America has implemented hundreds of energy policies over the years. Several have been highly successful, but many have also been environmentally ineffective and financially wasteful. Energy Policy Solutions measures the cost and emissions impacts of more than 50 climate and energy policies to determine the best policy package for decarbonizing America's economy while saving billions of dollars. Go to https://www.energypolicy.solutions/ to learn more about our project and create your own policy scenarios using our Energy Policy Simulator.

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ENERGY POLICY
SOLUTIONS
HAL HARVEY

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AMERICA’S ENERGY GOALS:
Energy Policy Solutions aims to find the policies that achieve these goals
AFFORDABLE
CLEAN
RELIABLE
SAFE

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ENERGY POLICY SOLUTIONS
 Identifies the policies that can
deliver on America’s energy
goals most cost-effectively
 Establishes an analytically-
driven approach to reducing
emissions in an efficient and
economically viable way
 Provides the tools and
resources necessary to make
informed policy decisions

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ENERGY POLICY SOLUTIONS
Our reviewers:
 Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
 Argonne National Lab
 National Renewable Energy Lab
 MIT
 Stanford

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ENERGY POLICY SIMULATOR
The Energy Policy Simulator measures the cost and emissions impacts of more
than 50 climate and energy policies.
It is unique in that it:
 Covers all GHG-emitting sectors
 Offers unlimited policy combinations:
users can adjust policy levers and
observe their impacts in real-time
 Is fully open-source; anyone can
download the model and view or
modify its data sources and structure
 Runs on free, publicly-available data

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ENERGY POLICY SIMULATOR
A web application visualizes model results in an easy-to-use interface
https://energypolicy.solutions/scenarios/home

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MODEL FINDINGS
CLEAN POWER PLAN
Target: Reduce electricity-related emissions 32% below 2005 levels by 2030
Policy Settings:
 Coal Plant Retirements
 Industrial Efficiency Standards
 Renewable Electricity + Transmission
 Building Codes and Appliance Standards
 R&D
Clean Power Plan is relatively easy to achieve

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MODEL FINDINGS
US 2025 EMISSIONS TARGET
Target: Reduce economy-wide emissions 26-28% below 2005 levels by 2025
Policy Settings:
 Fuel Economy Standards
 Car Feebate
 Urban Mobility
 Electric Vehicles
 Renewable Electricity + Transmission
 Coal Plan Retirement
 Building Codes and Appliance Standards
 Revenue-Neutral Carbon Tax
 Reduced F-gases
 Methane capture
 Clean On-Site Industrial Energy
 Industrial Efficiency Standards
 Forest Expansion
 Coal Efficiency Improvement
 Retrofitting
The U.S. 2025 emissions target is challenging, but doable

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ENERGY POLICY SOLUTIONS
SCENARIOS
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
MILLIONMETRICTONSCO2e
EMISSIONS
BUSINESS AS USUAL
2013 2015 2020 2025 2030

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ENERGY POLICY SOLUTIONS
SCENARIOS
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
MILLIONMETRICTONSCO2e
EMISSIONS
BUSINESS AS USUAL
CLEAN POWER PLAN
2013 2015 2020 2025 2030

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ENERGY POLICY SOLUTIONS
SCENARIOS
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
MILLIONMETRICTONSCO2e
EMISSIONS
BUSINESS AS USUAL
US 2025 CLIMATE TARGET
CLEAN POWER PLAN
POLICY SOLUTIONS
2013 2015 2020 2025 2030

12. 120
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
MILLIONMETRICTONSCO2e P O L I C Y S O L U T I O N S
EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS
2013 2015 2025 20302020
LAND USE
BUILDINGS
ELECTRICITY
TRANSPORTINDUSTRYCARBONTAX
0%
100%
Revenue-Neutral Carbon Tax
Reduced F-Gases
Methane Capture
Clean On-Site Industrial Energy
Industrial Efficiency Standards
Car Feebate
Fuel Economy Standards
Urban Mobility
Electric Vehicles Forest Expansion
Coal Plant Retirements
Renewable Electricity + Transmission
Coal Efficiency Improvement
Building Codes and
Appliance Standards
Retrofitting

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-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2013 2015 2020 2025 2030
BILLION2012$
CUMULATIVE COSTS AND SAVINGS
Clean Power Plan
Policy Solutions
COSTS
Values are in inflation-adjusted 2012 dollars, discounted at 3% annually
from a base year of 2016. Assumes carbon tax is revenue-neutral.
SAVINGS
Savings by 2019 Savings by 2027

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0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
2013 2015 2020 2025 2030
TRILLION2012$
CUMULATIVE SOCIAL BENEFITS
Clean Power Plan
Policy Solutions
BENEFITS
Social benefits include only avoided mortality due to
particulates and avoided contribution to climate damages.

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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2013 2015 2020 2025 2030
TRILLION2012$
NET BENEFITS (ECONOMIC + SOCIAL)
Clean Power Plan
Policy Solutions
Values represent the sum of economic benefits (inflation-adjusted 2012 dollars,
discounted at 3% annually from a base year of 2016) and social benefits. Assumes
carbon tax is revenue-neutral.
BENEFITS

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KEY MESSAGES
Carbon reductions can be done across the economy
at a relatively quick pace
This requires great policy design and implementation
Doing this properly can save hundreds of billions of
dollars

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POLICIES THAT WORK
 Reward performance, not investment, being
wary of unintended consequences
 Set goals and empower market forces to drive
the best solutions
 Require consistent, predictable performance
improvements
 Set a long-term trajectory
These principals promote competition, accelerate
technology, and drastically cut costs.

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THANK YOU
@HAL_HARVEY
@ENERGYINNOVLLC
HAL HARVEY
WWW.ENERGYINNOVATION.ORG