resources as either renewable or non-renewable, and conventional or non-conventional. Some advantages of non-conventional resources include availability in nature, being free of cost, and producing little pollution. However, they are high cost to harness, availability is uncertain, and difficult to transport. India has significant potential for solar, wind, small hydro, and other non-conventional sources, but has developed only a small portion of this potential so far. Non-conventional resources will be important for India's future energy needs.
Wind turbines convert kinetic energy from wind into electrical energy through the rotation of blades connected to a shaft that spins a generator. The generator produces electricity that feeds into the utility grid. Wind power produces zero emissions and uses minimal water and land compared to other energy sources. While wind power has small environmental impacts, concerns include effects on wildlife from collisions with turbines and visual or noise pollution. The United States uses wind power because it is a clean, renewable, and cost-effective energy source that can supplement other forms of electricity production.
This document provides an overview of various renewable energy sources including hydro, wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal energy. It describes how each source harnesses natural resources to generate energy. For each type, it discusses their history of use, how electricity is generated, and examples of applications. The document aims to educate about renewable energy sources and their importance as clean alternatives to fossil fuels.
Different methods for Generating electricityHallybibi
The document provides information on various renewable and non-renewable energy sources, including their basic functioning, advantages, and disadvantages. It describes how fossil fuels, nuclear power, biofuels, wind power, hydroelectric power, solar power, geothermal power, and wave power generate electricity and discusses factors such as environmental impacts, costs, reliability, and sustainability.
Conventional sources of energy (power generation) 01Abha Tripathi
The document discusses India's power system structure and conventional power sources. It notes that power is primarily owned by state electricity boards and generated through thermal, hydroelectric, nuclear and renewable sources. Thermal power makes up the largest portion at 65% of total installed capacity, with coal being the primary fuel. Key components and processes of thermal, hydroelectric and nuclear power plants are described. Other conventional power sources like gas turbines and diesel engines are also briefly outlined.
Group 1 presented on various renewable energy sources. Their presentation included:
- Zeeshan Sajid discussed wind energy, how wind turbines work to generate electricity from kinetic energy of wind, and Pakistan's potential for wind power.
- Shakeel Ahmad explained factors that determine wind power capacity such as wind speed and turbine design. He also provided statistics on wind power worldwide and in Pakistan.
- Muhammad Bilal described geothermal energy, how heat from the Earth's core is used to generate electricity via geothermal power plants. He showed maps of global geothermal energy use.
- Touseef Ahmad explained solar energy, the two methods to harvest it (concentrating solar and photovol
India ranked sixth in the world for total energy consumption. While India has significantly increased its installed power capacity, it is still not sufficient to meet growing demand. This growing demand and limited fossil fuel resources mean non-conventional and renewable sources of energy are important for India's future energy needs. The Indian government plans to increase renewable energy capacity to 175 gigawatts by 2022, including significant additions of solar and wind energy. Renewable sources like solar, wind, hydro, and biomass accounted for about 16% of global energy consumption and are growing rapidly due to their environmental and financial benefits compared to fossil fuels.
Geothermal energy has been used for centuries to produce hot water for bathing and heating. Modern geothermal energy production began in 1904 in Italy when Piero Ginori Conti built the first geothermal generator. This generator powered some light bulbs and marked the beginning of geothermal energy production. The most common type of geothermal plant is the flash steam power plant, which was invented in New Zealand. This plant uses hot water reservoirs to produce steam and generate electricity. While geothermal energy has advanced, limitations remain around transporting heat over long distances and connecting plants to existing power grids.
There are several different sources of electricity that are described in the document. These include static electricity generated through friction, chemical reactions in batteries, heat and light acting on materials, pressure applied to crystals, and mechanical generation using magnets and rotating machines. Some common large-scale power generation sources are also outlined, such as hydropower from flowing water, nuclear power from atomic fission, solar power from the sun's radiation, wind power from kinetic energy of wind, and fossil fuel power plants that burn fuels like coal and natural gas. Geothermal power harnesses heat from underground, while tidal power uses ocean tides to generate electricity.
Electricity is generated by using another form of energy, such as coal, natural gas, nuclear, or renewable resources, to produce steam that turns a turbine connected to a generator; the turbine spins a coil of wire inside a magnet, creating an electric current; other methods of generating electricity include using wind, water, or solar energy to directly turn the turbine or create electricity via photovoltaic cells.
Sustainability with Regards to coal energy ProductionSangeen Jogezai
This document discusses the role of coal in sustainable energy production. It argues that coal will continue playing a major role in providing energy access to developing countries due to its abundant availability and low cost. While coal has disadvantages like carbon emissions and environmental damage, technologies like carbon capture and storage (CCS) and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) can reduce its carbon footprint. The document also summarizes Pakistan's energy crisis and its plans to use domestic coal reserves at Thar to increase power supply. It recommends using all energy sources, including coal with proper emissions controls, until renewable resources become more affordable and prevalent.
Coal is a black or brown sedimentary rock composed mostly of carbon and hydrocarbons. It forms from dead plant matter that is buried deep underground over millions of years and undergoes heat and pressure. Burning coal releases carbon dioxide and other pollutants and byproducts that contribute to issues like global warming and acid rain. While coal is inexpensive and abundant, it is also non-renewable and mining and using it damages the environment.
Renewable resources such as solar, wind, water and biomass can be replenished naturally, unlike non-renewable resources like oil, coal and natural gas which are finite. Renewable resources provide nearly infinite energy but some options like solar are only available during daylight hours. Non-renewable resources produce little waste but are finite and their extraction and use pollutes the environment and contributes to climate change. Both renewable and non-renewable energy sources have economic and environmental advantages and disadvantages.
Natural resources can be classified as either renewable or non-renewable. Renewable resources like sunlight, wind, water and biomass can regenerate themselves over time, while non-renewable resources like fossil fuels and minerals exist in finite quantities and cannot be replenished once depleted. Some key renewable resources discussed include solar, wind, hydro and geothermal energy, each with their own pros and cons. Non-renewable resources outlined are oil, natural gas, coal and nuclear fuels, which all provide important energy but have limited supplies that will eventually be exhausted unless usage is reduced. Conservation of both renewable and non-renewable resources is important to ensure sustainable development.
This document defines and provides examples of renewable and non-renewable natural resources. Renewable resources like oxygen, wood, and water can be replenished within human lifetimes through natural processes. Non-renewable resources such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas take significantly longer to form and are finite in supply, being non-renewable on a human timescale. The document cautions that renewable resources are not endless, and provides context on misconceptions around resource renewability.
Renewable and non-renewable energy resources and the importance of energy conservation are discussed. Renewable resources include solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biofuels which can be replenished. Non-renewable resources like coal, oil and gas are limited and their extraction causes environmental damage. Conservation of energy through efficient use and recycling is emphasized to reduce pollution and delay depletion of non-renewable resources.
The document provides an introduction to renewable energy sources for power generation. It discusses various renewable energy technologies including wind and solar energy. For wind energy, it describes the technology behind wind turbines and key components. It also discusses solar photovoltaic and concentrating solar thermal plant technologies. The document then provides current installed capacities and scenarios for wind and solar energy in India.
This document discusses different forms of energy and their uses. It covers fossil fuels like oil, coal and natural gas, as well as renewable sources including solar, wind and hydroelectric power. Solar power can be generated through photovoltaic systems or concentrating solar power. Wind power is economically viable according to a university study. Hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of moving water through dams to spin turbines and generate electricity, though it can impact downstream water flow. Renewable sources may provide alternatives as fossil fuels are depleted.
Renewable energy sources include sunlight, geothermal heat, tides, wind and biomass. These sources generate clean energy without pollution or climate change. The main types are solar, wind, hydropower, biofuels and geothermal. Solar energy is captured through photovoltaic cells and solar thermal collectors. Wind energy is harnessed via wind turbines in wind farms, and hydropower uses the force of moving water in dams to generate electricity. Biomass and biofuels come from organic matter like plants, and geothermal taps heat from within the earth.
This document provides an overview of electrical power systems in India. It discusses different power generation sources including thermal, hydro, nuclear, wind, and solar. Thermal power accounts for the majority of India's installed capacity. The document also describes the basic workings of thermal, nuclear, hydro, and wind power plants. It notes that per capita electricity consumption in India is much lower than other countries like the UK and US.
The document provides information about sections and voters in an election. It lists the following sections and number of voters in each:
Section 1: Abdulhamid Ibrahim Jamal Ibrahim: 1 voter
Section 2: Abdelraziq Nabil Ahmad: 1 voter
Section 3: Ahmad Mahmoud Shihata Ahmad Abdallah: 2 voters
Section 1: Ahmad Said Hussein Abdelrahman: 1 voter
The document discusses different types of energy sources used for power generation. It classifies energy sources based on usability, traditional use, availability, commercial applications, and origin. Conventional energy sources include fossil fuels, nuclear, and hydro that have been used for decades. Non-conventional sources like solar and wind began large-scale use after the 1973 oil crisis. The document also provides details on hydroelectric, nuclear, solar, and wind power - discussing how each works, components involved, advantages and disadvantages. Schematics of typical power stations for each type are also included.
The document summarizes information about geothermal and nuclear energy. It provides details on how geothermal energy is harnessed from hot springs and used for electricity generation. It also discusses how nuclear energy works through fission and fusion reactions, and the use of uranium and plutonium in nuclear power plants and weapons. Advantages and disadvantages of both energy sources are outlined.
This document provides an introduction to electrical power systems in India. It discusses different sources of electrical power generation including conventional sources like thermal, nuclear, gas, and water as well as non-conventional sources like wind and solar. Thermal power from coal makes up the majority of India's installed capacity at 100,000 MW. The document outlines the basic processes of coal-fired thermal power plants and nuclear power plants. It also discusses hydroelectric and wind power generation systems. Key advantages and disadvantages of different power sources are summarized.
Electrical power can be generated through nuclear power stations. In these stations, nuclear fission of heavy radioactive elements like uranium-235 or thorium-232 produces huge amounts of energy. This energy is used to heat water and produce steam that drives turbines, which spin generators to produce electricity. The basic process is similar to fossil fuel power plants, but it does not produce greenhouse gases. Nuclear power stations have advantages like low fuel costs and small land area requirements compared to other power sources. However, they also have disadvantages such as high initial costs, radioactive waste production, and safety concerns.
The document discusses various sources of energy including fossil fuels, biofuels, hydro power, wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy, wave energy, and ocean thermal energy. It notes the advantages and disadvantages of each source, how the energy is captured or harnessed from each source, and potential environmental consequences of exploiting different energy sources.
This document discusses different methods of generating and transmitting electricity. It compares renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Non-renewable sources like coal, oil and gas are cheap but will run out over time and produce pollution. Renewable sources like solar, wind and hydroelectric do not produce pollution but have higher upfront costs and can be unreliable. Electricity is transmitted through the National Grid at high voltages to reduce power loss over long distances before being stepped down for homes. The cost of electricity depends on power usage and cost per kilowatt hour.
This document provides an overview of various renewable energy sources, including solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, hydroelectricity, biomass, and tidal energy. It discusses the definition, types, advantages and disadvantages of each energy source. For example, it notes that solar energy harnesses the sun's radiation through thermal or electric means, wind energy uses wind turbines to convert kinetic energy from wind into electricity, and geothermal energy utilizes heat from within the earth for applications like electricity generation and heating. The document aims to introduce readers to these important renewable alternatives to fossil fuels.
Solar and wind energy are important renewable energy sources. Solar energy harnesses the sun's radiant light and heat, with the amount of solar energy received by the Earth being twice as much as the total energy produced from non-renewable sources. Wind energy uses wind turbines to convert the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical or electrical energy. Both solar and wind energy have advantages such as being clean, abundant sources that do not produce pollution, but also have disadvantages like high upfront costs and unreliable availability depending on sunlight or wind conditions.
This document provides an overview of different types of power generating stations and the pollution they cause. It discusses three main types of power stations: thermal, nuclear, and hydroelectric. Thermal power stations, the most common, burn coal to create steam that turns turbines. Nuclear stations use uranium or thorium as fuel in nuclear reactors to heat water. Hydroelectric stations utilize the kinetic energy of falling or flowing water. The document then examines various types of pollution produced by power stations, particularly thermal plants, which emit carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ash, nitrogen oxides, and other particulates. It also explores the impacts of this pollution on air, water, land, ecosystems, human health, and socioeconomics.
TriVis provides engineering and management solutions for power generation clients. They have experience in design, engineering, construction, operations and maintenance for nuclear, petroleum, oil & gas, and other heavy industrial facilities. TriVis can staff various types of power plants, including steam, gas, wind, geothermal, coal, fossil fuel, nuclear, and hydroelectric plants. Nuclear power is described as safe, secure, clean, emission-free, affordable, reliable, and innovative for meeting energy demands. Specific examples are given of boiling water and pressurized water nuclear reactors as well as the Hatch, Farley, and Vogtle nuclear power plants.
The document provides an overview of electrical systems, including electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. It discusses various sources of energy used for electricity generation such as hydropower, fossil fuels, nuclear energy, wind, and solar. The fundamental principles of electricity generation through magnetism and the movement of conductors are also covered. Key stages of electricity generation including production of steam from heat and its use in turbines to power generators are described.
Renewable and non renewable sources of energyshubham gore
The document discusses various types of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. It provides information on different renewable sources including wind, solar, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass and tidal energy. It explains concepts such as how these sources generate and provide energy. It also discusses non-renewable fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas and how they are formed over long periods of time. The document aims to educate about various energy sources and their usage.
Electrics power plants generate electricity through various methods. Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission to heat water and produce steam to turn turbines. Thermal power plants burn fossil fuels to heat water and produce steam. Hydroelectric plants use the kinetic energy of moving water to turn turbines. Other renewable power sources include wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass. All power generation methods have environmental impacts that must be considered such as air and water pollution, land use, and effects on wildlife. Improving efficiency and transitioning to renewable sources can help mitigate these impacts.
Energy generated by using wind, tides, solar, geothermal heat, and biomass including farm and animal waste is known as non-conventional energy. All these sources are renewable or inexhaustible and do not cause environmental pollution. More over they do not require heavy expenditure.
Natural resources that can be replaced and reused by nature are termed renewable. Natural resources that cannot be replaced are termed nonrenewable.
Renewable resources are replaced through natural processes at a rate that is equal to or greater than the rate at which they are used, and depletion is usually not a worry.
Nonrenewable resources are exhaustible and are extracted faster than the rate at which they formed. E.g. Fossil Fuels (coal, oil, natural gas).
Energy is the ability to do work and exists in different forms that can be converted from one to another. A power plant harnesses energy to generate electrical power. It works by using a fuel to produce heat and turn water into steam, which spins turbines connected to generators. Nuclear power plants are a type of power plant that uses nuclear fission reactions in a reactor to produce heat and generate electricity. They have components like fuel rods, control rods, and coolant that work together to produce and control the nuclear chain reaction.
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical power that can be used to generate electricity. A wind turbine uses the wind to power a shaft that spins a generator to produce electricity. Wind power has the pros of being safe, renewable, and inexpensive but has the cons of being variable and producing noise pollution. Offshore wind farms help address these issues but are expensive to build and maintain.
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical power that can be used to generate electricity. A wind turbine uses the wind to power a shaft that spins a generator to produce electricity. Wind power has the advantages of being safe, renewable, and inexpensive to produce, but wind speed can be variable and unreliable. Wind turbines also produce noise pollution, though offshore wind farms help address these issues.
Similar to Environmental Science: Coal and Wind Power (20)
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
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- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
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Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
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Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
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In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
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Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
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Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
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Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
2. Coal Energy Wind Energy
Coal is a widespread source of energy, it is Wind Energy is used all over the world, the top
found on all continents. The largest areas countries which use Wind Power as an energy
which have Coal are Russia, USA, and China. source are China, US, and Germany.
Wind energy is a renewable energy source, it is
Coal is a non-renewable fossil fuel. It is
the process in which wind is generated into
created from dead and decayed matter which
has been formed millions of years ago. electricity with the use of wind turbines.
When coal goes through the process of It is a reliable, efficient, and clean source of
combustion, that heat released can be
energy producing no emissions. Wind farms
transformed into electricity, which occurs in a
Power Plant. There are different forms of coals cannot be built anywhere, they need a place
available, with some more useful than others. with wind.
The wind farm of Waubra is located in
While Coal is the major energy resource for Victoria, 35km north-west of Ballarat. Wind
Australia, it is the type of energy source that farms contribute little to the enhanced green
contributes greatly to the Green House Effect. effect but pose quite a few impacts on the
society and the environment around wind
Victoria’s Hazelwood Power Plant mines farms.
Brown Coal (This isn’t the most efficient coal).
Coal is cheap but using it as an energy
resource creates a great threat to the
environment as well.
http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/fil
3. Coal Energy
Coal is a combustible type of rock made out of carbon and hydrocarbons. It is a non renewable
energy source as it takes millions of years to create. Dead and decaying matter – mainly
plant, after years and years the decaying matter slowly became buried under water and dirt. This
trapped the energy of the dead and decaying matter. Heat and pressure from all the weight above
(soil and water) formed the remains into coal.
Electricity (The
Combustion (Burning turbine is connected
Mechanical Energy
Chemical Energy in a Boiler, which to a generator which
(Steam then rotates a
(Coal) created very hot changes the
turbine)
steam) Mechanical energy
into electricity) )
The efficiency of Coal as a energy source is 25%-30% efficient.
1) Coal is first mined (Open cut mines are common in Victoria and Australia) and then taken to a
Power Plant, such as the Hazelwood Power station, located in Lab Trobe Valley.
2) The coal then goes through the process of combustion which takes place in a boiler. Coal burns
in a boiler, the water in the boiler pipes create high pressured and hot steam.
3) The high pressured, hot steam then moves through pipes and ends up in a turbine.
4) The steam moves the blades of the turbine.
5) The turning blades of the turbine, turn a shaft which is connected to the generator.
6) The generator has big magnets which spin the coils of wire.
7) Electricity is produced through the wires.
8) This electricity is then transferred to a power grid, then through transformers which reach our
homes, buildings etc
Img: http://resources3.news.com.au/images/2011/02/21/1226009/610975-
hazelwood-power-station.jpg
4. Wind Energy
Wind is generated into electricity with the use of wind turbines. It is the process of:
Electricity
Mechanical Energy (Generator –
Kinetic Energy
(Runs through a transformation of
(Wind)
Turbine mechanical energy
into electricity)
This conversion of energy is around 35-45 % efficient.
1) Wind Power plants, such as Waubra Wind Farm use large spinning blades. Air pushes against
these blades, in which these blades rotate. Some of the air from this rotation is captured as Kinetic
Energy.
2) Kinetic Energy from wind which then goes through the process of Mechanical energy from turbine.
3) It is then is transferred into a generator which converts the Mechanical Energy into electricity.
4) It runs through an electricity grid, which makes the power available to households.
http://www.flickriver.com/places/Australia
/Victoria/Waubra/
5. Hazelwood Power Station Wind Farm of Waubra
Australia has around 38 Coal Power Plants in
total, of which 9t mines. Hazelwood Power Victoria has around 7 sites of Wind Farms.
Station is located in La Trobe Valley, 150km Waubra Wind Farm is located 35km north-west
east of Melbourne. It is owned by of Ballarat. It is owned by Acciona Power, and
International Power and was completed in was created in 2009. The wind farm consists of
1971. are located in Victoria. They are all 128 wind turbines in which each turbine has 1.5
open cu MW and provides a total capacity of 192 MW.
The power generated by Waubra Wind Farm
provides enough energy for 143,000
It provides 25% of Victoria’s energy needs households.
and 5.4% of Australia’s energy needs.
Hazelwood has also aimed to improve
efficiency with their energy production, this
has resulted into a decrease in Hazelwood’s
C02 intensity.
Google maps Google maps via
6. Environmental Impacts of Coal
Major contributor to the enhanced Green House Effect: Coal is mainly used to produce electricity, as coal goes through the
process of combustion, the generators release Carbon, including Carbon Dioxide - which is the largest contributor to
the Enhanced Green House Effect. As generators release carbon, all the carbon trapped within the coal millions of
years ago is now released back into the atmosphere again.
Hazelwood Power Station is not the Power Station that produces the most carbon Dioxide. This Power Station is releasing
around 16million tonnes of Carbon Dioxide a year (Second largest out of the La Trobe Vallery stations), this is 3% of
Australia's, and 13% of Victoria's emissions. Hazelwood has been aiming to improve their efficiency, and has reduced
it's the strength of green house released by 10% since 1996.
Dangers to miners: Workers mining coal are faced with the dangers of suffocation ( from Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen
Oxides), gas poisoning, roof collaspes, and gas explosions.
The illnesses of Pleural and Peritoneal Mesothelioma (form of cancer) were found to be seven times higher with people
who worked in the power industry than Australia's national average. In the past, miners working in La Trobe Valley
were exposed to asbestos as it was used widely in their construction. An estimated number of 146,000 employees of
1921-1980 of the Hazelwood Power station were exposed to the Absestos.
Disturbance of Land and wildlife:
Open cut mines (Hazel Wood Power Station) change the land (destroys the quality, sometimes making it useless for other
purposes) as the mining operations remove the soil and rock above all the coal. Mining operations also cause
disturbance to all the wildlife that live in the area.
Pollutants: Coal Power Stations release mercury - a toxic heavy metal into the atmosphere.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/
Rally_October_2010_Hazelwood_power_station.JPG
7. Enhanced Green House Effect of
Coal
As stated on the previous slide, Coal Power releases a great amount of Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere. It
has a 40% contribution to the Enhanced Green House Effect.
While Hazelwood Power Station does release Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere, they have been aiming to
improve their efficiency in running the station, this has resulted into a 10% drop into the strength of green
house being released. (Since 1996)
Hazelwood Power station has created a management appointment named, “IPR-GDF SUEZ” which aims to
have a reduction in green house gases. They have agreed on a “Green House Reduction Deed” with the
Victorian State Government. They have also signed a “Generator Efficiency Standard” Deed in which they
will continue to aim for thermal efficiency improvements during the time the power station is running.
The Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act of the US is a strategy that aims for industries to reduce the
pollution released into the air and water. With Coal Power Plants they have found a way through the use of
technology to reduce the Sulfur and nitrogen oxides. They have also found a way to clean coal after it’s
mined, in a way that doesn’t harm the environment as much. (Technology that cleans the coal and makes it
more energy efficient so less needs to be burned.)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons
/2/24/Rally_October_2010_Hazelwood_power_
8. EnvironmentalImpacts of Wind
Environmental Impacts of Wind
Power
There are a few issues that have been brought up with the use of wind farms.
http://www.flickriver.com/places/Australia/Vic
a/Waubra/
Noise: There is a significant amount of noise generated from the use of wind turbines. But like all mechanical systems, they produce some amount of noise
Earlier wind turbines were much more noisier than the ones we have now as there have been improvements made to the overall design of wind turbines to
noise.
Wildlife: Wind Turbines cause an affect to the wildlife, this is particularly common with bats and birds as they often fly into the turbines and get killed. Trees
also affected, as they are needed to be cleared for the creation of wind power plants.
To help reduce this, Acciona Power (Waubra WInd Farm) has put in certain monitoring programs for vegetation and species such as bats. In 2006 Acciona
organized a 'Bats and Avifauna management plan' to manage and monitor any possible impacts of bats during the wind farms operation. Studies also took
in which they came to the conclusion that the site risk of birds and bats was very low.
Every two years a monitoring program is required as part of the wind farm permit.
Acciona Power has also conducted a survey on the possibility of Brolgas living in the site. They surveyed the local land owners asking if there were any sig
of Brolgas around. The survey and previous surveys have found that it is unlikely for the Waubra Wind Farm site to be an area where they breed. They will
continue to monitor and manage Brolgas, though.
Appearance: Some people find wind turbines unattractive. But some wind farms, actually have areas in which tourists can come and visit. Waubra Wind Fa
a viewing platform located off Sunraysia Highway in which tourists and view the wind farm.
Safety: While wind farms do not produce pollution, they still may cause safety issues with their construction, operation and maintenance.
There is a risk when installing wind turbines, workers death are usually caused by falling or being caught in the machinery.
If a turbines break is doesn’t work. it can continue spinning freely and cause fire. Sometimes it is hard to stop these fires as the turbines are placed very hig
These fires can release toxic fumes. There are now designs in which when a turbine catches fire it will extinguish it automatically.
9. Enhanced Green House Effect of
Wind Power
Waubra Wind Farm’s energy production, and Wind Power in general, contributes very little to the
enhanced green house effect as it produces no pollution and emission. It does not release carbon
dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, mercury or any other types of air pollution.) into the air. Wind power does not
need the use of fuel and water, either.
"In 2010 estimated wind energy generation saved Australia 5,100,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide. That is
equivalent to the removal of 1,133,000 cars from our roads. As an additional environmental benefit, no
water is needed for wind farm operation. "
[http://www.cleanenergycouncil.org.au/cec/technologies/wind.html]
Wind farms are able to help cut down green house emissions. Waubra Wind Farm offsets around
635,000 tonnes of green house gas each year.
http://www.flickriver.com/places/Australia/Victo
a/Waubra/
10. Disadvantages & Advantages
Coal Advantages Wind Power Advantages
Cheap to produce compared to • Efficient and Clean - contributes
creating electricity from renewable very little to the Enhanced Green
energy sources. (Affordable) House Effect. Does not emit Carbon
Reliable Dioxide.
• Does not use water.
We have the technology
• Basically free energy, cost is all in
Widespread (Available in many
places; each continent has reserves the construction of the Win
of coal) Turbines/Farms.
• It is a renewable energy source, as
long as there is wind. (It will not run
Coal Disadvantages out)
Burning coal causes a large amount • A number of Wind Farms found in
of Carbon Dioxide released into the Victoria.
atmosphere contributing to the
Enhanced Green House Effect
Wind Power Disadvantages
Burning it also produces pollutants.
Wind is not available 24/7
It is not an unlimited suppy. (Non-
renewable) Cost is expensive in Building Wind
Farms.
Miners are prone to health risks
(pollution and gases on site) Wind Turbines cannot be built
anywhere, they need a to be built
Land/Plant/Wild life destruction with a place with a lot of wind.
Coal Power Stations is not limited in Causes death to wildlife, such as
which areas in can and can’t be birds and bats.
built.
Generates noise, which some
people do not like.