- Depreciation is the decrease in value of physical property over time. There are different depreciation methods including straight line and sinking fund.
- Under the straight line method, the loss in value is directly proportional to the age of the property. Depreciation is calculated as (Original Cost - Salvage Value) / Useful Life.
- The sinking fund method assumes funds are set aside each year for replacement of the asset. Depreciation is calculated as (Original Cost - Salvage Value) * Interest Rate / (1 + Interest Rate)^Useful Life - 1.
Each idea (or opportunity) is then identified in turn and recorded on a flip chart or board by the NGT facilitator, leaving ample space between ideas for comments or clarification.
This process continues until all the opportunities have been recorded, clarified, and displayed for all to see.
At this point, a voting procedure is used to prioritize the ideas or opportunities.
Finally, voting results lead to the development of group consensus on the topic being addressed
Each idea (or opportunity) is then identified in turn and recorded on a flip chart or board by the NGT facilitator, leaving ample space between ideas for comments or clarification.
This process continues until all the opportunities have been recorded, clarified, and displayed for all to see.
At this point, a voting procedure is used to prioritize the ideas or opportunities.
Finally, voting results lead to the development of group consensus on the topic being addressed
PRINCIPLES OF ENGINEERING ECONOMY
1. Develop the Alternatives;
2. Focus on the Differences;
3. Use a Consistent Viewpoint;
4. Use a Common Unit of Measure;
5. Consider All Relevant Criteria;
6. Make Uncertainty Explicit;
7. Revisit Your Decisions
DEVELOP THE ALTERNATIVES
The final choice (decision) is among alternatives. The alternatives need to be identified and then defined for subsequent analysis.
FOCUS ON THE DIFFERENCES
Only the differences in expected future outcomes among the alternatives are relevant to their comparison and should be considered in the decision.
USE A CONSISTENT VIEWPOINT
The prospective outcomes of the alternatives, economic and other, should be consistently developed from a defined viewpoint (perspective).
USE A COMMON UNIT OF MEASURE
Using a common unit of measurement to enumerate as many of the prospective outcomes as possible will make easier the analysis and comparison of alternatives.
CONSIDER ALL RELEVANT CRITERIA
Selection of a preferred alternative (decision making) requires the use of a criterion (or several criteria). The decision process should consider the outcomes enumerated in the monetary unit and those expressed in some other unit of measurement or made explicit in a descriptive manner.
MAKE UNCERTAINTY EXPLICIT
Uncertainty is inherent in projecting (or estimating) the future outcomes of the alternatives and should be recognized in their analysis and comparison.
REVISIT YOUR DECISIONS
Improved decision making results from an adaptive process; to the extent practicable, the initial projected outcomes of the selected alternative should be subsequently compared with actual results achieved.
This is first or introductory lecture of Mechanics of Solids-1 as per curriculum formulated by Higher Education Commission and Pakistan Engineering Council
In the preparation for the Geodetic Engineering Licensure Examination, the BSGE students must memorized the fastest possible solution for the LEAST SQUARES ADJUSTMENT using casio fx-991 es plus calculator technique in order to save time during the said examination. note: lec 2 and above wala akong nilagay na solution para hindi makupya techniques ko. just add me on fb para ituro ko sa inyo solution. Kasi itong solution ko wala sa google, youtube, calc tech books at hindi rin itinuro sa review center.
1. The background of Fluid Mechanics
2. Fields of Fluid mechanics
3. Introduction and Basic concepts
4. Properties of Fluids
5. Pressure and fluid statics
6. Hydrodynamics
This is a lecture on normal stress in mechanics of deformable bodies. There is a quick overview on what strength of materials is at the beginning of the presentation.
Presentation by:
MEC32/A1 Group 1 4Q 2014
MAGBOJOS, Redentor V.
RIGOR, Lady Krista V.
SALIDO, Lisette S.
Mapúa Institute of Technology
Presentation for Prof. Romeo D. Alastre's class.
Solution Manual for Structural Analysis 6th SI by Aslam Kassimaliphysicsbook
https://www.unihelp.xyz/solution-manual-structural-analysis-kassimali/
Solution Manual for Structural Analysis - 6th Edition SI Edition
Author(s): Aslam Kassimali
Solution Manual for 6th SI Edition (above Image) is provided officially. It include all chapters of textbook (chapters 2 to 17) plus appendixes B, C, D.
PRINCIPLES OF ENGINEERING ECONOMY
1. Develop the Alternatives;
2. Focus on the Differences;
3. Use a Consistent Viewpoint;
4. Use a Common Unit of Measure;
5. Consider All Relevant Criteria;
6. Make Uncertainty Explicit;
7. Revisit Your Decisions
DEVELOP THE ALTERNATIVES
The final choice (decision) is among alternatives. The alternatives need to be identified and then defined for subsequent analysis.
FOCUS ON THE DIFFERENCES
Only the differences in expected future outcomes among the alternatives are relevant to their comparison and should be considered in the decision.
USE A CONSISTENT VIEWPOINT
The prospective outcomes of the alternatives, economic and other, should be consistently developed from a defined viewpoint (perspective).
USE A COMMON UNIT OF MEASURE
Using a common unit of measurement to enumerate as many of the prospective outcomes as possible will make easier the analysis and comparison of alternatives.
CONSIDER ALL RELEVANT CRITERIA
Selection of a preferred alternative (decision making) requires the use of a criterion (or several criteria). The decision process should consider the outcomes enumerated in the monetary unit and those expressed in some other unit of measurement or made explicit in a descriptive manner.
MAKE UNCERTAINTY EXPLICIT
Uncertainty is inherent in projecting (or estimating) the future outcomes of the alternatives and should be recognized in their analysis and comparison.
REVISIT YOUR DECISIONS
Improved decision making results from an adaptive process; to the extent practicable, the initial projected outcomes of the selected alternative should be subsequently compared with actual results achieved.
This is first or introductory lecture of Mechanics of Solids-1 as per curriculum formulated by Higher Education Commission and Pakistan Engineering Council
In the preparation for the Geodetic Engineering Licensure Examination, the BSGE students must memorized the fastest possible solution for the LEAST SQUARES ADJUSTMENT using casio fx-991 es plus calculator technique in order to save time during the said examination. note: lec 2 and above wala akong nilagay na solution para hindi makupya techniques ko. just add me on fb para ituro ko sa inyo solution. Kasi itong solution ko wala sa google, youtube, calc tech books at hindi rin itinuro sa review center.
1. The background of Fluid Mechanics
2. Fields of Fluid mechanics
3. Introduction and Basic concepts
4. Properties of Fluids
5. Pressure and fluid statics
6. Hydrodynamics
This is a lecture on normal stress in mechanics of deformable bodies. There is a quick overview on what strength of materials is at the beginning of the presentation.
Presentation by:
MEC32/A1 Group 1 4Q 2014
MAGBOJOS, Redentor V.
RIGOR, Lady Krista V.
SALIDO, Lisette S.
Mapúa Institute of Technology
Presentation for Prof. Romeo D. Alastre's class.
Solution Manual for Structural Analysis 6th SI by Aslam Kassimaliphysicsbook
https://www.unihelp.xyz/solution-manual-structural-analysis-kassimali/
Solution Manual for Structural Analysis - 6th Edition SI Edition
Author(s): Aslam Kassimali
Solution Manual for 6th SI Edition (above Image) is provided officially. It include all chapters of textbook (chapters 2 to 17) plus appendixes B, C, D.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERS
Engineering Economics
1. Depreciation
– is the decrease in the value of physical property
with the passage of time.
2. Requirements of a Depreciation
Method
•It should be simple.
•It should recover capital.
•The book value will be reasonably close to the
market value at any time.
•The method should be accepted by the Bureau
of International Revenue.
4. The following symbols are used for the different
depreciation methods:
L = useful life of the property (in years)
Co = the original cost
CL = the value at the end of the life (scrap value)
d = the annual cost of depreciation
Cn = the book value at the end of (n) years
Dn = depreciation up to age (n) years
5. Straight Line Method
-This method assumes that the loss in value is directly
proportional to the age of the property.
d =
Co −CL
𝐿
Dn = n (
Co −CL
𝐿
) or n(d)
Cn = Co - Dn
6. Example 1
An electronic balance costs P90,000 and has an estimated
salvage value of P8,000 at the end of its 10 years life time. What
would be the book value after three years, using the Straight
Line Method in solving for the depreciation?
Given:
L = 10 years
Co = P90,000.00
CL = P8,000.00
n = 3 years
Cn = ? P90,000
P8,000
1y 2y 3y 4y 5y 6y 7y 8y 9y
A AA AAAA AA
7. Solution:
d =
Co −CL
𝐿
d =
90,000 − 8,000
10
d = P8,200
Dn = n (
Co −CL
𝐿
) or n(d)
D3 = 3(8,200)
D3 = P24,600
Cn = Co - Dn
C3 = 90,000 - P24,600
C3 = P65,400
8. Example 2
An equipment costs P10,000 with a salvage value of P500
at the end of 10 years. Calculate the annual depreciation
by Straight Line Method.
Given:
L = 10 years
Co = P10,000.00
CL = P500.00
d = ? P10,000
P500
1y 2y 3y 4y 5y 6y 7y 8y 9y
A AA A AA A A AA
10. Example 3
A machine has an initial cost of P50,000.00 and a salvage
value of P10,000.00 after 10 years. What is the book
value after five years using straight line method
depreciation?
Given:
L = 10 years
Co = P50,000.00
CL = P10,000.00
n = 5 years
Cn = ? P50,000
P10,000
AA A A A A A AA A
4y 5y 6y 7y 8y 9y 10y1y 2y 3y
11. Solution:
d =
Co −CL
𝐿
d =
50,000 − 10,000
10
d = P4,000.00
Dn = n (
Co −CL
𝐿
) or n(d)
D5 = 5(4,000)
D5 = P20,000.00
Cn = Co - Dn
C5 = 50,000 – 20,000
C5 = P30,000.00
12. Example 4
A machine has a first cost of P13,000, an estimated
life of 15 years, and an estimated salvage value of
P1,000. Using the Straight Line Method, find:
a) The annual depreciation.
b) The book value at the end of 9 years.
Given:
L = 15 years
Co = P13,000.00
CL = P1,000.00
n = 9 years
1y 2y 3y 4y 5y 6y 7y 8y 9y 10y
15y
P1,000
P13,000
A A A A A A A A A A
A
13. Solution:
d =
Co −CL
𝐿
d =
13,000 − 1,000
15
d = P800.00
Cn = Co - Dn
C9 = 13,000 - 9(800)
C9 = P5,800.00
14. Example 5
An asset is purchased for P500,000. The salvage value in
25 years is P100,000. What are the depreciations in the
first three years?
Given:
L = 25 years
Co = P500,000.00
CL = P100,000.00
n = 3 years
Dn = ?
P500,000
P100,000
1y 2y 3y 4y
25yA A AA
15. Solution:
d =
Co −CL
𝐿
d =
500,000 − 100,000
25
d = P16,000.00
Dn = n (
Co −CL
𝐿
) or n(d)
D3 = 3(16,000)
D3 = P48,000.00
16. Sinking Fund Method
-This method assumes that a sinking fund is established
in which funds will accumulate for replacement.
d =
Co − CL
(1+𝑖) 𝐿−1
𝑖
or
(Co −CL) 𝑖
(1+𝑖) 𝐿−1
Dn = (
(Co −CL) 𝑖
(1+𝑖) 𝐿−1
) (
(Co −CL) 𝑖
(1+𝑖) 𝑛−1
) or (d)(
(Co −CL) 𝑖
(1+𝑖) 𝑛−1
)
Cn = Co - Dn
17. Example 1
A broadcasting corporation purchased equipment for P53,000
and paid P1,500 for freight and delivery charges to the job site.
The equipment has a normal life of 10 years with a trade-in
value of P5,000 against the purchase of a new equipment at the
end of the life. Determine the annual depreciation cost and
assume interest at 6.5% compounded annually.
Given:
L = 10 years
Co = P53,000 + P1,500
CL = P5000.00
i = 6.5%
d = ? P50,000
P5,000
1y 2y 3y 4y 5y 6y 7y 8y 9y
A AA AAAA AA 10y
18. Solution:
d =
Co − CL
(1+𝑖) 𝐿−1
𝑖
or
(Co −CL) 𝑖
(1+𝑖) 𝐿−1
d =
(54,500 − 5,000)(.065)
(1+.065)10−1
d = P3,668.18
19. Example 2
An equipment costs P10,000 with a salvage value of
P500 at the end of 10 years. Calculate the annual
depreciation by Sinking Fund method at 40% interest.
Given:
L = 10 years
Co = P10,000.00
CL = P500.00
i = 40%
d = ? P10,000
P500
1y 2y 3y 4y 5y 6y 7y 8y 9y
A AA AAAA AA 10y
20. Solution:
d =
Co − CL
(1+𝑖) 𝐿−1
𝑖
or
(Co −CL) 𝑖
(1+𝑖) 𝐿−1
d =
(10,000 − 500)(.40)
(1+.40)10−1
d = P136.08
21. Example 3
A P110,000 chemical plant had an estimated life of 6 years and a
projected scrap value of P10,000. After 3 years of operation an
explosion made it a total loss. How much money would have to be
raised to put up a new plant costing P150,000, if a depreciation
reserved have been maintained during its 3 years of operation by
Sinking Fund Method. Assume that the interest is 6%.
Given:
L = 6 years
Co = P110,000.00
CL = P10,00.00
n = 3
i = 6% P110,000
P10,000
1y 2y 3y
6yA A A
22. Solution:
d =
Co −CL
(1+𝑖) 𝐿−1
𝑖
𝑜𝑟
(Co −CL) 𝑖
(1+𝑖) 𝐿−1
d =
(110,000 − 10,000)(.06)
(1+.06)6−1
d = P14,336.26
Dn = (d)(
(1+𝑖) 𝑛−1
𝑖
)
D3 = (P14,336.26) (
(1+.06)3−1
.06
)
D3 = P45,640.92
Amount to be raised:
= P150,000 – P45,640.92
= P104,359.08
23. Example 4
A unit of welding machine cost P45,000 with an estimated life of
5 years. Its salvage value is P2,500 find its depreciation rate of
sinking fund method. Assuming that will deposit the money to a
bank giving 8.5%. Solve the depreciation.
Given:
L = 5 years
Co = P45,000.00
CL = P2,500.00
i = 8.5%
d = ?
P45,000
AAA
P2,500
1y 3y 4y
5yA
2y
24. Solution:
d =
Co −CL
(1+𝑖) 𝐿−1
𝑖
𝑜𝑟
(Co −CL) 𝑖
(1+𝑖) 𝐿−1
d =
(45,000 − 2,500)(.085)
(1+.085)5−1
d = P7,172.54
25. Example 5
A certain machinery costs P50,000, last 12 years with a salvage value of
P5,000. Money is worth 5%. If the owner decides to sell it after using it
for 5 years, what should his price be so that he will not lose or gain
financially in the transaction?
Given:
L = 12 years
Co = P50,000.00
CL = P5,000.00
i = 5%
n = 5 years
Cn = ? P50,000
P5,000
1y 2y 3y 4y 5y 6y
12yA A AAAA