This document defines and provides examples of the different parts of speech in English including nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It also discusses types of sentences, verb tenses, voices, degrees of comparison, and group exercises.

1. PARTS OF
SPEECH
NOUN- NAME
PLACE ANIMAL
THING
PROPER
NOUN –
RAM
SITA
HYD
Common
NOUN-
GIRLS
TOYS
CITIES
COLLECTIVE
NOUN – ARMY
,CLASS
,LIBRARY
ABSTRACT-
AIR
HUNGER,
SORROW ,
HAPPINESS
POSSESSIVE-
Sister’s college,
My aunt’s son,
NUMBER
NOUN
SIN PLU
Boy Boys
Child Children
COUNTABLE
/
UNCOUNTAB
LE
FANS –
STARS/
SAND
COMPOUND
NOUN
NEWS+PAPER
BLACK+BOA
RD
POLICE
+STATION
PRONOUN – PERSONA
L - HE
SHE ,
THEY
YOU
REFLEXI
VE –
MYSELF,I
TSELF,OU
RSELVES
RELATIVE –
WHO WHERE
WHICH
[INSIDE THE
SENTENCE]
DEMONSTR
ATIVE – This
that , those,
these
POSSESSIVE
– mine, ours ,
yours, his , hers,
theirs
INTERROGAT
IVE - WHO
WHERE
WHICH – at the
start of the
sentence
ADJECTIVE-
describes a noun
QUALITY
– good,
bad, smart,
QUANTIT
Y- all, less
more, little
NUMBERS-
twelve, seven,
fifth,
DEMONSTR
ATION –
belongs to
radha, owned
by
POSSESSIVE
– my book, my
house,
INTERROGAT
IVE – your cat ,
your dog?, their
house?
VERB TENSES
ADVERB MANNER
– speaks
loudly,
angrily
TIME –
tomorrow,
yesterday,
early, late
PLACE-
downstairs,
upstairs,
outside, inside
FREQUENCY
–
twice,once,alw
ays,
PREPOSITION On, into,
at, by,
between,
in, among
CONJUNCTION Till, but,
and
Not only
,but
also, though,
as,
yet
,because, as
soon as,
INTERJECTION Oh! Hurray! Alas! Indeed! Wow!

2. DIRECT SPEECH & TENSES INDIRECT/REPORTED SPEECH & TENSES
Simple present Simple past
"I always drink coffee", she said She said that she always drank coffee.
Present continuous Past continuous
"I am reading a book", he explained. He explained that he was reading a book
Simple past Past perfect
"Bill arrived on Saturday", he said. He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday
Present perfect Past perfect
"I have been to Spain", he told me. He told me that he had been to Spain
Past perfect Past perfect
"I had just turned out the light," he
explained.
He explained that he had just turned out the
light.
Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous
They complained, "We have been waiting for
hours".
They complained that they had been waiting
for hours.
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
"We were living in Paris", they told me. They told me that they had been living in Paris.
Future Present conditional
"I will be in Geneva on Monday", he said He said that he would be in Geneva on Monday.
Future continuous Conditional continuous
She said, "I'll be using the car next Friday". She said that she would be using the car next
Friday.

3. TYPES OF SENTENCES :
DECLARATIVE OR ASSERTIVE - We are Indians, Tomorrow is a holiday
INTERROGATIVE – Where are you going? How is your mother ? Where do you live ?
IMPERATIVE - REQUESTING- Kindly tell me where the bus stand is ,
EXCLAMATORY – EXPRESSION- Wow! What a great idea! , Oh! my god !
ARTICLES - a , an the , - Vowels & Consonants , a, e , I , o , u , try , sky , fly, [ I ]
GENDERS :-
MASCULINE FEMININE COMMON NEUTER
MALE FEMALE - NON LIVING THINGS
BOY GIRL TEACHER CHAIR
ACTOR ACTRESS DOCTOR TABLE
OX COW FRIEND PEN
DEGREES OF COMPARISION :-
POSITIVE/SIMPLE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
TALL TALLER TALLEST
KIND KINDER KINDEST
AS SWEET AS IS SWEETER THAN SWEETEST OF

4. Example: to keep
TENSE / VERB FORM ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
Simple present keeps is kept
Present continuous is keeping is being kept
Simple past kept was kept
Past continuous was keeping was being kept
Present perfect have kept have been kept
Past perfect had kept had been kept
future will keep will be kept
Conditional present would keep would be kept
Conditional past would have kept would have been kept
present infinitive to keep to be kept
perfect infinitive to have kept to have been kept
present participle/gerund keeping being kept
perfect participle having kept having been kept
Example sentences: Active: I keep the butter in the fridge.
Passive: The butter is kept in the fridge.
Active: They stole the painting.
Passive: The painting was stolen.
Active: They are repairing the road.
Passive: The road is being repaired.
Active: Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
Passive: Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
Active: A dog bit him.
Passive: He was bitten by a dog.
GROUP EXERCISES -INTERACTIVE SESSIONS
AT THE POST OFFICE + COMMON GIRL FRIEND + TWO CHEATS + MOBILE REPAIR SHOP+
DESCRIBE YOUR MOTHER+ DECRIBE YOUR NATIVE PLACE +TELL ME ABOUT YOURSELF
http://www.freewebs.com/s9consulting