This presentation could help you better understand Italian GPP energy criteria for public lighting systems, and also it will show you some other criteria that go beyond energy saving

1. Master
LIGHTING DESIGN
& LED TECHNOLOGY
14th edition
GPP Public lighting energy criteria
& beyond
Speaker:
Matteo Seraceni
Hera Luce Chief Technical and R&D Officer

2. Do we really need energy-efficient
public lighting systems?

3. Power panel:3%
Poles: 18%
Laying of cable
ducts and wiring:
27%
Fixture’s purchase
and installation:8%
Maintenance: 12%
Energy: 32%
Purchase:10%
Maintenance and
dismission:25%
Energy:65%
Total Cost of Ownership
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is the sum of all direct and indirect expenses incurred
throughout the entire lifecycle of a luminaire or a lighting system. TCO factors in costs
accumulated from purchase all the way to decommission: this typically includes costs for
installing, deploying, operating, maintaining and dismantling the asset.
source: HL internal data (SAP benchmarks)
LIGHTING FIXTURES LIGHTING SYSTEMS
Do we need energy-efficient lighting systems?
Total Cost of Ownership

4. TOTAL COST
OF OWNERSHIP
start end
Replacement
Maintenance
Purchase
Implementation
Replacement
Maintenance
Disposal
Removal
TCO
energy consumption
Do we need energy-efficient lighting systems?
Total Cost of Ownership

5. TOTAL COST
OF OWNERSHIP
DATI IMPIANTO
Descrizione VM SAP LED
N.ro apparecchi 100 100 100
Tipo Sorgente 125W HQL 70W SAP 50W LED
Wlamp* 125 W 70 W 50 W
Wapp 137 W 77 W 50 W
Φapp 6.000 lm 6.500 lm 6.500 lm
k** 0% 20% 30%
Costo f.p.o.*** € 0,00 € 200,00 € 300,00
Costo sostituzione apparecchio € 0,00 € 200,00 € 300,00
Vita media apparecchio 160000 ore 160000 ore 60000 ore
Costo sostituzione sorgente € 35,00 € 35,00 € 0,00
Vita media sorgente 14000 ore 16000 ore 60000 ore
Costo sostituzione alimentatore € 50,00 € 45,00 € 0,00
Vita media alimentatore 120000 ore 16000 ore 60000 ore
Costo pulizia apparecchio**** € 0,00 € 0,00 € 25,00
Intervallo pulizia 0 anni 0 anni 4 anni
Apparecchio di confronto Soluzione 1 Soluzione 2
Do we need energy-efficient lighting systems?
Total Cost of Ownership

6. ANTHROPOCENE
Anthropocene has
become an
environmental buzzword
ever since the
atmospheric chemist and
Nobel laureate Paul
Crutzen popularized it in
2000 (even if the idea of
an epoch dominated by
human activities dates
back to late 19th century)
The Anthropocene
defines Earth's most
recent geologic time
period as being human-
influenced, or
anthropogenic, based on
overwhelming global
evidence that earth
system processes are
now altered by humans.
Do we need energy-efficient lighting systems?
Climate changes
source: U.S. National Climate Assessment (2014) source: USGCRP (2009)
HUMAN FACTOR INFLUENCE GHG CONCENTRATION
Sustainability
Today lighting design can not be separated from the assessment of
environmental impact

7. source: OECD/IEA (2011)
GLOBAL ENERGY DEMAND
by country
Energy consumption
In the years to come, energy demand (and production) is going to rise,
especially in India, China and other developing countries.
Fossil fuels will provide most of global energy needs.
source: EIA (2012)
GLOBAL ENERGY DEMAND
by source
Do we need energy-efficient lighting systems?
Energy demand

8. Kyoto
Protocol
(1997)
Bali Action
Plan
(2007)
COP15
Copenhagen
(2009)
COP21
Paris
(2015)
source: UNEP (2015)
COP21
SCHEDULE
UN CLIMATE
NEGOTIATIONS
The UN Framework
Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) was
adopted in 1992
In the mid 1990s, the
UNFCCC signatories
realized that stronger
provisions were needed
to reduce emissions: in
1997, they agreed the
Kyoto Protocol, which
introduced legally binding
emission reduction
targets for developed
countries
The COP21 agreement
sets out a global action
plan to put the world on
track to avoid dangerous
climate change by
limiting global warming to
well below 2°C
Do we need energy-efficient lighting systems?
Climate agreements

9. source: EUROSTAT (2012)
EU ENERGY COSTS (€/kWh)
Energy costs
Italy's energy costs are among the highest in Europe: lighting systems efficiency
could assume a primary role in reducing operating cost
Do we need energy-efficient lighting systems?
Energy costs

10. Expenditure on public lighting
For municipalities, expenditure on public lighting represents almost 25% of
whole expenditure items
source: FIRE (2012)
EXPENDITURE ITEMS
25%
25%FOR PUBLIC LIGHTING
Do we need energy-efficient lighting systems?
The role of Public Lighting

11. COST
SAVING
vs
COST
CUTTING
Improve energy efficiency
→ optimize energy use
INCREASED
ENERGY
DEMAND
Turn off / remove lighting systems
→ reduce functionality
Build more power plants
→ increase energy production
Use dimming systems
→ rational use of energy
Do we need energy-efficient lighting systems?
Which path to choose?
Better Planning &
Lighting Design

12. Not just a matter
of technology

13. Energy-efficient technologies offer considerable promises for reducing
the costs and environmental damages associated with energy use,
but these technologies appear not to be extensively used due to
market failures
Energy
Efficiency
Gap

14. Administrators usually can
hardly deal with technical matters
and could misunderstand data
provided by manufacturers
Lighting flux
Electronic ballast
?
?
Market failures
Information asymmetry
Maintenance factor
?
Mesopic vision
400W SAP – 100W LED
200.000 hrs
Manufacturers are used to show
features that are difficult to
understand and verify, if not
intentionally misrepresented
RISKS
Adverse selection
immoral behavior
before a transaction
Moral hazard
immoral behavior
after a transaction
Disappearing of
the market
when the quality of
the goods left in the
market is adverse,
or undesirable?
?
!
!
!

15. Cherries Lemons
Sellers
Buyers
George Akerlof
Nobel Memorial Prize
in Economic Sciences
2001
The markets for lemons
quality uncertainty and
the market mechanism
(lemons : defective used cars)
5.000 € 1.000 €
5.500 € 1.500 € 3.500 €
(neutral expectation)
1.000 € ÷ 5.000 €
???
Market failures
Information asymmetry

16. All goods whose
quality is above
average are
excluded from the
market
X
Market failures
Information asymmetry

17. All goods whose
quality is above
average are
excluded from the
market
X
Market failures
Information asymmetry

18. All goods whose
quality is above
average are
excluded from the
market
X
X
Market failures
Information asymmetry

19. All goods whose
quality is above
average are
excluded from the
market
X
X
X
Market failures
Information asymmetry

20. All goods whose
quality is above
average are
excluded from the
market
X
X
X
X
Market failures
Information asymmetry
The bad drives out
the goods

21. Industry
standards
Industry standards
set minimum
requirements for
goods and services
thus screening
firms that met these
standards
External
Product
Certification
Firms may attain
external product
certification so that
consumers can rely
on expert
verification of the
quality of their
goods and services
Reputation &
Trust
Brand names
established over
long periods of
customer
satisfaction it’s a
way of signaling
about product
quality
Guarantees &
Warranties
It’s an implicit
assurance of higher
quality goods and
services and also,
in case of faulty
product, you can
have a chance to
return the item or
have it replaced
Consumers
Protection
Regulations
Consumer
protection laws are
designed to set a
standard by which
all firms must legally
comply
Market failures
Solutions to the Lemon Problem

22. Market failures
Energy performance
Energy
performance
certification could
be identified as a
betterment which
may also be used
for qualification and
promotion of
manufacturers.
A building’s
energy
certification is
easy to understand
and clearly
expresses the
quality and the
efficiency of the
building itself.
Public lighting energy criteria
- Translate technical data into easy-to-read pointers
- Highlight the most efficient luminaires and lighting systems
- Assess the difference between various technologies

23. LIFE
CYCLE
ASSESSMENT
Holistic approach
Life Cycle Thinking
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a holistic
approach to determining the total
environmental impacts of a product or service
from extraction of raw materials and
processing, to distribution, use, and end of life.
By translating input and output data into more
environmentally relevant information, LCA can
offer a window into the environmental
performance of products and can reduce the
environmental burdens associated with a
product, process, or activity.
RAW MATERIALS
MANUFACTURING
PACKAGING
DISTRIBUTION
USE
END-OF-LIFE
Life Cycle Assessment
=
measuring environmental impact

24. CIRCULAR
ECONOMY
Holistic approach
Life Cycle Thinking
Circular economy means creating value for
the economy, society and business while
minimizing resource use and environmental
and social impacts.
Looking beyond the current take-make-dispose
extractive industrial model, a circular economy
aims to redefine growth, focusing on positive
society-wide benefits. It entails gradually
decoupling economic activity from the
consumption of finite resources, and designing
waste out of the system.
Circular Economy
=
resource efficiency

25. What is
the Government's role?

26. Green Public Procurement
Building on Environmental Life-Cycle Thinking
Public Authorities
Products
Manufacturers
ENVIRONMENT
_______
PEOPLE
PA are major
consumers: using their
purchasing power to
choose green goods
and services they can
stimulate a critical
mass of demand
Sustainable
goods and
services for
everyone in
the market

27. Going beyond
traditional
focuses to
include
environmental,
social and
economic
impacts
Reducing the
environmental
burden of
products and
services
throughout their
life cycles
Green Public Procurement
Integrated Product Policy
Integrated
Product
Policy
(IPP)
Life
Cycle
Thinking
(LCT)
Green Public Procurement
is a process whereby
public authorities seek to
procure goods, services
and works with a reduced
environmental impact
throughout their life cycle
Environmental
improvements and
better product
performance go hand in
hand and could support
long-term industrial
competitiveness
GPP relies on having
clear, verifiable,
justifiable and ambitious
environmental criteria for
products and services,
based on a Life Cycle
Thinking approach and
scientific evidence base
IPP
Integrated
Product
Policy

28. Mandatory
100% tenders involving EuP products and services
50% tenders involving non Eup products and services
D.Lgs 50/2016 (nuovo codice appalti)

29. Green Public Procurement
How does it work?
LCA
NON LCA
Life Cycle Assessment
light sources and fixtures
Hazardous substances
Total Cost of Ownership
(TCO)
Material circularity
measurement
Light pollution
Information asymmetry
Lighting designers
Use phase: energy and durability
Mercury disposal
Assessing the entire lifecycle of a
luminaire or a lighting system
Social sustainability
Data interchange (XML)
Certified photometric reports
Direct the luminous flux only
where it is needed
Lighting designer’s definition and
professional qualification

30. Green Public Procurement
How does it work?
Core criteria
Basic criteria that address the key
environmental impacts: they are designed to
be used with minimum additional verification
effort or cost increases
Comprehensive criteria
Comprehensive criteria that are
made for those who wish to
purchase the best environmental
products available on the market
through betterments +
++
+++

31. How has GPP dealt with energy
savings in lighting?

32. Public Lighting Energy Criteria
Energy Criteria Assessment
Public
Lighting
System
What? How?

33. Public Lighting Energy Criteria
Energy Criteria Assessment
IPEA* (Parameterized Energy Index for light Fixtures)
IPEI* (Parameterized Energy Index for lighting Systems)
is designed to clarify what is inside the
fixture and therefore whether the
components are of top quality and thus
efficient or not
is designed to give a broad evaluation
of lighting system’s performances and
thus to compare different systems with
equal boundary conditions

34. Public Lighting Energy Criteria
Energy Criteria Assessment
!

35. LIGHT
FIXTURES
Energy Classes
IPEA*
W
input
Luminaire
output
Dlor/Dff
lm
A luminaire is a device used
to create artificial light by
absorbing electrical power

36. LIGHT
FIXTURES
Energy Classes
IPEA*
efficacy =
lm
Dlor/Dff
W
Efficacy is measured as the
ratio of useful output to total
input

37. REFERENCE
EFFICACY
Energy Classes
IPEA*
GPP distinguish between 5 different
luminaire’s type:
• Road lighting
• Area lighting, roundabout, parking lot
• Pedestrian area and bike lane lighting
• Green area lighting
• City center with historic lantern
The reference
efficacy depends
upon luminaire’s
type and power
absorption

38. r
a
IPEA


*
IPEA
Parameterized
Energy Index
for light
Fixtures
Energy Classes
IPEA*
Lamp efficiency
Ballast efficacy
DLOR
(Downward Light Output Ratio)
Regulation CE 245/2009
B.A.T.
Environment Criteria
Luminaire’s global efficacy
Reference efficacy
Core criterion

39. LIGHTING
SYSTEMS
Energy Classes
IPEI*
W
Outdoor
lighting
system
input output
Luminaire
m2Area to be lit
lux
Lighting
performances
A lighting system provide
a precise amount of light
within an outdoor area

40. LIGHTING
SYSTEMS
Energy Classes
IPEI*
efficiency
(power density)
W
m2
lux
In this case efficiency is
measured as the ratio of
total input to useful output
(as a power density)
=

41. REFERENCE
EFFICIENCY
Energy Classes
IPEI*
The reference
efficacy depends
upon lighting
classes

42. IPEI
Parameterized
Energy Index
for Lighting
Systems
Energy Classes
IPEI*
Fixture’s energy consumption
Distance between fixtures
Area to be lit
Lighting requirements
Regulation CE 245/2009
B.A.T.
Environment criteria
UNI EN 13201
Project Power Density
Reference Power Density
Core criterion
RDp
Dp
IPEI *

43. IPEI
Parameterized
Energy Index
for Lighting
Systems
Energy Classes
IPEI*
18°C
MF: 0,80
Road surface: C2
We don’t want to just evaluate efficiency: efficiency is compared to reference values to
identify best available practices and – under equal boundary conditions and lighting
performances – less energy-consuming solutions.
The parameterized energy index for lighting systems is based on
objective parameters and express an absolute value (namely it does
consider constant boundary conditions).
We don’t want to just evaluate energy consumption: if we would like to do that, we just
need an amperometer.

44. How does it work?

45. For Designers
IPEA* & IPEI* calculation
Road characteristics:
+ Street class: F2 (local)
+ Carriageway: 6m
+ Pole height: 7m
+ Pole layout: one sided
Norm adopted: UNI 11248-2012
Visual task: normal Project lighting class : ME4b

46. For Designers
IPEA* & IPEI* calculation
Luminaire with
magnetic ballast

47. For Designers
IPEA* & IPEI* calculation
Luminaire with
electronic ballast

48. For Designers
IPEA* & IPEI* calculation

49. For Designers
IPEA* & IPEI* calculation

50. For Administrators
Luminaires & Lighting Systems evaluation
LED 1 LED 2
Luminous flux (fixture): 6200 lm
Luminous flux (lamp): 6200 lm
Luminaire’s energy consumption: 85.0 W
CIE Fixture class: 100
CIE Flux Code: 47 80 97 100 100
Luminous flux (fixture): 7091 lm
Luminous flux (lamp): 8108 lm
Luminaire’s energy consumption: 78.0 W
CIE Fixture class: 100
CIE Flux Code: 39 78 97 100 87
?

51. For Administrators
Luminaires & Lighting Systems evaluation
1000 € 300 €
LED 1 LED 2
Luminous flux (fixture): 6200 lm
Luminous flux (lamp): 6200 lm
Luminaire’s energy consumption: 85.0 W
CIE Fixture class: 100
CIE Flux Code: 47 80 97 100 100
Luminous flux (fixture): 7091 lm
Luminous flux (lamp): 8108 lm
Luminaire’s energy consumption: 78.0 W
CIE Fixture class: 100
CIE Flux Code: 39 78 97 100 87
?
!

52. Road 1
Length: 37.000 m, Width: 6.500 m
Grid: 13 x 6 Points
Evaluation of carriageway:
Road Surface: C2, q0: 0.070
Project lighting class: ME4b
Road 1
Length: 28.000 m, Width: 6.500 m
Grid: 10 x 6 Points
Evaluation of carriageway:
Road Surface: C2, q0: 0.070
Project lighting class: ME5
For Administrators
Luminaires & Lighting Systems evaluation
LED 1 LED 2
?

53. Road 1
Length: 37.000 m, Width: 6.500 m
Grid: 13 x 6 Points
Evaluation of carriageway:
Road Surface: C2, q0: 0.070
Project lighting class: ME4b
Road 1
Length: 28.000 m, Width: 6.500 m
Grid: 10 x 6 Points
Evaluation of carriageway:
Road Surface: C2, q0: 0.070
Project lighting class: ME5
For Administrators
Luminaires & Lighting Systems evaluation
LED 1 LED 2
?
!1000 € 200 €

54. For Administrators
Luminaires & Lighting Systems evaluation
!!
LED 1 LED 2

55. Energy classes
Lighting systems over time
2014
A3+C IPEI*=1.14 IPEI*=1.01
IPEI*=0.94 IPEI*=0.98
IPEI*=0.58
C B B A2+
C C B A2+C A4+
IPEA*
IPEI*
201120072002 2017
GPP baseline

56. Beyond energy efficiency

57. XML
FILE CAD
Lighting Design
Photometric Analysis
Catalogue
Photometry
Technical specs
3D model
Spectrometry
Data sheet
UNI – GL7
Traditional file format (i.e.
eulumdat) could only be
used for specification of
photometric data.
XML file could provide a
comprehensive set of
luminaire’s data.
Beyond energy efficiency
Data interchange

58. LIGHT
POLLUTION
Inner city
Countryside
Road lighting
Area lighting, roundabouts,
parking lots
Pedestrian areas and bike lane
lighting or green areas lighting
City center with historic lanterns
While preserving dark skies we must also consider city zoning and
peculiarities (i.e. aggregation or cultural sites, artistic heritages, etc): We
need a balance between light pollution reduction and lighting design for
people needs.
Beyond energy efficiency
Assessing light pollution

59. CIRCULAR
ECONOMY
INPUT
Manufacturing Packaging Use/maintenance End of life
XX%XX% XX%XX% XX%XX% XX%XX%
RecyclingDumps RecyclingDumps RecyclingDumps RecyclingDumps
OUTPUT
XX%XX%
RecyclingDumps
We urge to develop measurable circular business
methodologies: Italian GPP for lighting fixtures and lighting
systems provides as a comprehensive criteria a measure
of how materials are flowing through the supply chain and
back into new products.
Energy
Beyond energy efficiency
Material circularity measurement

60. Energy savings
in public lighting

61. Saving rules
- Supply lighting where and when needed, in appropriate quantities (lighting master plan)
- Adopt energy-efficient technologies (market research)
- Design better, more efficient lighting systems (lighting design)
- Adopt lighting control systems (lighting management)
1. Replacing old luminaires (usually old HID fixtures) with new energy-efficient
luminaires
2. Adopting proper lighting levels (or not exceeding minimum recommended
illumination levels when there is no need to do it)
3. Adopting lighting (and power) control systems during nighttime, when traffic is
lower
4. Operating and maintaining lighting systems in the right way
5. Empowering lighting design with a lighting master plan
20 ÷ 30%
5 ÷ 15%
10 ÷ 20%
3 ÷ 5%
5 ÷ 10%
Savings potential
Energy savings in public lighting
A quick recap

62. TOE saved TOE/year 430.364
CO2 saved t CO2/year 1.334.820
Equivalent trees n° 1.000.000
National total savings
adopting GPP - Minimum Environment Criteria
X 1.000 €
532.188
(33,5%)
Energy savings in public lighting
National savings with Public Lighting GPP

63. Any questions ?
You can find me at
◉ matteo.seraceni@gruppohera.it
◉ 0541 908915
Thanks!