Early Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients is the best for helping early recovery, decreasing hospital stay and decreasing malnutrition in ICU
How? When? Formulas used? Access forms?
Early Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients is the best for helping early recovery, decreasing hospital stay and decreasing malnutrition in ICU
How? When? Formulas used? Access forms?
The presentation has three parts: UNITE for Diabetes Philippines CPG recommendations on medical nutrition therapy (MNT), improving adherence to MNT and use of SMS.
this presentation is about what is enteral feeding and how it is being carried out etc., it also gives information about classification based on duration of feeding. there is an information about infusion techniques and the time required for it.
This presentation deals with the various approaches of medical nutrition therapy in Diabetes, comparison of the ADA, RSSDI and ICMR guidelines. It also talks about the various calorie counting apps as well.
this is a detailed presentation on the principles of surgical nutrition. the presentation started with surgical metabolism and epidemiology of malnutrition in surgical patients. Furthermore, the aetiology of malnutrition was discussed in surgical patients. Finally, the various types of nutritional support, enteral and parenteral, was discussed under indications, types, access, advantages, disadvantages, complications and monitoring.
The presentation has three parts: UNITE for Diabetes Philippines CPG recommendations on medical nutrition therapy (MNT), improving adherence to MNT and use of SMS.
this presentation is about what is enteral feeding and how it is being carried out etc., it also gives information about classification based on duration of feeding. there is an information about infusion techniques and the time required for it.
This presentation deals with the various approaches of medical nutrition therapy in Diabetes, comparison of the ADA, RSSDI and ICMR guidelines. It also talks about the various calorie counting apps as well.
this is a detailed presentation on the principles of surgical nutrition. the presentation started with surgical metabolism and epidemiology of malnutrition in surgical patients. Furthermore, the aetiology of malnutrition was discussed in surgical patients. Finally, the various types of nutritional support, enteral and parenteral, was discussed under indications, types, access, advantages, disadvantages, complications and monitoring.
After this presentation, you should be able to:
Critically evaluate the scientific rationale regarding dietary Na+, P, K+, and fluid restrictions in HD patients, and why these restrictions may be misguided.
Better communicate with HD patients and clinic staff the nuances of these dietary restrictions.
Promote efficacious physical activity programs for hemodialysis patients.
In the changing scenario of pharmacy practice in India, for successful practice of
Hospital Pharmacy, the students are required to learn various skills like drug distribution,
drug dispensing, manufacturing of parenteral preparations, drug information, patient
counselling, and therapeutic drug monitoring for improved patient care
Principles of Minimal Invasive Surgery or Laparoscopic SurgeryUthamalingam Murali
This topic - Principles of Minimal Invasive Surgery [MIS] is very important for the MBBS Students, as they have to know the basic principles of Laparoscopy before entering into OT. Only then, they can understand the concept of MIS as well as the procedure being done. Moreover this topic is now being included in the syllabus of MBBS Course as well.
his topic - Intestinal Obstruction is very important for final year MBBS - Students & the Medical Officers, as it is one of the commonest causes of Acute Aabdomen. The PPT - contains the classification, common causes, clinical features & management aspects of Intestinal Obstruction. Also, highlights the differentiating features of Plain X-ray abdomen of Small & Large Bowel Obstruction.
This topic is very important for an MBBS Students as it is one of the common cases a Medical Officer will come across during their Surgical Postings. Moreover it is always a Debate in treating the patient either an Physician or a Surgeon...Always it is one of the Devastating conditions of abdomen...
This topic comes under the category - Venous Diseases. It is very important for a 3rd year MBBS Student to know about Varicose Veins, which is one of the commonest diseases encountered among out-patients.
This topic is under the Chapter - Arterial Disorders. The MBBS Students should know the types of Aneurysms and particularly Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.
This topic covers the etiology, types, pathogenesis and management of Hypovolemic & Septic Shock. It is very important for MBBS Students both theoritical and clinical aspect. Also they should know the hemodynamics of the above both types of Shock.....
This topic is under the Arterial Diseases of the Limbs. The MBBS students should know the Classification and Pathogenesis of Diabetic Foot. Also the different types of Gangrene and difference between Dry & Wet Gangrene....
This topic is under the category of Arterial Diseases. One of the subtopic is CLI. One of the ommon causes for CLI, is Atherosclerosis, which is discussed in this PPT.
This topic is under the category of Arterial Diseases. It is very important for an MBBS students to know about ALI, so as to treat them initially and then refer them to vascuar surgeons.
This topic is under the General Principles of Surgery. It is very important for MBBS - Students. New method of resuscitation called the Damaged Control Resuscitation is carried out in controlling the hemorrhage.
This topic covers the etiology, types, pathogenesis and management of Shock. It is very important for MBBS Students both theoretical & clinical aspect. Also they should know the hemodynamics across the types of shock in treating the patients....
This topic is under the General Principles of Surgery for MBBS Students. It also deals with Scars & Contractures. The student should know to differentiate between Hypertrophic Scar & Keloid..
This topic is mainly for MBBS Studnts. It is under the General Principles of Surgery. Students shoud know the phases of wound healing so as to treat them appropriately and select the correct method of dressing material....
This topic comes under the General Principles of Surgery for MBBS Students. The student should know the various types of wounds, their assessment and dressing methods.
IBD is very important topic even though the disease is prevalent in western countries. This PPT covers both the diseases side by side for comparing at same time and having an idea about them all together.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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3. • Outline the indications & complications of
EN
• Outline the indications & complications of
TPN
• Illustrate with diagrams about Tube-
feeding
4. • Nutritional support is the
provision of nutrients to
patients who cannot
meet their nutritional
requirements by eating
standard diets.
5. • To meet the energy
requirement
for metabolic processes.
• To maintain a normal core
body
6. • Avoiding of malnutrition
• Enteral nutrition – Ideal one
• Overfeeding to be avoided
• Timing & Type of nutrition
• Nutrition therapy protein wasting
• Immunomodulators – glutamine,
arginine, omega 3 fatty acids – very
useful
7. • No single “ Gold Standard ”
• Body wt.loss > 10% - 6mths – prognostic index
Body mass index : weight (kg)/ height (m2)
[ <18 .5 – nutritional impairment ]
• Anthropometric measures – Indirect measures
- TSF / MAC – muscle & fat mass
• Transport proteins –
(Sr.alb.-30mg/dl, prealb.-12g/dl,transferrin-150mmol/L)
• Immune incompetence –
TLC / Delayed Hypersensitivity
• MUST - Tool
8.
9. Severely Malnourished
Post – op complications
Trauma
Burns
Malignant disease
Renal & Liver failure
Short bowel syndrome
10. • Patient not expected to feed in 7
days
Prolonged ileus or intestinal
obstruction
Entero - cutaneous fistulas
Pancreatitis, U C, Pyloric stenosis
Major bowel surgery
• Esophageal replacement
• Gastric or colon surgery
• Whipple’s procedure
27. • Central – Catheter is placed
using a needle & guide wire
via -
• Subclavian approach
• Internal jugular approach
• External jugular approach
Superior
Vena Cava
28. • Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition
* Through a peripherally inserted
central venous catheter. [PICC]
Catheter.
* Through a formal peripheral
venous line.
32. Severity
Nutrition
Over - feeding
Sepsis
Line
Hypoglycaemia/Ca/P/Mg
(refeeding syndrome)
Chronic deficiency syndromes
(EFA, Zn, mineral and trace
elements)
Glucose- Hyperglycaemia,
fluid retention, electrolyte abn.
Fat- Hypertriglyceridemia
A.A- Aminoacidaemia,
uraemia, metabolic acidosis
Catheter related
Systemic sepsis
Drug interactions
> On insertion – PT / AE /
bleeding
> Long-term use - occlusion, VT
33. • Preserves gut integrity
• Possibly decreases bacterial translocation
• Preserves immunological function of gut
• Reduces costs
• Fewer infectious complications in critically ill patients
• Safer and more cost effective in many settings
34. • Is occurrence of severe fluid & electrolyte imbalance in
severely malnourished pts. while starting {RE-FEEDING}
EN/TPN. More common in TPN.
• Causes -
* ↓ Mg, ↓ Ca, & ↓ Po4 → myocardial dysfn.,
resp.changes, altered liver fns, convulsions & death.
• Commonly seen → chronic starvation, severe anorexia &
alcoholic pts.
• Gradual feeding & correction of Mg, Po4 & ca. & other
electrolytes & vitamins is important.
35. • It is becoming popular in Western countries.
• Indicated in Pts. who require nutrients for long term –
extensive Crohn’s, mesenteric infarction etc.
• Pt. uses the TPN fluids as advised at home. A
indweling Silastic catheter is designed for long term
use.
• Pt. should attend TPN clinic weekly – follow-up or any
complications.
• Pt. is psychologically comfortable & can attend his job
also.