eshan ahuja presentation for Energy through 20m3 Biogas PLANTS in rural areas of India

2. Requirements
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Simple – understandable for a non-technical person
Logical- tells a story how approached
Argument is solid
Sufficient background material available
Specific questions on report
All assumptions have been discussed and results compared
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3. Presented by
Eshan Ahuja

4. Introduction

5. The Project
Establishment of 5*20m3 Biogas plants for provision of electricity and natural gas for households .
The Client : Rural Development Department, Government of Haryana: India
The Consultant : EESSI – Energy Efficiency & Sustainability Strategic Initiatives
Project Location : Haryana , India
Design Deenbandhu Bio-gas Model
Projected Outputs: Natural gas and electricity to 12-14 families on a daily basis

6. Rationale
- India is worlds 4th largest energy consumer .
- At present Total installed capacity 209.27GW (2012) .
- 35.5% of the population still live without access to electricity
- India is suffering from :
- Rapidly increasing energy demand
- Deteriorating economic conditions
- Reliance on energy imports to supply energy.

7. Rationale Cont.…
• Demand & Supply Gap :
o Base load requirement was 861,591 (MU) against availability of
788,355 MU, a 8.5% deficit.(2011)
o During peak loads, the demand was for 122 GW against availability of
110 GW, a 9.8% shortfall(2011)
• The electrical energy demand for 2016–17 is expected to be at least 1392
TWH, with a peak electric demand of 218 GW.
• If current average transmission and distribution average losses remain same
(32%), India needs to add about 135 GW of power generation capacity,
before 2017, to satisfy the projected demand after losses.
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8. Energy Crisis
• India needs an investment of at least $135 billion to provide universal access
of electricity to its population.(IEA Reports)
• India’s coal-fired, oil-fired and natural gas-fired thermal power plants are
inefficient and offer significant potential for greenhouse gas (CO2) emission
reduction through better technology. Compared to the average emissions
from coal-fired, oil-fired and natural gas-fired thermal power plants in
European Union (EU-27) countries, India’s thermal power plants emit 50% to
120% more CO2 per kWh produced .
• Per capita average annual domestic electricity consumption in 2009 was 96
kWh in rural areas and 288 kWh in urban areas in contrast to worldwide 2600
kWh and 6200 kWh European Union .
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9. Current Energy Mix of India
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10. Energy from Bio-mass
• India is rich in biomass and has a potential of 16,881MW (agro-residues and
plantations), 5000MW (bagasse cogeneration) and 2700MW (energy
recovery from waste). Biomass power generation in India is an industry that
attracts investments of over INR 6 billion every year, generating more than
5000 million units of electricity and yearly employment of more than 10 million
man-days in the rural areas
• During 2011, some 45000 small scale biogas plants were installed.
Cumulatively, India has installed 4.44 million small scale biogas plants.
• India has additionally commissioned 158 projects under its Biogas based
Distributed/Grid Power Generation programme, with a total installed capacity
of about 2 MW.
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11. Energy Demand Projection Rural and Urban Areas
• Traditionally, rural households are used to keeping five to 10 heads of
livestock (mostly buffaloes and cows) for their agro-pastoral livelihood
activities.
• In rural areas of Asia and Africa, the daily per capita demand of energy
equals 10-15 kWh, which could be covered by about 2m³ of biogas. A biogas
plant, therefore, directly saves forests, assuming that even deadwood is
collected for fuel .
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12. Why bio gas??
- One of cheapest , easily available and clean energy source
- Raw material cost is just 1 Cent Per Kg
- Does not require skilled labor for construction, very low operation and maintenance cost
- India possesses over 280 million buffaloes and cows that yield 4400 million kg of cowdung per day(28.29% of worldwide cow population). About 6 kg of cow-dung can produce 1
m³ of biogas (natural gas).
• Most important thing is that Indian rural areas (target market) have very low energy demands.
They do not have energy intensive lifestyles.
• This is thus a solution as it provides the necessary requirements of
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Cheap
No operating cost locally available fuel
Easily manufactured
Comparatively low emissions as of coal and etc.
Quick fix solution to the energy problem in Pakistan

13. A 20m3 Plant can provide
• Natural gas for 12-14 households (4-5 people per household) on a daily
basis
• Employment of an approximate 100 people during construction of one
plant ( on a rolling basis )
• 6 hours of load shedding (electricity) reduced
• Enhanced agricultural productivity
• Sanitary treatment of wastes
• Efficient and economical recovery of some of the waste carbon as
methane for fuel
• Retention of humus matter and nutrients for use as a fertilizer.

14. Floating gas type Bio-Gas plant
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15. Costs incurred

16. Cost per plant
Description of Item
S.No
Rate/hr *3 Weeks
Amount
(Indian Rupees)
Amount
(AUD)
25,000
Quantity /No
480
21,600
415
2
Studies/ Surveys
Conducted
Labour Cost
Unskilled
3
Material Cost
21,000
403
4
Construction &
Installation cost
40,000
770
5
Transportation cost
6,000
115
6
Construction Supervision
Cost
15,000
289
128,600
2473
1
4
18
1200Rs
Total Cost
* Note
Conversion Rate
1 AUD=52 Rs

17. Costs and Benefits
After the completion of week 7 a government inspection is to be held
resulting in some amount of incentive as per the decision of
government officials on the basis of project’s achievements .
Villagers just have to pay 5c per day of gas supply .
An approximate 5kg of cattle dung is produced per household – since
we pay 1c per kg of dung so the cost is: 5c (paid by villagers) = 5kg*1c
(paid to villagers for dung) Resulting in Zero net cost for villagers
Requirements
Cost Before Bio-gas Plant
After Bio-Gas Plant
LPG= 2 cylinders
1800
Nil
Fuel Wood
750
Nil
Dung Cakes
Daily Labour Cost
Nil
Chemical Fertilizer
600
Nil
Approx. Total Cost
3150
Nil
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18. Social
– Improved quality of life
– Energy Equality in villages ( gap in energy consumption per capita )
– Improved aesthetics: better solid waste management
– A cheaper substitute of fertilizer
– Provision of livelihood to local people

19. Economic
• 12kg of animal waste and 2 kg human excreta reduced in Solid
waste generated per day
• 4 schools lighted
• Enhanced agricultural productivity
• 500-600 people employed ( on a rotational basis )
• 12 tones of fertilizer in form of slurry

20. Environment
• Clean
• Renewable
• Carbon Emission reductions compared to conventional energy
generation methods
• Less waste to landfills/dumping sites
• Improved aesthetics
• Less pollution

21. Time line for project implementation
Note: 1 Week = 1 Month ( Estimation)

22. Challenges and Opportunities :
Opportunities
Positive feedback from government
Cheaper solution to energy crisis
Swift and efficient Path for developing countries to achieve carbon
offsets whilst progressing
Public satisfaction
Challenges
•Overheads
•Land Acquisition problems
•Transportation of raw material for construction
•Climatic variations (monsoon, floods etc.)

23. Support for Biogas Programme by Rural Development Department,
Govt. of Haryana (India)
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Subsidy for installation – 20-40% of cost
Preferential tariff for sale of power
Fee for supervision and warrantee for small plants
Capacity building through:
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Information dissemination
training of officials, constructors & plant users
• Sponsorship for Research and Development
• Monitoring and evaluation
• Fiscal Incentives / Concessions
o Customs duty for imports
o Excise duty for manufacture of RE devices
o Income Tax
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24. Similar Projects but on a large scale
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25. 1.0 MW power project based on cattle dung at Haebowal Dairy Complex
Ludhiana, Punjab
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26. 2 MW biogas power at Kanoria Chem, Ankleshwar
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27. Conclusion
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In countries with poor economic conditions and rapidly increasing population, it is difficult to
invest in technologies which are inefficient as well as major source of carbon emissions
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With concerns of energy, environment and economy a relatively clean, viable and
sustainable source of energy is needed capable of supplementing demands of small
secluded villages with low population and no access to energy
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Bio-gas is a good solution to energy problems in countries like Pakistan as it:
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Is cheap to build, operate and maintain
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Supplements the energy requirements (Gas or Electricity) of secluded villages at a much lower cost
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Requires no energy transmission infrastructure, negligible fuel cost and takes little time to establish

28. References
• Overview of Pakistan's Electricity Crisis, Generation-Mix and
Renewable energy scenarios
• Masud, Jamil, Clean Energy Development in Pakistan, ADB Climate Change
and Energy Workshop, Bangkok (2009)
• Biogas in India, Anil Dhussa , Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Government of India New Delhi
• "Get enlightened about electricity – India ((1 MU = 1 Million Units in India = 1 GWhr)
base load demand supply gap
• "Load Generation Balance Report 2011-12“ peak load demand supply gap
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29. Thank you
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