Environmental impact assessment of cement. How the cement types impact our invironment and show its values.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF
CEMENT PLANT___ A Case Study (3000 TPD)
BY
Prof. DR. JAHANGIR DURRANI
IQRA NATIONAL UNVERSITY
PESHAWAR

4. Attock waste recovery project cement
plant

5. INTRODUCTION
• FAUJI Foundation of Pakistan
– Cement Plant in Attock District
– EIA__Conducted by
• EGC PVT. Lahore
• ETC of UK
– Funding Agency__ ADB.
– Manufactured FL Smith & Co. Denmark.
– Project Approval granted under Pakistan
Environmental Protection Agency.

6. MAIN OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
• To identify and evaluate Environment Impacts.
• To recommend Appropriate Mitigation
Measures.
• To propose Monitoring plans to ensure
compliance with NEQS.

7. • Time of completion__ 4 months
• EIA Team__ 10 Professionals
• Input on physical resources:
– Air, Water and noise pollution control.
– Socio economic aspects.
– Agriculture.
– Wild life and forest matters.
• Format of report__ ADB (1988).

8. EIA: FORMAT FOR THE ORGANIZATION
OF EIA REEPORT
• EIA report Format:
– 1. World Bank(1989).
– 2. Asian development Bank (ADB).
– They have detailed guidelines.
• Pakistan: Performa in EIS given by PEPA to
carryout planning industrial activities which
might endanger the envt.
• The form contains 10 questions. It should be
concise & focus significant envtal. Issues.

9. – Drawbacks of this format: ecological & sociological
impacts of proposed project left out.
• Word Bank/ADB formats satisfy with the
minimum requirements of the national
(Pakistan) EIA format. Therefore it can be
followed.

10. Project Description:
• Location ___ In Attock Dist. Near Jhang village.
• Area ___ 48 ha.
• Lime stone, Clay ___ Available.
• Gypsum ___ From outside.
• Water use ___ 2300 m³/d.
• Water source ___ 4 potential Sources.
• Fuel Consumption ___ 240 TPD (Furnace oil or Fuel,
Attock Oil Refinery).
• Fuel Sulphur content ___ 3%.
• Power ___ WAPDA.

11. Project Description:
• Process ___ Dry Kiln.
• Stack Ht. ___ 100m.
• Max- emissions ___ 7030 m³/min at 97 ºC.
• Exit velocity ___ 15 m/Sec.
• Dust Control ___ ESP, Bag filters.
• Max. TSP emissions ___ 50 mg/Nm³ wet.
• Plant construction time ___ 33 months
• Work Force- 400 ̶ 500 persons.

12. OPERATIONALACTIVITIES:
• Transport of raw material & fuel Oil (Furnace oil).
• Delivery of final product.
• Maintenance.
• Security and emergency Operations.
• Lab and Admin. works.

13. LEGISLATIVE, REGULATIVE
CONSIDERATIONS:
• Location ___ OK
• Attain NEQS, National & Int. National Standards.
• Health and Safety of Local communities & Plant
workers.
Environmental Considerations:
• Study Area ___ 10 km radius of Plant Location.
• Methods ___ Field visits, ambient air and water quality
monitoring, Socio economic Survey.

14. Main Aspects of Survey:
• Site ___ Hills and plains ___ silt, Deposits of clay near
site.
• Meteorological Data ___ Last 30 yrs ___ collected and
used in Air pollution ___ Computer modeling prediction.
• Ambient air quality measurements ___ 10 sampling sites
in project area
• Noise Measurement ___ 5 Sites.
• Sources of Pollution ___ Stone Crushers, Brick kiln and
vehicular traffic.

15. Main Aspects of Survey:
• Sources of water ___ Shahpur Dam (10 km).
• No receiving body of water.
• G.W used for Domestic And Agriculture purposes.
• Present use of Land site ___ Animal grazing.
• No endangered ___ wild life species exists.

16. Socio economic Survey:
• Population ___ 52500 persons (660 person/km²).
• Dry farming ___ Wheat.
• No Industrial Development.
• Village road to join G.T Road.
• Electricity & water, primary & sec. education not
available.
• Gas, sanitation, medical, recreation not available.
• Animal Husbandry.
• No historical & archeological sites.
• More people favoured for the plant for better
employment Opportunities.

17. Environmental Impacts of the project
a) Topography and soil:
• Amount of soil excavated and back filled → 28000
m³
b) Air Quality and pollution:
• Dust emission
• Spray on roads
c) Noise
d) Water Pollution:
• Disposal of waste water from houses of workers.

18. Environmental Impacts of the project
e) Ecological factors:
• No significant areas of nature conservation.
f) Socio-cultural factors:
• Shift from Agri- to non Agri activities.
• Establishment of commercial activities.
• Migration ̶ Boost local economy.
g) Land use:
• Proposed area ̶ 100 ha
• Change in land use ̶ Agri ̶ to cement plant and
residential.

19. Environmental Impacts of the project
• Overall effect is not significant.
h) Traffic generation:
• Traffic flow → Congestions → Accidents & losses
• Widening of roads.

20. Impacts during operations
a) Topography of the soil:
• Quarrying ̶ Changes topography
• Control ̶ Development plan of the area.
b) Air quality and pollution:
• Quarrying operations, grinding and handling of raw
materials → particulate emissions
• Kiln operations → Dust, CO₂ and Nox
• Pose danger to human, plant and ecosystem

21. Impacts during operations
• Proposed activity emits:
1. Particulates → 510 TPD
2. SO₂ → 21.75 TPD
3. Nox → 3.9 TPD
• ESP and bag filter → Reduce TSP (< 50 mg/Nm³
< NEQS ).
c) Water Pollution:
• WW flow from plant and colony is 1400 m³
• BOD = 175 ̶ 225 mg/L
• Planned sewerage system is necessary

22. Impacts during operations
d) Solid wastes:
• Adequate provision of SWM.
• Recycling of dust from ESP and bag filter.
e) Ecological factors:
• Overall effect is not significant.
f) Socio cultural factors:
• Creation of new jobs & economic uplift.
• Improvement of infrastructure
• Better sanitation and hygiene
• Some health risk to workers

23. Impacts during operations
g) Land use:
• Change in land use
• Agri. to commercial / industrial / residential
• Increase in land prices
h) Economical impacts:
• Increase in standard of living of people
• Additional income ̶ Rs. 16.5 Million from
employees
• Cost of appreciation of land
→ Rs. 50,000 to 70,000 per ha

24. Alternatives
a) Site selection:
• 6 alternate. sites selected
• Proposed site is most appr. on economic , strategic
and environmental grounds
b) Air pollution control technology:
• ESP and bag filter
c) Stack Height
• Air pollution modeling confirms 100 m

25. Mitigation Measures
1. Buffer zone between plant area and quarry area.
2. Development of clay excavation plan should include
drainage.
3. Widening of approach roads.
4. Submission of temporary housing plan for const.
workers.
5. Storage areas for construction material, fuel and
chemicals
6. Treatment of waste water.
7. Disposal of SW in SLF (sanitary land fills) in clay
excavation area.

26. Mitigation Measures
8. Maintenance of ESP
9. Noise control by enclosures / barriers.
10. Masks and ear plugs for workers.
11. Fire fighting and medical centres.
12. Management of quarrying operations.

27. Monitoring
• Environmental monitoring plan.
• Maintain complete record and air pollution control
equipment.
• Intermittent monitoring for noise levels.
• Regular sampling and analysis of domestic water
supplies; surface waters.

28. Thank you