This document provides an overview of various literary devices used in the English language including similes, personification, metaphors, proverbs, adages, homophones, antonyms, and homonyms. It defines each device and provides examples. Similes directly compare two objects using connecting words like "like" or "as". Personification attributes human traits to non-human things. Metaphors make comparisons without using "like" or "as". Proverbs express common truths and maxims. Adages involve memorable sayings about life. Homophones have the same pronunciation but different meanings/spellings. Antonyms are opposite in meaning, and homonyms have the same sound/spelling but different meanings.

1. English Project
BY HAMZA SHUJA YOUSAFZAI.

2. Content
 Simile
 Personification
 Metaphor
 Proverb
 Adages
 Homophones
 Antonyms
 Homonyms

3. Simile
 A simile is a rhetorical figure expressing comparison or likeness that
directly compares two objects through some connective word such
as like, as, so, than, or many other verbs such as resembles.
Examples
 She is sweet like candy.
 He runs like a cheetah.

4. Personification
 The attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to
something non-human, or the representation of an abstract quality
in human form.
 For Example:
 The tornado ran through town without a care.
 The sky smiled, as the angry clouds raced across it

5. Metaphor
 A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object
or action to which it is not literally applicable
 a metaphor develops a comparison which is different from a simile
i.e. we do not use “like” or “as” to develop a comparison in a
metaphor
 Examples:
 The streets were a furnace, the sun an executioner."
(Cynthia Ozick, "Rosa")

6. Proverb
 A proverb is a simple and concrete saying, popularly known and
repeated, that expresses a truth based on common sense or the
practical experience of humanity. They are often metaphorical. A
proverb that describes a basic rule of conduct may also be known
as a maxim.
 For Example:
 A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
 A little learning is a dangerous thing.

7. Adages
 An adage ) is a short, usually philosophical, but
memorable saying which holds some important fact of experience
that is considered true by many people, or that has gained some
credibility through its long memetic use.
 It often involves a planning failure such as "don't count your
chickens before they hatch" or "don't burn your bridges". Adages
may be interesting observations, practical or ethical guidelines,
or skeptical comments on life.
 For Example:
 All's well that ends well.“

8. Homophones
 A word which has the same pronunciation but has a different
spellings and meanings
 For example.
 Rain,Reign.Rein

9. Antonyms
 A word that is opposite to the word by its meaning.
 For example;
 Good And Bad
 Dangerous and safe
 Smart and dumb

10. Homonyms
 Two or more words that have the same sound or spelling but differ in
meaning. Generally, the term homonym refers both to
homophones (words that are pronounced the same but have
different meanings, such as pair and pear) and to homographs
 For Example

"His death, which happen'd in his berth,
At forty-odd befell:
They went and told the sexton, and
The sexton toll'd the bell."
(Thomas Hood, "Faithless Sally Brown"

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