This is a report on the design of a plant to produce 20 million standard cubic feet per day (0.555 × 106 standard m3/day) of hydrogen (H2) of at least 95% purity from heavy fuel oil (HFO) with an upstream time of 7680 hours/year applying the process of partial oxidation of the heavy oil feedstock.
This is a report on the design of a plant to produce 20 million standard cubic feet per day (0.555 × 106 standard m3/day) of hydrogen (H2) of at least 95% purity from heavy fuel oil (HFO) with an upstream time of 7680 hours/year applying the process of partial oxidation of the heavy oil feedstock.
This is a presentation on the design of plant for producing 20 million standard cubic feet per day (0.555 × 106 standard m3/day) of hydrogen (H2) of at least 95% purity from heavy fuel oil (HFO) with an upstream time of 7680 hours/year applying the process of partial oxidation of the heavy oil feedstock.
It is considered as the easiest way to convert coal to gasified product such as hydrogen. can reduce the unwanted expenses like waste disposal and transportation
This Presentation describes the process of Underground Coal Gasification and production of Clean Synthesis Gas which can be further processed to make SNG or Synthetic Diesel
The opportunities for reducing CO2 emissions in the iron and steel industry - plenary presentation given by Dianne Wiley at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Presentation given by Hao Liu of the University of Nottingham on "Effective Adsorbents for Establishing Solids Looping as a Next Generation NG PCC Technology" at the UKCCSRC Gas CCS Meeting, University of Sussex, 25 June 2014
Making the Business Case for Remote Service CapabilitiesPTC
Manufacturers are looking to make their service more efficient and more profitable. Adopting remote service capabilities allows OEMs to move from vendor to partner, building customer trust along the way.
38 Employee Engagement Ideas Your Team Will LoveElodie A.
Team building is an important part of making employees happy. Here are 38 employee engagement ideas you can use right away with your team.
Read more on Officevibe blog:
https://www.officevibe.com/blog/employee-engagement-ideas-team-will-love
Learn more about Officevibe, the simplest tool for a greater workplace:
https://www.officevibe.com/
Download the FREE guide about the 10 pillars of employee engagement:
http://hs.officevibe.com/complete-guide-employee-engagement?utm_source=slideshare&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=38-engagement-ideas-your-team-will-love&utm_content=employee-engagement-ebook
This is a presentation on the design of plant for producing 20 million standard cubic feet per day (0.555 × 106 standard m3/day) of hydrogen (H2) of at least 95% purity from heavy fuel oil (HFO) with an upstream time of 7680 hours/year applying the process of partial oxidation of the heavy oil feedstock.
It is considered as the easiest way to convert coal to gasified product such as hydrogen. can reduce the unwanted expenses like waste disposal and transportation
This Presentation describes the process of Underground Coal Gasification and production of Clean Synthesis Gas which can be further processed to make SNG or Synthetic Diesel
The opportunities for reducing CO2 emissions in the iron and steel industry - plenary presentation given by Dianne Wiley at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Presentation given by Hao Liu of the University of Nottingham on "Effective Adsorbents for Establishing Solids Looping as a Next Generation NG PCC Technology" at the UKCCSRC Gas CCS Meeting, University of Sussex, 25 June 2014
Making the Business Case for Remote Service CapabilitiesPTC
Manufacturers are looking to make their service more efficient and more profitable. Adopting remote service capabilities allows OEMs to move from vendor to partner, building customer trust along the way.
38 Employee Engagement Ideas Your Team Will LoveElodie A.
Team building is an important part of making employees happy. Here are 38 employee engagement ideas you can use right away with your team.
Read more on Officevibe blog:
https://www.officevibe.com/blog/employee-engagement-ideas-team-will-love
Learn more about Officevibe, the simplest tool for a greater workplace:
https://www.officevibe.com/
Download the FREE guide about the 10 pillars of employee engagement:
http://hs.officevibe.com/complete-guide-employee-engagement?utm_source=slideshare&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=38-engagement-ideas-your-team-will-love&utm_content=employee-engagement-ebook
Learning design meets learning analytics: Dr Bart Rienties, Open UniversityBart Rienties
8th UK Learning Analytics Network Meeting, The Open University, 2nd November 2016
1) The power of 151 Learning Designs on 113K+ students at the OU?
2) How can we use learning design to empower teachers?
3) How can Early Alert Systems improve Student Engagement and Academic Success? (Amara Atif, Macquarie University)
4) What evidence is there that learning design makes a difference over time and how students engage?
Optimized Meal Distribution for Maximized Heat Transport - Simple from the outside, but essential for high heat recuperation in the preheater tower, the meal spashbox ensures an optimum meal distribution in the gas riser duct which ends at the inlet of the next preheater cyclone stage.
Prescription For The Planet The Painless Remedy for our Energy & Environmenta...www.thiiink.com
This is the most important book that has ever been written on sustainable development...You MUST read it ! It is not A revolution, it is THE revolution, THE way to go!"
Bruno Comby, Ph.D., founder and President of EFN Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy
"If you're looking for an energy revolution, Blees has the boldness to offer both technology and vision."
Jim Hightower
“Blees writes devilishly well. His book is a culmination of tremendous erudition compounded by no end of research. Whether our society can be turned around to follow his Pied Piper lead is open to question. But at least he's drawn a map.”
T.J. King, Ph.D. Professor emeritus of English and Literature
"In a time desperate for solutions to the global environmental crisis, we need all the suggestions we can get. This analysis by Tom Blees therefore deserves serious attention as an informed and conscientious voice in the ongoing debate over what to do."
Howard Zinn. Professor, historian, playwright Author: A People’s History of the United States
“...A complete plan to revolutionize the world's energy systems.”
Jeff Crowell, Ph.D. Nuclear Physics Sandia National Laboratories
Further together: Curated Pairing Culture @PivotalNeha Batra
The benefits of pair programming are well-known but enabling it is hard. It is clear that incorporating it into the workplace sustainably requires a fundamental shift in culture. After working at 2 startups who implemented different versions of pair programming, I came to Pivotal Labs with my own stories and preconceived notions. Pivotal Lab's engineers (and sometimes designers and product managers) pair program 8hours/day every workday and help enable other companies to practice it with us. It seems impossible but after spending a year fully immersed, the trends in having a sustainable pair programming culture have started to surface. Hear from someone who is a newfound believer in pair programming on the structure Pivotal Labs has put in place to enable it, war stories, and lessons learned.
Denials Management Made Easy By Forefront Technologies
Healthcare Software Solutions. Turn your ERAs into actionable charts and reports. Forefront’s ETL process makes it easy to load your files for reporting. It has all the visualizations you need to easily identify problem areas and trends, with click-throughs and drill-downs to get right to the details.
Sustainability of MSME Fund of Central Bank of NigeriaKamakhya Nr. Singh
This paper evaluates the status of the Micro, Small and Medium Sector Enterprises (MSME) Development fund in Nigeria. It also analyses a few of the key constraints impeding the development of MSMEs in Nigeria and the role that the MSME Development Fund (MDF), created by the Central Bank of Nigeria(CBN), is expected to play in removing the most critical constraint of lack of adequate funding for MSMEs in Nigeria. For the MDF to have long term impact, there is no gainsaying that the MDF needs to be sustainable for all the stakeholders.
The objective of this paper is to examine the sustainability of the fund, given the socio-economic and financial conditions of Nigeria. The study takes into account the perspectives of Federal Government of Nigeria, the CBN, Participating Financial Institutions (PFIs) lending to the MSME clients and the MSME clients themselves.
The paper, proffers policy recommendations that could help to improve the sustainability of the Fund, enhance the uptake of MDF by PFIs so that the benefit of funding reach the targeted sector more efficiently and that could help larger number of MSMEs, especially, micro-enterprises, derive benefit from the MDF.
For most, giving to charity is beneficial for two reasons: we are able to help others while simultaneously making ourselves feel good for our selfless acts. However, we don’t realize that there are countless benefits to giving to charity, whether through monetary donations or giving our time.
Here are just a few excellent reasons to give to charity.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Chemical Looping Combustion of Rice HuskIJERA Editor
A thermodynamic investigation of direct chemical looping combustion (CLC) of rice husk is presented in this paper. Both steam and CO2 are used for gasification within the temperature range of 500–1200˚C and different amounts of oxygen carriers. Chemical equilibrium model was considered for the CLC fuel reactor. The trends in product compositions of the fuel reactor, were determined. Rice husk gasification using 3 moles H2O and 0 moles CO2 per mole carbon (in rice husk) at 1 bar pressure and 900˚C was found to be the best operating point for hundred percent carbon conversion in the fuel reactor. Such detailed thermodynamic studies can be useful to design chemical looping combustion processes using different fuels.
Chemical Looping Combustion of Rice HuskIJERA Editor
A thermodynamic investigation of direct chemical looping combustion (CLC) of rice husk is presented in this paper. Both steam and CO2 are used for gasification within the temperature range of 500–1200˚C and different amounts of oxygen carriers. Chemical equilibrium model was considered for the CLC fuel reactor. The trends in product compositions of the fuel reactor, were determined. Rice husk gasification using 3 moles H2O and 0 moles CO2 per mole carbon (in rice husk) at 1 bar pressure and 900˚C was found to be the best operating point for hundred percent carbon conversion in the fuel reactor. Such detailed thermodynamic studies can be useful to design chemical looping combustion processes using different fuels.
Study of the Sulfur Trioxide Generation Mechanism and Control Method Using We...inventionjournals
In coal fired power plant, especially using sulfur content fossil fuels, much attention in recently paid to sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid mist emission, because conventional desulfurization system should not be removed, which is installed to meet air quality standard for sulfur dioxide. Sulfur trioxide is highly reactive with water vapor and generally convert to sulfuric acid mist in atmosphere. Sulfuric acid is very fine under-submicron sized particulate matter or droplets. Recently sulfur trioxide cause air pollution and public health, discussion comes out, especially in the United States and Japan, that regulations and guideline should be enlarge the sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid. Moreover most countries reinforce sulfur oxides emission regulations or guidelines from coal-fired power plant. In this study, focusing that how to control the sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid mist. Sulfuric acid mist found depending on the flue gas temperature. Generation and conversion rate of sulfur trioxide were measured according to temperature. The absorbent was selected to remove sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid using wet type desulfurization system which the most proven technology at this moment.
Gasifi cation is a process in which combustible materials are partially oxi-dized or partially combusted. The product of gasifi cation is a combustible synthesis gas, or syngas. Because gasifi cation involves the partial, rather than complete, oxidization of the feed, gasifi cation processes operate in an oxygen-lean environment. As fi gure 1 indicates, the stoichiometric oxygen-to-coal ratio for combustion is almost four times the stoichiometric oxygen-to-coal ratio for gasifi cation of Illinois #6coal.
The cement industry is worldwide one of the main contributors to man-made CO2 emissions, estimated at 7% of global emissions.
To keep pace with the demand and pressure to reduce CO2 emissions, a shift to sustainable building materials for housing and infrastructure must still be continued.
Cement manufacturers can make significant progress toward sustainability goals with alternative fuels and efficiency projects by reducing clinker content through cementitious additives (SCM).
Alternative Fuel Market After Covid-19 – Focus on Efficiency and QualityLOESCHE
Covid-19 has changed the way people interact with each other and the way business is done. Now is the time to change the paradigm regarding alternative fuel projects towards a more holistic approach in order to ensure investment efficiency. Simple and cheap (at first) shall give way to smart, flexible, and sustainable concepts. Suppliers shall give way to partners.
Article by Tais Mazza Joudeh, Head of Waste Conditioning, LOESCHE GmbH | Published on ZKG Cement Lime Gypsum Magazine, Issue 7-8 2020.
As ever-higher efficiencies are demanded of grinding equipment, cement plants require a new benchmark for grinding component performance. Addressing wear through regular maintenance and repair is one strategy with the sustainable supply of grinding parts and management of mill wear as key factors in keeping mills running.
By Dr Dorival G Tecco, Loesche GmbH, Germany.
Reprint from INTERNATIONAL CEMENT REVIEW, December 2017
Get Fit For The Future - Dry Ore Comminution TechnologyLOESCHE
Our dry comminution is flexible, sustainable and energy-efficient.
The LOESCHE layout characterizes through a compact design and hence a small plan footprint - ideal from brownfield, but also for greenfield projects.
Dry Granulated BF Sand: A Groundbreaking and Sustainable InnovationLOESCHE
"Dry granulated BF sand: A groundbreaking and sustainable Innovation – Production process, product grinding and building materials investigations".
- Presentation by Thomas Fenzl, Primetal Technologies Austria, during the 14th Global Slag Conference, Exhibition & Awards.
26 - 27 March 2019, Aachen, Germany
Loesche-Separation Plant for Production of Ultrafine Granulated Blastfurnace ...LOESCHE
Presentation written by Horst Michael Ludwig; Bauhaus Universität Weimar, F. A. Finger-Institut für Baustoffkunde; Holger Wulfert, and Dr. Winfried Ruhkamp, Loesche.
Presented at the 14th Global Slag Conference, Exhibition & Awards.
26 - 27 March 2019, Aachen, Germany
Presentation by Michael Gramlin during the Symposium on Waste and Recycling Technology organized by AHK (Deutsch - Russische Auslandshandelskammer).
September 2018.
An Integrated Approach to Alternative Fuel use in Cement MakingLOESCHE
The world is facing a growing challenge with handling the ever-increasing tonnages of waste materials being produced, while at the same time environmental pressures are driving the push to reduce fossil fuel use in industrial processes. Cement production is no exception in this respect.
Published in www.zkg.de
Optimal Alternative Fuel Burning Starts with Computer SimulationLOESCHE
Presentation by Matthias Mersmann, General Manager Business Development New Products at LOESCHE GmbH, during the LOESCHE Symposium in Hanoi, Vietnam, in August 22, 2018.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
2. Dr Roland Aeckersberg, Loesche GmbH, Germany, explains how
processing low-rank coals can make them suitable for use in several
applications.
Low-rank coals (LRCs), such as lignite and
sub-bituminous coals, have high total moisture
contents. These typically range between 30 – 70%.1 This
usually limits their use to the direct surroundings of the
coal deposit, because transport is not economical. Therefore, a
common use for LRCs is electricity generation in mine mouth
power plants. However, it is often the case that the location of the
coal deposit is not close enough to electrical consumers. This in
turn means the economic feasibility of such a power plant may
be questionable, because of the development costs for power
distribution.Additionally, the emissions of carbon dioxide are
higher than in conventional coal-ired power plants.2
Accordingly, the drying of LRC is the solution to produce an
economical tradable fuel. Different drying technologies to
upgrade LRC were developed with various drying agents
(e.g. steam, oil, microwave radiation) and are in commercial
operation or at the pilot plant stage. Traditionally, LRCs are
upgraded in tubular dryers at industrial scale. These dryers use
indirect contact drying of the pre-crushed coal, with saturated
steam (typically low pressure steam at about 160 – 180˚C;
3 – 4 bar [g]). Because of the required steam for the drying
process, LRC upgrading with this technology is typically
combined with power generation. However, this drying method
is accompanied with a loss in power generation, due to the
steam extraction in the steam turbine.
In order to avoid reliance on steam or other special drying
agents, Loesche GmbH has developed the Coal Enhancement
Process (CEP).3 With this process, high moisture coals can be
upgraded for a variety of applications that require low moisture
contents (for example, coal gasiication). Furthermore, the
produced LRC dust from the CEP may be briquetted in a
downstream process to obtain a tradable fuel, which is
manageable and has a greatly reduced water content. LRC
briquettes also beneit from the upgrade because the risk of
spontaneous combustion is almost negligible.
The CEP
The CEP is based on the self-inert coal grinding and drying
process by Loesche. This process is well established for coal
preparation in cement plants and iron works for pulverised coal
injection (Figure 1). However, the main difference between this
established process and the new CEP is that a fraction of the
upgraded LRC is separated and used in the integrated hot gas
generator (HGG), in order to produce an oxygen-depleted hot
Reprinted from March 2015 | World Coal |
~
3. gas for the drying process, as well as a
transport agent in the coal mill.
The adapted CEP low sheet is shown
in Figure 2. For explosion protection,
ferromagnetic materials and nonferrous
metals are discharged out of the raw
LRC, before being fed into the coal mill.
Inside the mill, the raw coal is
comminuted and simultaneously dried
with an inert hot gas. The gas is also used
to transport the produced coal ines to
the top of the mill. There, the coarser
particles are repelled in a classiier and
returned to the grinding parts for further
comminution to the required ineness.
The ineness can be adjusted to
approximately 0 – 6 mm.
Those coal ines that have not been
repelled are pneumatically transported
to the bag house ilter. From there, the
ines are separated from the process gas.
After the ilter, the LRC ines are divided
into two streams. One stream is fed into a
stand-alone mechanical air separator.
Inside the separator, an air swirl is
generated that separates the iner coal
particles from the coarser ones. The iner
coal fraction (approximately 20%R90µm)
will be stored in a dosing bin, as fuel for
the HGG. The coarser coal particles are
reunited with the second coal stream
from the baghouse ilter and are buffered
in a product silo for the following
process.
Downstream, gas from the ilter is
divided into two gas lows. One part is
dissipated through the stack into the
atmosphere. The second is recirculated in
the process to the HGG. The upgraded
and separated LRC ines are combusted
in the LOMA®-Heater (a stainless steel
combustion furnace). The recirculated
gas is mixed with the lue gas and thus
heated to the required temperature for
the drying process inside the mill. Hot
inert gas, with an oxygen content below
12%, is then injected into the mill to
evaporate the LRC water.
Because of the reactivity of LRCs, the
CEP is equipped with various safety
measures. In normal operation, the
oxygen content should be below the
limiting oxygen concentration, so no
explosive dust/air mixture should occur
inside the dust carrying plant equipment.
An ignition source should be avoided in
any case. Nevertheless, the oxygen
concentration is constantly measured
and will shut down the plant if the
concentration exceeds a certain level. For
safety reasons, the plant is equipped with
explosion pressure relief vents to release
the explosion pressure in case of an
incident.
If the speciic application of the
upgraded LRC requires a iner particle
size, the cold milling process provided
by Loesche could be used as a
downstream process. Ambient air (with
full oxygen content) is used as a
transport agent to mill the coal down to
ine pulverised coal.
Technical feasibility
To prove that the CEP works, Loesche
has performed a technical feasibility on
its CGPmobile (mobile coal grinding plant;
Figure 3) with light fuel oil in the HGG
Figure 1. Flowsheet detailing Loesche's self-inert grinding plant.
1. Loesche mill.
2. Raw coal feed.
3. Filter/product separation.
4. Product silo.
5. Safety quick-closure valves (dampeners).
6. Flow meter.
7. Mill fan.
8. Exhaust flue (stack).
9. Recirculation air.
10. Fresh air.
11. Hot gas generator.
12. N2/CO2 start/stop and emergency inertisation.
13. Coal dust discharge.
14. Explosion vent.
Figure 2. Flowsheet detailing the Coal Enhancement Process (CEP).
| World Coal | Reprinted from March 2015
4. instead of LRC dust. The main purpose
of this study was to investigate the
achievable differential moisture after the
drying and grinding. Six different LRCs
(LRC 1 – LRC 6) with high moisture
contents were sourced worldwide from
different coal deposits. These coals have
been investigated in this study. The total
moisture of these raw coals ranged
between 46 – 56% mass. All coals were
processed with three different settings
whereupon only one process parameter
(ineness) was changed on purpose and
some dependent process parameters
were automatically adjusted by the
process control system. Areview of all
the achieved drying results is shown in
Figure 4. Setting 3 provided the best
drying results for all the coals, with a
maximum drying of 51.4% for LRC 4 at
setting 3, while the lowest drying results
were achieved with setting 1. However,
the lowest difference between feed
material and product was still 38.6%
for LRC 3.
The briquetting properties of the
produced coal dusts were also
evaluated on a laboratory-scale double
roller press, with a sensitivity analysis
on briquetting pressure. All briquettes
from the eighteen produced LRC dusts
showed very promising briquetting
results (Figure 5). Compared to a traded
thermal coal, the abrasion was almost
the same or even better and the
briquette stability was equivalent or
better.
Consequently, the technical feasibility
of the CEP with downstream briquetting
was approved and high drying rates
were achieved, thus high moisture LRC
could be processed with the CEP.
Nevertheless, there are still some
investigations to be carried out. The
current development of the coal price
does not simplify the hurdles to be
overcome.
References
1. NUNES, S., ‘Coal Upgrading’, CCC/156
(IEA Clean Coal Centre, London; 2009).
2. COUCH, G.R., ’Coal Upgrading to Reduce
CO2 Emissions’, CCC/67 (IEA Clean Coal
Centre, London; 2002).
3. SCHLEGEL, S., SALEWSKI, G. AND
WÖLK, J., Method and System for
Milling Coal in Inert Operation or in
Non-Inert Operation, International Patent
WO 2012/028273 A1, 03/08/2012.
Figure 3. CGPmobile.
Figure 4. Drying results of the technical feasibility study.
Figure 5. Agglomerates of LRC 6.
Reprinted from March 2015 | World Coal |
5. Loesche – worldwide presence
Loesche is an export-oriented company run by the owner, which
was established in 1906 in Berlin. Today the company is inter-
nationally active with subsidiaries, representatives and agencies
worldwide.
Our engineers are constantly developing new ideas and individual
concepts for grinding technologies and preparation processes for
the benefit of our customers. Their competence is mainly due to
our worldwide information management. This ensures that current
knowledge and developments can also be used immediately for
our own projects.
The services of our subsidiaries and agencies are of key importance
for analysis, processing and solving specific project problems for
our customers.
Loesche GmbH
Hansaallee 243
40549 Düsseldorf
Tel. +49 - 211 - 53 53 - 0
Fax +49 - 211 - 53 53 - 500
Email: loesche@loesche.de
Please visit our homepage at www.loesche.com for up-to-date
information on our overseas companies.