emPowered Stories: Energy slideshow
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West Virginia is situated between the expanding natural gas industry and the historic coal industry, which are both important to the state's energy needs. The program discussed in the document aims to educate students about career opportunities in the energy sector by exploring topics like how fossil fuels are created, the types of energy production methods, and what energy is used for. The document provides information on various energy sources like coal, natural gas, solar, wind, biomass, hydroelectric, geothermal, and nuclear through a combination of text and links.
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The document discusses various types of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. It provides information on different renewable sources including wind, solar, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass and tidal energy. It explains concepts such as how these sources generate and provide energy. It also discusses non-renewable fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas and how they are formed over long periods of time. The document aims to educate about various energy sources and their usage.
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The document discusses various energy sources including fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas which were formed from ancient plants. It also discusses renewable sources like solar, wind, hydroelectric and geothermal energy as well as nuclear energy. Fossil fuels are nonrenewable since they are being used faster than they can be replaced, while solar is considered an inexhaustible source since the sun will provide energy for billions of years. The document provides information on how different energy sources work and their advantages and disadvantages.
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Mining justice and the clean energy transition
We must urgently transition to a 100% renewable energy economy
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· How Coal Was Formed
· How Coal is Mined
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· Environmental and Public Health Impacts of Coal
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Coal’s proponents claim coal power is cheap. While the direct price of electricity from the nation’s aging fleet of coal plants may be low, it doesn’t reflect the staggering and lasting costs of coal-related air and water pollution, mining accidents, permanently altered landscapes, and, most importantly, climate change. Even the newest proposed plants – which would cost far more than existing plants—would have major impacts on air and water quality, and almost the same mining and climate impacts as existing plants.
Technology is evolving that has the potential to substantially reduce coal’s contribution to global warming by capturing carbon emissions before they are emitted. This technology could become an important part of the battle against global warming, but it remains to be seen whether it will work at a commercial scale and at what cost.
Meanwhile, a 2009 UCS study found that we can dramatically reduce our coal use—and all the environmental and social costs associated with it—while saving energy consumers money with policies that aggressively promote energy efficiency and renewable power.
How Coal Was Formed
Coal was formed when dead plant matter submerged in swamp environments was subjected to geological forces of heat and pressure over hundreds of millions of years. As time went by, the plant matter evolved from moist and low-carbon peat, to coal, which is much higher in energy and carbon content. Coal itself has a wide variation in properties, so it is categorized into 4 ranks—lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous, and anthracite—in order of increasing carbon and energy content. Most of the coal burned in U.S. power plants is of the bituminous or subbituminous variety.
Figure 1: The Process of Coal Formation (Source: KGS)
Coal of all types can vary widely in the amount of sulfur contained. These differences are determined by the conditions under which the coal formed. Low-sulfur coal deposits formed in a freshwater environment, while those containing higher proportions of sulfur developed in brackish swamps or marine-influenced environments.[1] In the United States, the sulfur content of coal resources varies along geographic lines, with most of the eastern coal containing high levels of sulfur, and the younger western coal containing much less.
How Coal is Mined
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1. The lecture discusses conventional energy resources including coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower, and nuclear power. Coal was a major fuel during the industrial revolution and petroleum currently fuels over 55% of transportation.
2. Petroleum formed from decayed plants and is found in sedimentary basins, with over 90% already discovered. It is highly energy dense and easily transported.
3. Major challenges include meeting growing energy demand sustainably while transitioning to cleaner sources as many conventional reserves are being depleted.
Energy crisis in pakistan
This document discusses Pakistan's energy crisis and options for conservation and renewable energy. It notes that Pakistan has been facing shortages in oil and electricity for the past 5-6 years. It then discusses various renewable energy sources that could help address this crisis, including solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, and tidal energy. Small hydro in particular is highlighted as an option well-suited for rural areas not connected to the grid. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of conserving energy and utilizing renewable resources like solar, wind, water, and biomass to help Pakistan's economy and address its current energy challenges.
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The document discusses various non-conventional energy sources including solar energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, hydroelectric energy, biomass energy, and wind energy. It provides information on each type of energy, including how it works, examples of technologies that harness it, advantages and disadvantages. For example, it explains that tidal energy harnesses the potential energy from tidal shifts, and technologies include tidal barrages and tidal stream generators placed in areas with strong tidal currents.
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Kentucky currently relies mainly on coal for energy, which pollutes and contributes to global warming. Geothermal energy is a cleaner alternative that involves using heat from within the Earth. It can be used to generate electricity without pollution and also heat homes directly. Switching from coal to geothermal energy in Kentucky would reduce pollution, allow coal to be sold elsewhere, and be a more sustainable option overall.
Nuclear Energy and Climate Change
This document discusses the role of nuclear energy in addressing climate change. It notes that nuclear reactions produce energy that is one million times greater than chemical reactions. It summarizes climate scientist James Hansen's prediction that rising carbon dioxide levels from burning fossil fuels could cause sea levels to rise up to 18 feet by 2058. The document argues that nuclear reactors can generate electricity without carbon dioxide emissions, thereby reducing global warming.
Nuclear Energy
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Crisis management-Case study electricity crisis in Pakistan
Pakistan has been experiencing a severe electricity crisis since 1999. Current electricity demand is 21,000MW but maximum production is only 5,643MW, resulting in shortfalls of over 5,500MW. Blackouts of 6-16 hours per day occur in cities and rural areas. Pakistan has significant untapped potential for solar, wind, and hydro energy but produces only a small fraction of this. The crisis is due to mismanagement of resources, reliance on expensive fuels, aging infrastructure, economic and political instability, and high losses from theft and poor infrastructure. Solutions include increasing private power producers, reactivating closed plants, importing electricity, utilizing renewable resources, developing coal power, and completing hydro projects.
Durable alternatives to coal
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- 1. Energy Focus With the ever-expanding natural gas industry growing, historic coal industry and our energy needs changing, West Virginia is situated in the middle of these industries. The program is funded under the idea that students understand their capacity in the energy field.
- 2. How are fossil fuels are created?
- 5. Careers in the energy industry…
- 6. What we use energy for?
- 7. How do we use energy?
- 11. www.oocities.org
- 12. Coal • Used for 3,000 years • 40% of electricity is produced by coal • 6 billion tons a year used
- 15. surface or ! opencast mining http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/coal-mining/ www.rtcc.org ilovemountains.org
- 16. underground or 'deep' mining ROOM & PILLAR MINING LONGWALL MINING www.dol.gov mitchellpayes.com kaydawnsblog.blogspot.com
- 17. Natural Gas
- 19. Drilling
- 22. Pictures of a polished section of Marcellus Shale in reflected light. Fracture Shale rock formation 0.2 millimeters
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