LED lighting provides significant benefits over fluorescent lighting in healthcare facilities. It improves patient health and recovery through better light quality, reduced UV exposure, and support of circadian rhythms. LEDs also provide financial benefits through much longer lifespan, reduced energy and maintenance costs. By switching to LEDs, healthcare facilities can create a healthier environment for patients and staff while reducing environmental impact and saving money.
This document provides a guide to proper lighting for living walls. It discusses the importance of light for plant growth and health. The key points covered include:
- Photosynthesis depends on blue and red light absorption, so light quality is important. Lux and foot-candle measurements do not fully reflect this.
- Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) and Daily Light Integral (DLI) better measure effective light levels for plants. Most tropical plants need a DLI of at least 4-8.
- Different light bulb types provide varying spectra of light. LEDs and metal-halide lamps often provide a good balance of blue and red wavelengths for plants.
- Proper light intensity,
This white paper discusses converting traditional lighting to LED lighting in commercial buildings. It notes that lighting accounts for over 70% of electricity used in commercial buildings in the US. Retrofitting with LEDs can reduce energy consumption by 50-80% while maintaining or improving lighting quality. LEDs offer significant savings in energy, maintenance, and have a longer lifespan than traditional lighting. The paper provides examples of suitable indoor and outdoor applications for LED lighting and notes the benefits of LEDs such as high quality light, low heat emission, and quick restart time.
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on blue LEDs. It discusses the history and development of blue LEDs, highlighting key inventors. It describes the construction and working principles of blue LEDs using gallium nitride semiconductors. The document outlines the major challenges in developing bright blue LEDs and their advantages for applications such as white lighting, displays, and water purification. Blue LEDs were crucial for developing energy efficient and long-lasting white LEDs, earning their inventors the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Comparison of light emitting diode curing unit and halogen based light curing...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document presents a case study on converting street lights from high-pressure sodium vapor (HPSV) lamps to LEDs at an engineering university. Replacing the existing HPSV lamps with LEDs is estimated to save over 70% in energy, while providing additional benefits like cooler light, decreased maintenance costs, and a longer lifespan. LEDs are more efficient and durable than HPSV lamps. They turn on instantly, can be switched frequently without degradation, and are more environmentally friendly as they do not contain mercury. The case study analyses the energy and financial savings from converting the university's street lights to LEDs.
Blue LED as we all know is the discovery of the century. Its applications spans most of our needs in day to day life and it is one of the greatest innovations in the history of mankind for which it was given nobel.
The document describes a group's project to build an improved dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and incorporate it into a boat. The group conducted activities to investigate photosynthesis, separate leaf pigments, measure a solar cell's performance, and make their own DSSC. Their goal was to power lights on boats using the energy collected from the DSSC. They recommend further developing the technology to power more devices. The project provided hands-on experience in designing and testing a solar cell idea.
This document provides a guide to proper lighting for living walls. It discusses the importance of light for plant growth and health. The key points covered include:
- Photosynthesis depends on blue and red light absorption, so light quality is important. Lux and foot-candle measurements do not fully reflect this.
- Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) and Daily Light Integral (DLI) better measure effective light levels for plants. Most tropical plants need a DLI of at least 4-8.
- Different light bulb types provide varying spectra of light. LEDs and metal-halide lamps often provide a good balance of blue and red wavelengths for plants.
- Proper light intensity,
This white paper discusses converting traditional lighting to LED lighting in commercial buildings. It notes that lighting accounts for over 70% of electricity used in commercial buildings in the US. Retrofitting with LEDs can reduce energy consumption by 50-80% while maintaining or improving lighting quality. LEDs offer significant savings in energy, maintenance, and have a longer lifespan than traditional lighting. The paper provides examples of suitable indoor and outdoor applications for LED lighting and notes the benefits of LEDs such as high quality light, low heat emission, and quick restart time.
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on blue LEDs. It discusses the history and development of blue LEDs, highlighting key inventors. It describes the construction and working principles of blue LEDs using gallium nitride semiconductors. The document outlines the major challenges in developing bright blue LEDs and their advantages for applications such as white lighting, displays, and water purification. Blue LEDs were crucial for developing energy efficient and long-lasting white LEDs, earning their inventors the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Comparison of light emitting diode curing unit and halogen based light curing...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document presents a case study on converting street lights from high-pressure sodium vapor (HPSV) lamps to LEDs at an engineering university. Replacing the existing HPSV lamps with LEDs is estimated to save over 70% in energy, while providing additional benefits like cooler light, decreased maintenance costs, and a longer lifespan. LEDs are more efficient and durable than HPSV lamps. They turn on instantly, can be switched frequently without degradation, and are more environmentally friendly as they do not contain mercury. The case study analyses the energy and financial savings from converting the university's street lights to LEDs.
Blue LED as we all know is the discovery of the century. Its applications spans most of our needs in day to day life and it is one of the greatest innovations in the history of mankind for which it was given nobel.
The document describes a group's project to build an improved dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and incorporate it into a boat. The group conducted activities to investigate photosynthesis, separate leaf pigments, measure a solar cell's performance, and make their own DSSC. Their goal was to power lights on boats using the energy collected from the DSSC. They recommend further developing the technology to power more devices. The project provided hands-on experience in designing and testing a solar cell idea.
The document describes the development of a dental curing light. It analyzes existing products on the market and outlines a timeline for reverse engineering and developing improvements. The proposed new design aims to decrease components, improve comfort, reduce size and cost. Key specifications and components are listed, including using a blue LED, microcontroller, battery, and modes of operation. Circuit diagrams and printed circuit boards are shown for the new affordable and portable dental curing light.
Hydroponics School Lesson Plan 2 - Lighting
|=> In this lesson we are going to learn about photosynthesis and how plants need light to grow. It is very possible to grow in an enclosed space with the right artificial light, but not all light sources are created equal.
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Ellipz Lighting Technology is a global lighting company founded in 2005 by two grandsons of the Philips family. They have sold over 5 million LED lighting units to date for indoor and outdoor applications. Ellipz focuses on developing the world's most efficient LED lights through their patented technology of using red and green LEDs to produce white light, rather than blue LEDs with phosphors. This approach provides lighting that is better for human vision and health by reducing blue light exposure compared to standard LED lights.
This document discusses outdoor lighting and the human eye's response to light. It notes that traditional lighting methods are inefficient and consume high energy to produce light. The eye perceives light differently under varying intensities and colors. Traditional lighting standards are based on daylight vision but the eye behaves differently at night, seeing best in the blue-green spectrum. The document introduces Ellipz lighting, which produces light tuned to the eye's night vision through specific LED combinations without phosphors. This allows better vision with less energy by providing optimal spectral composition for indoor and outdoor applications.
LED lighting provides several advantages over fluorescent and tungsten halogen lighting for vision inspection systems. LEDs produce high intensity light with stable, uniform output without flicker. This results in clear inspection images with lower noise levels compared to other lighting sources. LEDs also have a very long lifespan of up to 100,000 hours and require little maintenance. Properly controlling the temperature of LEDs is important to maximize their performance and consistency over time.
The document compares induction lighting, high intensity discharge (HID) lighting, fluorescent tubes, and compact fluorescent lighting. Some key points:
- Induction lighting has the longest warranty and life at 5-10 years and 60,000-100,000 hours. HID and fluorescent lamps have shorter warranties and lives of under 20,000 hours.
- Induction lighting has the highest energy saving efficiency and lumen efficacy compared to other options.
- Induction lighting produces less heat than HID lamps and has a lower lamp operating temperature, which can reduce air conditioning costs.
- Induction lighting contains no mercury and has no environmental safety concerns associated with lamp waste. Fluorescent and HID options
This document compares and contrasts LED and HID (high intensity discharge) grow lights. It discusses that while HID lights have traditionally dominated the horticultural lighting market, LEDs are positioned to take over the leading role. Some key advantages of LEDs outlined include longer lifespan, higher energy efficiency savings of 50-70% over HIDs, ability to target specific wavelengths for optimal plant growth, and lack of toxic materials or need for cooling. The document provides detailed information on light spectra, plant absorption, and how different wavelengths impact photomorphogenesis.
Up to 19% of worldwide electricity is consumed by lighting and over 90% of that energy is wasted. With first generation LEDs, energy consumption can be reduced by over 50%. OGEN LED lighting claims to save over 90% energy consumption and reduce CO2 emissions equivalent to 13.6 billion trees or more than a billion barrels of oil. As the world's first and only second generation LED lighting provider, OGEN LED aims to provide the most efficient indoor and outdoor LED lighting solutions through its patented technologies and global presence.
- LEDs (light emitting diodes) are semiconductor light sources that emit light through electroluminescence when activated by electricity. Blue LEDs in particular are important for making white light.
- Blue LEDs were difficult to develop because they require gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductors, which are challenging to grow. Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, and Shuji Nakamura received the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics for inventing the blue LED.
- LED technology has advanced greatly since its invention in 1907. Blue and other colored LEDs now have many applications including displays, lighting, sterilization, and hygiene.
An LED seminar was presented on blue LEDs. Blue LEDs work by recombining positive and negative charges in a gallium nitride crystal, producing blue photons. Developing efficient blue LEDs was challenging and required doping aluminum gallium nitride and indium gallium nitride alloys. Blue LEDs have advantages like storing more information than infrared light and lower power consumption. Applications include mobile phones, tablets, laptops and computer monitors. In the future, blue LED technology is expected to continue improving.
This document provides information on LED lighting technologies. It begins by explaining what an LED is and how it works as a semiconductor that emits light when electric current passes through it. It then discusses the benefits of choosing LED lights over traditional lighting sources like incandescent and fluorescent bulbs, such as energy efficiency, long lifespan, reliability, cost effectiveness, lack of noise, better safety, and lack of heat emission. The document provides comparison charts of LEDs versus other light sources and gives examples of appropriate places to use LED lighting. It also describes several types of explosion proof LED lights that can be used in hazardous locations.
Mohamed Hasanin Farg prepared a research paper on Blue Light Emitting Diodes for his Premaster degree at Mansoura University Faculty of Science Physics Department. The paper discusses the history and development of blue LEDs, including the breakthroughs of Isamu Akasaki in growing gallium nitride crystals and doping techniques that allowed for high-quality blue LEDs. It covers key topics like the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, n-type and p-type doping, and growth methods like molecular beam epitaxy and hydride vapor phase epitaxy that were crucial to producing efficient blue LEDs. The main applications of blue LEDs are noted to be traffic signals, automotive
The document is a final project report on solid state lighting submitted by four students. It discusses semiconductor LED and OLED technologies. For semiconductor LEDs, it explains how the technology works based on a p-n junction and electron-hole recombination. White light is achieved through either RGB mixing or using phosphor coatings. The creation of LEDs involves epitaxial growth methods. Issues with efficiency and light quality are discussed along with potential solutions.
Trends in hospital building since the introduction of competition in 2009; th...Theo Staats
European Health Property Network 2014 Workshop
Thinking differently about healthcare buildings
Innovative infrastructure planning and design to improve the quality and safety of care.
Trends in hospital building since the introduction of competition in 2009; the case of the Netherlands.
Fred Bisschop, Leo Mimpen and Theo Staats, nCZB.nl
In this presentation we will give a picture of what happened in building hospitals in the Netherlands since 2009, the year when Dutch hospitals had to compete for contracts with health insurers, who in their turn had to compete with each other in order to get as much insured as possible.
Because of this system change hospitals no longer needed government approval for their investment plans. On the other hand they cannot carry out any substantial project without banks being willing to provide loans. This again means that banks have to be confident about future earnings of the hospital involved.
We will first summarise the relevant policy developments in the Netherlands from 2009 on. We will see that changes often took more time than initially expected and that at the same time other important developments took place which are also very relevant for building activities of hospitals.
Second we will try to look at what was expected to happen from a theoretical point of view. What does economic theory say about competition in health care and what can be derived from experiences in other countries like the US and countries with a (partial) commercial hospital sector?
Thirdly we interviewed stakeholders from the different parties in health care, such as the various types of providers, health insurers and banks involved in financing health care projects etc.
At the conclusion of our presentation we will try to sketch possible future developments considering not only the effects of competition, but also the other relevant trends such as the need to cooperate between parties from a quality perspective, changes in the demand for health care, etc. We will also comment on the introduction of a law allowing hospitals to operate on a for profit basis in this context.
In 2013 Fred Bisschop started, together with his two partners Leo Mimpen and Theo Staats, a consultancy network called nCZB. They continue to work in the tradition of the former Bouwcollege and Dutch Centre for Health Care and Architecture by looking at investment plans in a multidisciplinary and independent way. They have a permanent supporting role for CZ, one of the largest Dutch health insurers. They also have the mission to keep on publishing about subjects which are of general interest. Last year they published about the key figures to be used when making investment plan based on the former building guidelines.
www.nCZB.nl
The document provides information about the maternity tour and procedures at Sibley Hospital. It explains what to expect when arriving at the hospital in labor, being admitted, the labor and delivery process, procedures after delivery, visiting hours and facilities for postpartum care, and information needed for discharge. Key areas covered include parking, entering the hospital, admissions, labor and delivery rooms, neonatal care, postpartum rooms, lactation services, and requirements for discharge.
This document provides information from Dr. Nupur Gupta about modes of delivery and childbirth options. It discusses the differences between normal vaginal delivery and caesarean section, including pros and cons of each. It also outlines signs of labor, stages of labor, pain relief options, potential complications, fetal outcomes, and vaginal birth after caesarean. The take home message is that while vaginal delivery is usually safe, sometimes a c-section is beneficial for the mother and baby's health, and the ultimate goal is a safe delivery for both.
This document discusses the planning and design of different units within a hospital. It begins by outlining the main functions of hospitals as preventive, curative, training, and research. It then describes different categories of hospitals based on level of care and clinical specialties. Key principles for planning hospital units are discussed such as protection, separation, control, and circulation. Specific areas covered include inpatient units, outpatient units, emergency units, intensive care units, obstetrics units, pediatric units, and radiology/laboratory services. Different ward designs like Nightingale, variant Nightingale, race track, and courtyard are also summarized.
The document discusses the organization and management of inpatient services in a hospital. It outlines the objectives of providing inpatient care, which include providing high quality medical and nursing care, making necessary equipment and supplies available, and ensuring patient comfort. It also discusses planning and organizing the physical facilities of inpatient wards including location, size, patient housing areas, and auxiliary areas. Factors influencing patient care and the roles and responsibilities of the ward sister in management are also summarized.
The document provides details of the proposed Vardan Multi Speciality Hospital project in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. The key points are:
1) The hospital will have 222 beds initially with 120 beds in the first phase and will provide multi-specialty care.
2) The total project cost for the first phase is estimated to be Rs. 930 lakhs which will cover construction, equipment, furniture and other expenses.
3) The hospital will have departments like medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics etc. and support services like operation theaters, laboratory, radiology etc.
This document discusses hospital planning and design. It notes that proper planning, design, construction and administration are key to a successful hospital. The planning process involves assessing community needs, conducting market surveys, developing financial plans, selecting sites, designing interior spaces, and planning departments and bed distribution. An effective planning team considers guidance principles like quality patient care and economic viability. The goal of planning is to forecast activities needed to achieve desired goals and design a hospital that serves both patients and administrators.
1) Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube. It can be life-threatening if ruptured. Treatment involves surgery or methotrexate depending on severity.
2) Miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks. Causes include chromosomal abnormalities and infections. Treatment depends on type and severity of symptoms.
3) Hyperemesis gravidarum causes severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. It requires hospitalization and IV fluids and antiemetics.
The document describes the development of a dental curing light. It analyzes existing products on the market and outlines a timeline for reverse engineering and developing improvements. The proposed new design aims to decrease components, improve comfort, reduce size and cost. Key specifications and components are listed, including using a blue LED, microcontroller, battery, and modes of operation. Circuit diagrams and printed circuit boards are shown for the new affordable and portable dental curing light.
Hydroponics School Lesson Plan 2 - Lighting
|=> In this lesson we are going to learn about photosynthesis and how plants need light to grow. It is very possible to grow in an enclosed space with the right artificial light, but not all light sources are created equal.
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Ellipz Lighting Technology is a global lighting company founded in 2005 by two grandsons of the Philips family. They have sold over 5 million LED lighting units to date for indoor and outdoor applications. Ellipz focuses on developing the world's most efficient LED lights through their patented technology of using red and green LEDs to produce white light, rather than blue LEDs with phosphors. This approach provides lighting that is better for human vision and health by reducing blue light exposure compared to standard LED lights.
This document discusses outdoor lighting and the human eye's response to light. It notes that traditional lighting methods are inefficient and consume high energy to produce light. The eye perceives light differently under varying intensities and colors. Traditional lighting standards are based on daylight vision but the eye behaves differently at night, seeing best in the blue-green spectrum. The document introduces Ellipz lighting, which produces light tuned to the eye's night vision through specific LED combinations without phosphors. This allows better vision with less energy by providing optimal spectral composition for indoor and outdoor applications.
LED lighting provides several advantages over fluorescent and tungsten halogen lighting for vision inspection systems. LEDs produce high intensity light with stable, uniform output without flicker. This results in clear inspection images with lower noise levels compared to other lighting sources. LEDs also have a very long lifespan of up to 100,000 hours and require little maintenance. Properly controlling the temperature of LEDs is important to maximize their performance and consistency over time.
The document compares induction lighting, high intensity discharge (HID) lighting, fluorescent tubes, and compact fluorescent lighting. Some key points:
- Induction lighting has the longest warranty and life at 5-10 years and 60,000-100,000 hours. HID and fluorescent lamps have shorter warranties and lives of under 20,000 hours.
- Induction lighting has the highest energy saving efficiency and lumen efficacy compared to other options.
- Induction lighting produces less heat than HID lamps and has a lower lamp operating temperature, which can reduce air conditioning costs.
- Induction lighting contains no mercury and has no environmental safety concerns associated with lamp waste. Fluorescent and HID options
This document compares and contrasts LED and HID (high intensity discharge) grow lights. It discusses that while HID lights have traditionally dominated the horticultural lighting market, LEDs are positioned to take over the leading role. Some key advantages of LEDs outlined include longer lifespan, higher energy efficiency savings of 50-70% over HIDs, ability to target specific wavelengths for optimal plant growth, and lack of toxic materials or need for cooling. The document provides detailed information on light spectra, plant absorption, and how different wavelengths impact photomorphogenesis.
Up to 19% of worldwide electricity is consumed by lighting and over 90% of that energy is wasted. With first generation LEDs, energy consumption can be reduced by over 50%. OGEN LED lighting claims to save over 90% energy consumption and reduce CO2 emissions equivalent to 13.6 billion trees or more than a billion barrels of oil. As the world's first and only second generation LED lighting provider, OGEN LED aims to provide the most efficient indoor and outdoor LED lighting solutions through its patented technologies and global presence.
- LEDs (light emitting diodes) are semiconductor light sources that emit light through electroluminescence when activated by electricity. Blue LEDs in particular are important for making white light.
- Blue LEDs were difficult to develop because they require gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductors, which are challenging to grow. Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, and Shuji Nakamura received the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics for inventing the blue LED.
- LED technology has advanced greatly since its invention in 1907. Blue and other colored LEDs now have many applications including displays, lighting, sterilization, and hygiene.
An LED seminar was presented on blue LEDs. Blue LEDs work by recombining positive and negative charges in a gallium nitride crystal, producing blue photons. Developing efficient blue LEDs was challenging and required doping aluminum gallium nitride and indium gallium nitride alloys. Blue LEDs have advantages like storing more information than infrared light and lower power consumption. Applications include mobile phones, tablets, laptops and computer monitors. In the future, blue LED technology is expected to continue improving.
This document provides information on LED lighting technologies. It begins by explaining what an LED is and how it works as a semiconductor that emits light when electric current passes through it. It then discusses the benefits of choosing LED lights over traditional lighting sources like incandescent and fluorescent bulbs, such as energy efficiency, long lifespan, reliability, cost effectiveness, lack of noise, better safety, and lack of heat emission. The document provides comparison charts of LEDs versus other light sources and gives examples of appropriate places to use LED lighting. It also describes several types of explosion proof LED lights that can be used in hazardous locations.
Mohamed Hasanin Farg prepared a research paper on Blue Light Emitting Diodes for his Premaster degree at Mansoura University Faculty of Science Physics Department. The paper discusses the history and development of blue LEDs, including the breakthroughs of Isamu Akasaki in growing gallium nitride crystals and doping techniques that allowed for high-quality blue LEDs. It covers key topics like the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, n-type and p-type doping, and growth methods like molecular beam epitaxy and hydride vapor phase epitaxy that were crucial to producing efficient blue LEDs. The main applications of blue LEDs are noted to be traffic signals, automotive
The document is a final project report on solid state lighting submitted by four students. It discusses semiconductor LED and OLED technologies. For semiconductor LEDs, it explains how the technology works based on a p-n junction and electron-hole recombination. White light is achieved through either RGB mixing or using phosphor coatings. The creation of LEDs involves epitaxial growth methods. Issues with efficiency and light quality are discussed along with potential solutions.
Trends in hospital building since the introduction of competition in 2009; th...Theo Staats
European Health Property Network 2014 Workshop
Thinking differently about healthcare buildings
Innovative infrastructure planning and design to improve the quality and safety of care.
Trends in hospital building since the introduction of competition in 2009; the case of the Netherlands.
Fred Bisschop, Leo Mimpen and Theo Staats, nCZB.nl
In this presentation we will give a picture of what happened in building hospitals in the Netherlands since 2009, the year when Dutch hospitals had to compete for contracts with health insurers, who in their turn had to compete with each other in order to get as much insured as possible.
Because of this system change hospitals no longer needed government approval for their investment plans. On the other hand they cannot carry out any substantial project without banks being willing to provide loans. This again means that banks have to be confident about future earnings of the hospital involved.
We will first summarise the relevant policy developments in the Netherlands from 2009 on. We will see that changes often took more time than initially expected and that at the same time other important developments took place which are also very relevant for building activities of hospitals.
Second we will try to look at what was expected to happen from a theoretical point of view. What does economic theory say about competition in health care and what can be derived from experiences in other countries like the US and countries with a (partial) commercial hospital sector?
Thirdly we interviewed stakeholders from the different parties in health care, such as the various types of providers, health insurers and banks involved in financing health care projects etc.
At the conclusion of our presentation we will try to sketch possible future developments considering not only the effects of competition, but also the other relevant trends such as the need to cooperate between parties from a quality perspective, changes in the demand for health care, etc. We will also comment on the introduction of a law allowing hospitals to operate on a for profit basis in this context.
In 2013 Fred Bisschop started, together with his two partners Leo Mimpen and Theo Staats, a consultancy network called nCZB. They continue to work in the tradition of the former Bouwcollege and Dutch Centre for Health Care and Architecture by looking at investment plans in a multidisciplinary and independent way. They have a permanent supporting role for CZ, one of the largest Dutch health insurers. They also have the mission to keep on publishing about subjects which are of general interest. Last year they published about the key figures to be used when making investment plan based on the former building guidelines.
www.nCZB.nl
The document provides information about the maternity tour and procedures at Sibley Hospital. It explains what to expect when arriving at the hospital in labor, being admitted, the labor and delivery process, procedures after delivery, visiting hours and facilities for postpartum care, and information needed for discharge. Key areas covered include parking, entering the hospital, admissions, labor and delivery rooms, neonatal care, postpartum rooms, lactation services, and requirements for discharge.
This document provides information from Dr. Nupur Gupta about modes of delivery and childbirth options. It discusses the differences between normal vaginal delivery and caesarean section, including pros and cons of each. It also outlines signs of labor, stages of labor, pain relief options, potential complications, fetal outcomes, and vaginal birth after caesarean. The take home message is that while vaginal delivery is usually safe, sometimes a c-section is beneficial for the mother and baby's health, and the ultimate goal is a safe delivery for both.
This document discusses the planning and design of different units within a hospital. It begins by outlining the main functions of hospitals as preventive, curative, training, and research. It then describes different categories of hospitals based on level of care and clinical specialties. Key principles for planning hospital units are discussed such as protection, separation, control, and circulation. Specific areas covered include inpatient units, outpatient units, emergency units, intensive care units, obstetrics units, pediatric units, and radiology/laboratory services. Different ward designs like Nightingale, variant Nightingale, race track, and courtyard are also summarized.
The document discusses the organization and management of inpatient services in a hospital. It outlines the objectives of providing inpatient care, which include providing high quality medical and nursing care, making necessary equipment and supplies available, and ensuring patient comfort. It also discusses planning and organizing the physical facilities of inpatient wards including location, size, patient housing areas, and auxiliary areas. Factors influencing patient care and the roles and responsibilities of the ward sister in management are also summarized.
The document provides details of the proposed Vardan Multi Speciality Hospital project in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. The key points are:
1) The hospital will have 222 beds initially with 120 beds in the first phase and will provide multi-specialty care.
2) The total project cost for the first phase is estimated to be Rs. 930 lakhs which will cover construction, equipment, furniture and other expenses.
3) The hospital will have departments like medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics etc. and support services like operation theaters, laboratory, radiology etc.
This document discusses hospital planning and design. It notes that proper planning, design, construction and administration are key to a successful hospital. The planning process involves assessing community needs, conducting market surveys, developing financial plans, selecting sites, designing interior spaces, and planning departments and bed distribution. An effective planning team considers guidance principles like quality patient care and economic viability. The goal of planning is to forecast activities needed to achieve desired goals and design a hospital that serves both patients and administrators.
1) Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube. It can be life-threatening if ruptured. Treatment involves surgery or methotrexate depending on severity.
2) Miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks. Causes include chromosomal abnormalities and infections. Treatment depends on type and severity of symptoms.
3) Hyperemesis gravidarum causes severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. It requires hospitalization and IV fluids and antiemetics.
The document provides guidance on getting started with hospital design in India. It discusses the importance of management consulting to conduct a market survey of the healthcare needs in the area through household, doctor, and institutional surveys. The surveys analyze disease profiles, healthcare choices, opinions on deficiencies, and critical success factors. The data is used to determine the appropriate facility mix, size, and services for the proposed hospital project.
The document discusses the key steps and considerations for planning and designing a hospital building. It begins by outlining emerging issues like changing patient expectations and advancements in medicine. Some strategic essentials for planning include assessing needs, designing for flexibility, and creating a healing environment. The planning process involves steps like conducting a feasibility study, developing an architects' brief, and creating a detailed project report. Key aspects of design include following the function of each department and developing a master plan addressing site layout, access points, and future expansion. Thorough space programming and consideration of impacting factors like regulations and financing are also important.
Location and layout of hospital, need of hospital to community,planning,factors and data required in planning,fundamentals and objectives,principles,different stages,equipment planning,icu design and layout,quality quantity and temperature and noise control in hospital,conclusion
The document outlines the process for planning a new hospital, including forming a planning team, conducting feasibility studies, and implementing the project. Key steps involve assessing community health needs, selecting an appropriate site, developing construction plans, procuring equipment and staff, and commissioning the new facility once built. The planning process aims to establish adequate healthcare services through strategic planning and consideration of factors like infrastructure, resources, and community demographics.
1. The document discusses the classification and design considerations of hospitals, including classifications by level of care, size, medical specialists, and ownership.
2. It outlines the main divisions of hospitals including administration, outpatient, diagnostic services, therapeutic services, internal medical treatment, inpatient, and general services.
3. For each division and department, it describes the parts, location considerations, and provides area guidelines based on hospital size and international standards.
Currently, conventional incandescent lamps are in the process of being replaced with more energy-efficient lamps, mainly compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). Fluorescent light has been used for many years in overhead fluorescent tubes without causing any problems. Nevertheless, certain “light sensitive” citizens’ associations have voiced concerns about compact fluorescent lamps.
Do these energy-saving lamps aggravate the symptoms in patients with certain diseases?
Tom Weatherly is an environmental scientist who wants to leave a legacy of reduced dependence on foreign energy through innovation with LED technology. According to the US Department of Energy, widespread use of LEDs could save 348 terawatt hours of electricity annually by 2027, equivalent to 44 power plants and over $30 billion in savings. LED lights last over 100,000 hours, 10 times longer than fluorescents, reducing supply chain impacts by 10 times and health risks from mercury emissions. Studies also show improved productivity, lower stress, and boosted sales with full-spectrum LED lighting.
HOYA Recharge is a new lens treatment that reduces blue light transmission by 30% in the high energy visible light (HEVL) spectrum of 380-500 nm. It provides visual comfort by enhancing contrast and potential protection against retinal damage from accumulated blue light exposure over time. Recharge may be prescribed for individuals with lifestyles involving high digital device usage or other risk factors for eye disease to help reduce long-term blue light risks.
Blue light is a type of visible light with short wavelengths and high energy levels. It is found in sunlight and emitted by digital devices. While some blue light exposure is necessary and beneficial, too much can potentially damage the retina and contribute to digital eye strain. New technologies like blue light filters for devices and blue light blocking lenses in glasses can help reduce exposure risks from extended digital device use.
led – the future of lighting
We know the whole spectrum
“LED’s greatest advantage is also its greatest challenge. Balancing efficiency with ergonomics. Combining good economy and lighting comfort. And we’re there now.”
Leif Norrby, Product Development Director, Fagerhult
Blue light is a type of visible light with a short wavelength and high energy level. It is found in both natural sunlight and artificial light from digital devices. While some blue light exposure is necessary and beneficial, too much blue light can potentially damage the eyes and disrupt circadian rhythms. New technologies like blue light filters and blue light blocking lenses can help reduce excessive blue light exposure, especially from extended digital device use.
Soluna Green installs high-quality LED lighting for offices, manufacturing facilities, and other commercial applications. They offer a full suite of lighting solutions from installation to financing. Their LED lights use newer surface mount technology and provide substantial energy savings compared to fluorescent bulbs. Soluna Green can consult clients on lighting needs, help obtain government rebates, and provide financing options to transition to more efficient LED lighting.
1) The document discusses the importance of considering both luminaire efficiency and application efficiency when designing lighting. While saving energy is important, overemphasizing luminaire efficiency alone can result in glare or gloomy spaces.
2) Application efficiency is determined by factors like adequate light levels, uniform illumination, visual comfort, and accurate color rendition. It employs metrics like footcandles, luminaire spacing, and candela measurements.
3) The most appropriate efficiency metric is lighting power density, which establishes an energy budget based on watts per square foot and allows achieving design goals with lower energy use. Considering both luminaire and application efficiency leads to well-lit spaces that satisfy needs and minimize consumption.
Blue Light, Vision and the Eye White paper LZAL201016Dennis Loving
By developing an experimental framework to distinguish beneficial blue light rays from harmful ones, Essilor has effectively created a new field in photobiology research. Through a rigorous 4-year study conducted with the Paris Vision Institute using an in vitro cell model, Essilor identified for the first time the precise wavelength range within blue light - 415nm to 455nm centered at 435nm - that is most toxic to retinal pigment epithelium cells. This discovery paves the way for new protective lenses that can selectively filter this harmful light while allowing beneficial wavelengths to pass through, aiding in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration and other retinal diseases.
LIGHTING IN HOSPITALS
Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic
effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures,
as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight .
Ambient (general lighting)
Provides an area with overall illumination. Also known as general lighting, it radiates a comfortable level of brightness without glare
•Task lighting
Helps you perform specific tasks, such as reading, grooming, preparing and cooking food,
•Accent lighting
Adds drama to a room by creating visual interest. As part of an interior design scheme, it is used to draw the eye to houseplants, paintings, sculptures and other prized possessions
The document discusses lighting and vision in the workplace. It covers how light affects vision, different types of lighting, factors that affect lighting and vision, signs of poor lighting, lighting effects on health, and prevention of eyesight problems. Good lighting is important to provide sufficient and uniform illumination for workers to perform tasks safely and reduce visual strain. Standards and regulations, such as the Malaysian Standard and Factories and Machinery Act, provide guidelines on adequate lighting levels in workplaces.
This document discusses the visibility, environmental, and astronomical issues associated with blue-rich white outdoor lighting. It summarizes research showing that increased blue light emission from white lighting sources will increase light pollution by increasing visible sky glow and negatively impacting astronomical research through increased scattering. While the human health and environmental impacts require more research, evidence suggests the blue portion of the spectrum may disrupt circadian rhythms and interfere with melatonin production, with potential links to breast cancer. The blue component also appears to have greater impacts on some animal species. More research is needed, but a cautious approach is recommended given these potential negative effects.
LEDs or light-emitting diodes are semiconductor devices that produce light when electricity passes through them. LED lighting differs from incandescent and CFLs in several ways including being more efficient, durable, versatile and longer lasting. Some key benefits of LEDs for businesses include their long lifespan of up to 100,000 hours, energy efficiency of 80-90%, being ecologically friendly and fully recyclable, durability to withstand rough conditions, ability to operate in extreme temperatures, flexibility in design, and producing light with almost no UV or infrared emissions.
This document provides an overview of street lighting systems, including conventional and smart street lighting. It discusses the components and operation of conventional street lighting systems, which typically use high-intensity discharge lamps. Smart street lighting systems are then introduced, which use sensors and wireless communication to automatically adjust light levels based on ambient lighting or traffic conditions. This allows smart street lighting to reduce energy consumption compared to conventional continuously-lit systems. The benefits of street lighting for safety, crime prevention, and economic activity are also briefly mentioned.
FAGERHULT | HEALTH & CARE : Everyday HeroesPaulo Chong
This document discusses the importance of lighting for healthcare staff and patients. It notes that natural light plays a role in circadian rhythms and well-being. Research shows that increased natural light creates a better work environment for nurses and reduces stress. It can also help suppress depression in patients and shorten hospital stays. Patients exposed to more natural light experience less pain and need less pain medication. Proper lighting is also important to reduce risks of medical dosing errors by staff. Overall natural and artificial lighting can support staff performance and faster patient recovery times in healthcare facilities.
This document discusses LED lighting and its advantages over traditional lighting sources. It begins with an overview of the evolution of lighting technologies from incandescent bulbs to CFLs to LEDs. LEDs are then defined and their key differences from other light sources are explained, such as their directional light emission and low heat output. Some examples of LED lamps are shown and their advantages like energy savings, lack of hazardous materials, and longer lifespan are outlined. Applications of LEDs in various sectors like automotive, traffic signals, and medical displays are also presented. The document concludes by stating that LED is the future of lighting as its efficiency and lifespan will continue to improve while costs decrease further.
Determining Artificial Light Requirement for Growing PlantsIRJET Journal
This document discusses determining the artificial lighting requirements for growing plants hydroponically. It begins with an introduction to hydroponics and the Dutch Bucket system. It then explains the important lighting metrics for plants like PAR, PPF, PPFD, and DLI. LED lights are identified as most suitable for indoor plant growth due to their efficiency and spectral properties. The document then shows calculations to determine the lighting load needed to grow tomatoes using a Dutch Bucket system, finding requirements of 297 μmol/m2/s PPFD, 221 μmol/s PPF, and 210.6 Watts of power. It estimates a total annual electricity usage of 1,076 kWh for an area of 0.743 m2.
Photosynthesis under artificial light: the shift in primary and secondary met...belajar_bareng_aquaponik
This document summarizes a research article that studied how artificial light, particularly LED lights, can impact the primary and secondary metabolism of photosynthetic organisms. It finds that LED lights have the potential to provide sufficient light intensity and quality to sustain normal plant growth, as long as the spectrum mimics natural sunlight. The document also discusses how manipulating the intensity and wavelengths of LED lights can shift a plant's metabolism and allow for the production of functionalized foods with modified biomass or metabolic products.
CHOOSING RIGHT LIGHT FOR OPTIMAL EYE HEALTH.pptxParnaDhara2
This document discusses lighting choices for eye health and various eye conditions. It describes different types of lamps such as incandescent, fluorescent, LED, and their effects on eyes. For healthy eyes, warm white light is recommended for home while cool white can be used in work areas. For eye diseases like cataracts and glaucoma, light sources emitting medium to long wavelengths may help overcome vision loss. Age-related macular degeneration requires high illumination and color contrast. Retinitis pigmentosa patients benefit from longer wavelength light to aid night vision.
This document reviews current progress and provides a comparative study of the performance of energy saving lighting devices. It begins with an introduction discussing the development of white light emitting diodes (LEDs) and their benefits over traditional lighting sources like incandescent and fluorescent lamps. It then discusses the importance of studying energy saving lighting devices to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. Next, it covers characteristics of phosphor-converted LEDs such as photoluminescence, energy transfer, concentration quenching, CIE chromaticity coordinates, and color rendering index. Finally, it reviews common synthesis methods for phosphor materials like solid-state reaction, sol gel, and hydrothermal methods.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
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Can coffee help me lose weight? Yes, 25,422 users in the USA use it for that ...nirahealhty
The South Beach Coffee Java Diet is a variation of the popular South Beach Diet, which was developed by cardiologist Dr. Arthur Agatston. The original South Beach Diet focuses on consuming lean proteins, healthy fats, and low-glycemic index carbohydrates. The South Beach Coffee Java Diet adds the element of coffee, specifically caffeine, to enhance weight loss and improve energy levels.
Stem Cell Solutions: Dr. David Greene's Path to Non-Surgical Cardiac CareDr. David Greene Arizona
Explore the groundbreaking work of Dr. David Greene, a pioneer in regenerative medicine, who is revolutionizing the field of cardiology through stem cell therapy in Arizona. This ppt delves into how Dr. Greene's innovative approach is providing non-surgical, effective treatments for heart disease, using the body's own cells to repair heart damage and improve patient outcomes. Learn about the science behind stem cell therapy, its benefits over traditional cardiac surgeries, and the promising future it holds for modern medicine. Join us as we uncover how Dr. Greene's commitment to stem cell research and therapy is setting new standards in healthcare and offering new hope to cardiac patients.
Feeding plate for a newborn with Cleft Palate.pptxSatvikaPrasad
A feeding plate is a prosthetic device used for newborns with a cleft palate to assist in feeding and improve nutrition intake. From a prosthodontic perspective, this plate acts as a barrier between the oral and nasal cavities, facilitating effective sucking and swallowing by providing a more normal anatomical structure. It helps to prevent milk from entering the nasal passage, thereby reducing the risk of aspiration and enhancing the infant's ability to feed efficiently. The feeding plate also aids in the development of the oral muscles and can contribute to better growth and weight gain. Its custom fabrication and proper fitting by a prosthodontist are crucial for ensuring comfort and functionality, as well as for minimizing potential complications. Early intervention with a feeding plate can significantly improve the quality of life for both the infant and the parents.
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardso...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardson, Verified Chapters 1 - 18, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardson, Verified Chapters 1 - 18, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardson, Verified Chapters 1 - 18, Complete Newest Version
Can Allopathy and Homeopathy Be Used Together in India.pdfDharma Homoeopathy
This article explores the potential for combining allopathy and homeopathy in India, examining the benefits, challenges, and the emerging field of integrative medicine.
Under Pressure : Kenneth Kruk's StrategyKenneth Kruk
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MBC Support Group for Black Women – Insights in Genetic Testing.pdfbkling
Christina Spears, breast cancer genetic counselor at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, joined us for the MBC Support Group for Black Women to discuss the importance of genetic testing in communities of color and answer pressing questions.
At Apollo Hospital, Lucknow, U.P., we provide specialized care for children experiencing dehydration and other symptoms. We also offer NICU & PICU Ambulance Facility Services. Consult our expert today for the best pediatric emergency care.
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Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024. Includes 7 categories: Policy Makers, Academic Innovation Centers, Digital Health Providers, Healthcare Providers, Payers / Insurance, Device Companies, Life Science Companies, Innovation Accelerators. Developed by the Michigan-Israel Business Accelerator
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In order to protect visitors' safety and wellbeing, Travel Clinic Leicester offers a wide range of travel-related health treatments, including individualized counseling and vaccines. Our team of medical experts specializes in getting people ready for international travel, with a particular emphasis on vaccines and health consultations to prevent travel-related illnesses. We provide a range of travel-related services, such as health concerns unique to a trip, prevention of malaria, and travel-related medical supplies. Our clinic is dedicated to providing top-notch care, keeping abreast of the most recent recommendations for vaccinations and travel health precautions. The goal of Travel Clinic Leicester is to keep you safe and well-rested no matter what kind of travel you choose—business, pleasure, or adventure.
INFECTION OF THE BRAIN -ENCEPHALITIS ( PPT)blessyjannu21
Neurological system includes brain and spinal cord. It plays an important role in functioning of our body. Encephalitis is the inflammation of the brain. Causes include viral infections, infections from insect bites or an autoimmune reaction that affects the brain. It can be life-threatening or cause long-term complications. Treatment varies, but most people require hospitalization so they can receive intensive treatment, including life support.
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1. LED Lighting Sets the
New Standard in Healthcare
Improving Sustainability, Performance, and Patient Wellbeing in
Hospitals with a Simple Switch
2.
3. 02
CURRENT STATE
OF HEALTHCARE
LIGHTING
F
or over a century, fluorescent bulbs have
been the groundbreaking technology in
lighting. Since the 1940s, we have been
treating patients under fluorescent lights in
our healthcare facilities, worked under them
in offices, exercised under them in gymnasiums, and
educated under them in our schools. With the advent
of the compact fluorescent bulb, we even brought
them into our homes.1
Fluorescent lights are gas-filled tubes with a coating
on the inner surface. Electricity, regulated by a ballast,
ignites a filament and vaporizes small amounts of
mercury within the tube, causing them to emit ultra-
violet (UV) light. The inner surface coating absorbs the
UV light and converts it to visible light, producing a
‘white-ish’glow.1
Lighting is a necessity in our lives. Fluorescent lights
have become essential due to the lack of competitive-
ly-priced technology with comparable light output
and efficiency.
4. The Hospital Environment
We all use healthcare facilities, and
thankfully, we can always rely on them to
be open and functioning. The rotation of
workers, from cleaning crews to doc-
tors, run on a 24/7 basis through these
facilities, making sure hospitals and
treatment clinics are always in working
order for our times of emergency and
moments of healing.
The rate of running a facility on the
scale of a large hospital is astounding.
Electricity, air quality, ventilation and
temperature control all contribute to the
costs of keeping these buildings oper-
ational. Although healthcare facilities
only account for <1% of all commercial
buildings in the US, they consume 4.3%
of the total delivered energy used by the
commercial sector.2
As hospitals grow to
accommodate more patients, their costs
rise concurrently.
Current Impact of
Fluorescent Lighting
on Patients
Fluorescent tubes create silent com-
peting elements in hospitals that are
harmful to patients’ health and wellness
both from a physical and physiological
perspective. Fluorescent tubes contain a
mixture of mercury and other gases, and
a broken fluorescent tube carries the risk
of mercury entering the body through
the lungs (via breathing in the gas) or the
skin (from coming in contact with mer-
cury residue on the inner glass surface).3
Mercury is a hazardous material and in
the unforeseen event that a fluorescent
light bulb shatters, anyone in the vicinity
will be exposed its dangers, making it an
instant safety hazard in any facility that
actively uses them.
Fluorescent bulbs produce UV light,
which is partially, but not completely,
converted to visible light. UV radiation,
unseen, is emitted from the fluorescent
bulbs and penetrates our skin and eyes.
UV radiation has more energy than
visible light and is able to degrade many
materials, causing damage to materials
such as plastics, skin tissues, and eye
lenses and retinas. Prolonged exposure
can result in a clouding of the lens, com-
monly known as Cataract formation, and
is a contributing factor to Age-related
Macular Degeneration (damage to the
retina) - the leading
cause of blindness.4
Young people are es-
pecially at risk to the hazards of UV light,
as a protective layer of yellow pigments
in the eyes occurs with age, slowing the
amount of radiation reaching the retina
in older adults.5
In addition to invisible UV light, the
visible light emitted by fluorescent
sources consists of three inconsistent
color spikes (magenta, yellow-green,
and orange), with negligible other colors
contributing to the output.6
The human
visual system transmits those light sig-
nals to the brain, which must‘fill in the
gaps’to process the picture. Patients be-
ing treated in poor-spectrum fluorescent
lighting environments often do not have
the ideal conditions for proper emotional
and psychological healing due to these
constant flash of color spikes. In the case
of patients with extremely sensitive vi-
sion, particularly in the scotopic (low-lit)
range, low-spectrum lighting can trigger
similar visual responses. Patients can be
subjected to dizziness, headaches and
nausea caused by the spikes and gaps in
fluorescent light output.7
Patients with
special needs are particularly sensitive
to visual fluctuations. As light flickers
out of the fixture, the bright spikes and
missing gaps from fluorescent lights
appear as a strobe light to them, which
can range from distracting to painful.13,14
Leading companies in LED lighting
technology are going the extra mile and
spending the extra dollars on the engi-
neering of their LED lighting products to
omit flicker altogether.15
Cost Savings and
Earth-Friendly Behavior
By executing small changes, both in
existing facilities and new building
development, we can effectively create
a sustainable environment, allowing the
healthcare industry to put their sole fo-
cus on caring for patients. These changes
can start with something as simple as
changing the lightbulbs.
Hospitals in the US spend, on average,
$1.67 on electricity per square foot.
Lighting alone accounts for 15% of a
hospital’s electricity budget.8
For an
average sized hospital building (75,000
square feet) that’s $18,000.00 for light-
ing alone. For a large hospital building
(650,000 square feet), that’s $160,000.00
going towards keeping the lights on.
White LEDs require less energy to pro-
duce more light than other systems.9
Moreover, high quality LED lighting
products can last at least 5 years at 24/7
hour operation.9
As the technology im-
proves, so will the efficiency and lifespan.
Not only do LEDs diminish electricity,
maintenance, and replacement costs,
but the superior quality and efficiency
reflect in a healthier environment. LEDs
do not contain hazardous Mercury,
and their higher efficiency results in a
decrease in CO2 emissions and an overall
lesser impact on the energy grid- de-
creasing the need for fossil fuels.10,11
Furthermore, the light output of LEDs is
the closest spectral and an overall lesser
impact on the energy grid- decreasing
the need for fossil fuels.10,11
Furthermore,
the light output of LEDs is the closest
spectral match to sunlight, providing the
safest, whitest, easiest light to see.12
4 ENERGY FOCUS
5. ENERGY FOCUS 5
The LED Lighting
Technology Alternative
Light Emitting Diodes (LED) are a
cutting-edge solid-state technology
that are predicted by the US Depart-
ment of Energy to replace almost all
artificial lighting in the United States
by 2030. While the basic technology
has been available for years, recent
developments have driven down cost
and made LEDs more widely-available
to the general public. Available as al-
ternatives to everything from industri-
al and landscaping feature lighting, to
residential settings, to the ubiquitous
fluorescent tubes in schools and offic-
es, LEDs provide a number of benefits
over their predecessors.
Known primarily for their energy
efficiency, LED bulbs produce more lu-
mens per watt, resulting in less power
needed to produce more light output.
LEDs are also superior when it comes
to quality of light output, as white
tubular LED lamps provide the closest
color match to sunlight (Graph 1), with
no spikes or gaps in color output. And
unlike their fluorescent counterparts,
LEDs are 100% visually efficient; that
is, they only produce radiation in the
visible range, with virtually no harmful
UV or wasted infrared.
Additionally, LED bulbs contain no
mercury or hazardous waste, and are
100% recyclable. High-quality LED
products can last up to 20x longer
than any other artificial light source,
reducing the time, cost, and effort of
maintenance.8
These factors combine
to make LED lights the clear choice
over fluorescents.
Graph 1. 13
6. environment possible enhances their
ability to diagnose correctly, identify
reactions, prevent secondary infections
and overall, minimize readmissions.
In a patient’s room and in the ICU, spaces
are required to be bright enough for
medical examinations but comfortable
enough for patients to rest and recover.
With the current mainstream use of
fluorescent lighting, patient rooms
typically end up looking too bright in
the daytime and too dark at night. This
inadequate lighting can directly affect
the physical and emotional wellbeing
of the patient. While all humans have a
daily routine defined by the regularity
of sunlight, this regimen is particularly
important for patients in need of physical
recovery. Proper lighting can provide
normal and longer sleep duration for
patients, giving their body time to fully
recuperate, and can enhance the mood
of patients, as derived from the Hospital
Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
depression scores. By providing LED
lighting, hospitals are providing the right
conditions for better moods and better
rest which directly correlates to faster
recovery time.
Physical Utility
The even distribution of colors provided
by LED result in more saturated, vivid,
discriminable color rendering and
effortless visual acuity. Fully directional
down-lighting also provides more
illumination on working surfaces, rather
than the diffuse glow produced by
the gas-filled fluorescent tubes. The
color temperature, color rendering,
and efficiency of LED lights combine
to improve visibility to create a better
Readmission Rate and
Patient Recovery Time
The value of improvements LED
lighting can provide in quality of care
is priceless to the healthcare industry.
Some of the biggest issues facing
hospitals today are readmission rates
and patient recovery time, leading
symptoms of costly and uncoordinated
facilities. The fundamentals of LED
lighting provide one of the best, most
affordable solutions to these concerns.
The color rendering and accurate,
bright light provided by LED lighting
has been shown to reduce the amount
of not only caregiver procedural errors
during hospital visits but also the error
rate of prescription-dispensing across
healthcare facilities. Providing caregivers
with the best lighting and visual
6 ENERGY FOCUS
Benefits of LED
Lighting for Patients
Good lighting aids treatment in many ways. This is especially important in
the case of children and elderly or disabled patients as well the healthcare
providers who are able to see more clearly to provide care.
7. environment as vision is a major
contributing factor to an individual’s
ability to receive and respond to
treatments.
Cognitive Utility
Not only does LED provide higher
quality lighting for patients’emotional
wellbeing, studies have also shown LED
lighting can enhance surgical, procedure
and diagnostic settings as well.
Most healthcare providers encourage
patients to get a full eight hours of sleep
to help their recovery. A healthy sleep/
wake cycle (or Circadian Rhythm) is
crucial to mental cognition and physical
wellbeing. Our bodies’roughly 24-hour
cycle is governed by hormonal responses
that are triggered by full-spectrum light
- light provided by sunlight and LED, but
not fluorescent.14
We have all experienced the relief of
leaving a fluorescent-lit hospital room
and stepping outside back out into the
natural sunlight. The spectral output
of fluorescent lights is to blame. In the
bleak winter months, many people
are diagnosed with Seasonal Affective
Disorder (SAD), while many more self-
diagnose their yearly“winter blues.”
LED lighting is used in the treatment
of SAD, and also has been shown to
improve mood, decrease stress, and
create a generally healthier and happier
environment – all because the lighting
spectrum mimics that of natural
sunlight.15
Patient seating area
Conclusion
LED lighting is the best choice for healthcare facilities that want to foster a safe, healthy,
comfortable, and“green”environment for patients and staff. The benefits range from
monetary savings – lessened electricity costs – to increased sustainability, improved
patient health, and ocular safety for all. These lights best eliminate lighting-related
competing elements in hospitals that physically affect the vision while physiologically
affecting our ability to give and receive proper treatment. Just like the societal
revolution, LEDs are no longer the future of the lighting industry. They are the present,
and should be the source illuminating our healthcare facilities.
ENERGY FOCUS 7
8. energyfocus.com
tel 440.715.1300 // 800.327.7877
Energy Focus Inc.
2000 Aurora Road, Suite B
Solon, Ohio 44139
ENLIGHTENING
& INSPIRING
LED LIGHTING
SOLUTIONS
Sources:
1. Edison Tech Center. “The Fluorescent Lamp”http://www.edisontechcenter.org/Fluorescent.html.
2. U.S. Energy Information Administration. “Energy Characteristics and Energy Consumed in Large Hospital Buildings in the United States in 2007”
http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/reports/2007/large-hospital.cfm 2012
3. United States Environmental Protection Agency “Health Effects of Mercury Exposure”http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mercury/docs/
HealthEffectsMercury.pdf.
4. Roberts, Joan E. “Ultraviolet Radiation as a Risk Factor for Cataract and Macular Degeneration”Eye & Contact Lens Vol 37 No 4. 2011.
5. Pokorny et al. “Aging of the human lens”Applied Optics Vol 26 No 8. 1987.
6. Ellis et al. “Auto-tuning daylight with LEDs: sustainable lighting for health and wellbeing”Drexel University and Philadelphia University.
7. Irlen Institute. “What is Irlen Syndrome?”http://irlen.com/what-is-irlen-syndrome/.
8. E Source Companies LLC. “Managing Energy Costs in Hospitals”http://www.nationalgridus.com/non_html/shared_energyeff_hospitals.pdf
9. US Department of Energy “Solid-State R&D Plan”May 2015.
10. United States Environmental Protection Agency “Health Effects of Mercury Exposure”http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mercury/docs/
HealthEffectsMercury.pdf
11. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.“Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data”http://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/global.html
12. Popular Mechanics: The Ultimate Light Bulb Test http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/gadgets/reviews/g164/incandescent-vs-
compact-fluorescent-vs-led-ultimate-light-bulb-test/
13. Graph 1: Popular Mechanics: The Ultimate Light Bulb Test
14. Lucas, Robert J et al. “Measuring and using light in the melanopsin age”Trends in Neurosciences Vol 37 No 1. 2014.
15. Meesters, Ybe et al. “Low-intensity blue-enriched white light (750 lux) and standard bright light (10000 lux) are equally effective in treating SAD.