The document proposes an energy efficient virtual machine (VM) assignment algorithm for cloud networks. The algorithm aims to minimize energy consumption by considering both the energy used by VMs and balancing resource utilization across host machines. It first measures VM and host energy usage, then classifies VMs as CPU-type or memory-type based on their resource usage. The algorithm schedules VMs onto hosts in a way that balances CPU and memory utilization while selecting hosts that minimize increased energy usage. The algorithm is evaluated in CloudSim and shown to significantly reduce energy consumption compared to other techniques.
A survey on energy efficient with task consolidation in the virtualized cloud...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A survey on energy efficient with task consolidation in the virtualized cloud...eSAT Journals
Abstract Cloud computing is a new model of computing that is widely used in today’s industry, organizations and society in information technology service delivery as a utility. It enables organizations to reduce operational expenditure and capital expenditure. However, cloud computing with underutilized resources still consumes an unacceptable amount of energy than fully utilized resource. Many techniques for optimizing energy consumption in virtualized cloud have been proposed. This paper surveys different energy efficient models with task consolidation in the virtualized cloud computing environment. Keywords: Cloud computing, Virtualization, Task consolidation, Energy consumption, Virtual machine
A Review on Scheduling in Cloud Computingijujournal
Cloud computing is the requirement based on clients that this computing which provides software,
infrastructure and platform as a service as per pay for use norm. The scheduling main goal is to achieve
the accuracy and correctness on task completion. The scheduling in cloud environment which enables the
various cloud services to help framework implementation. Thus the far reaching way of different type of
scheduling algorithms in cloud computing environment surveyed which includes the workflow scheduling
and grid scheduling. The survey gives an elaborate idea about grid, cloud, workflow scheduling to
minimize the energy cost, efficiency and throughput of the system
Cloud computing offers to users worldwide a low cost on-demand services, according to their requirements. In the recent years, the rapid growth and service quality of cloud computing has made it an attractive technology for different Tech Companies. However with the growing number of data centers resources, high levels of energy cost are being consumed with more carbon emissions in the air. For instance, the Google data center estimation of electric power consumption is equivalent to the energy requirement of a small sized city. Also, even if the virtualization of resources in cloud computing datacenters may reduce the number of physical machines and hardware equipments cost, it is still restrained by energy consumption issue. Energy efficiency has become a major concern for today’s cloud datacenter researchers, with a simultaneous improvement of the cloud service quality and reducing operation cost. This paper analyses and discusses the literature review of works related to the contribution of energy efficiency enhancement in cloud computing datacenters. The main objective is to have the best management of the involved physical machines which host the virtual ones in the cloud datacenters.
Energy-Aware Adaptive Four Thresholds Technique for Optimal Virtual Machine P...IJECEIAES
With the increasing expansion of cloud data centers and the demand for cloud services, one of the major problems facing these data centers is the “increasing growth in energy consumption ". In this paper, we propose a method to balance the burden of virtual machine resources in order to reduce energy consumption. The proposed technique is based on a four-adaptive threshold model to reduce energy consumption in physical servers and minimize SLA violation in cloud data centers. Based on the proposed technique, hosts will be grouped into five clusters: hosts with low load, hosts with a light load, hosts with a middle load, hosts with high load and finally, hosts with a heavy load. Virtual machines are transferred from the host with high load and heavy load to the hosts with light load. Also, the VMs on low hosts will be migrated to the hosts with middle load, while the host with a light load and hosts with middle load remain unchanged. The values of the thresholds are obtained on the basis of the mathematical modeling approach and the 퐾-Means Clustering Algorithm is used for clustering of hosts. Experimental results show that applying the proposed technique will improve the load balancing and reduce the number of VM migration and reduce energy consumption.
A SURVEY ON REDUCING ENERGY SPRAWL IN CLOUD COMPUTINGaciijournal
Cloud computing is the cluster of autonomic computing, grid computing and utility computing. Cloud
providers are there to rescue their customers from the problem of dynamism. The providers focus on
resource sharing and in improving the performance. Energy consumption is the major factor to degrade the
performance. Reducing energy sprawl will bloom the performance. This paper delineates the different
techniques involved in scheduling the workload of the servers in order to minimize the energy sprawl.
An energy optimization with improved QOS approach for adaptive cloud resources IJECEIAES
In recent times, the utilization of cloud computing VMs is extremely enhanced in our day-to-day life due to the ample utilization of digital applications, network appliances, portable gadgets, and information devices etc. In this cloud computing VMs numerous different schemes can be implemented like multimedia-signal-processing-methods. Thus, efficient performance of these cloud-computing VMs becomes an obligatory constraint, precisely for these multimedia-signal-processing-methods. However, large amount of energy consumption and reduction in efficiency of these cloud-computing VMs are the key issues faced by different cloud computing organizations. Therefore, here, we have introduced a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) based adaptive cloud resource re-configurability (퐴퐶푅푅) technique for cloud computing devices, which efficiently reduces energy consumption, as well as perform operations in very less time. We have demonstrated an efficient resource allocation and utilization technique to optimize by reducing different costs of the model. We have also demonstrated efficient energy optimization techniques by reducing task loads. Our experimental outcomes shows the superiority of our proposed model 퐴퐶푅푅 in terms of average run time, power consumption and average power required than any other state-of-art techniques.
A survey on energy efficient with task consolidation in the virtualized cloud...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A survey on energy efficient with task consolidation in the virtualized cloud...eSAT Journals
Abstract Cloud computing is a new model of computing that is widely used in today’s industry, organizations and society in information technology service delivery as a utility. It enables organizations to reduce operational expenditure and capital expenditure. However, cloud computing with underutilized resources still consumes an unacceptable amount of energy than fully utilized resource. Many techniques for optimizing energy consumption in virtualized cloud have been proposed. This paper surveys different energy efficient models with task consolidation in the virtualized cloud computing environment. Keywords: Cloud computing, Virtualization, Task consolidation, Energy consumption, Virtual machine
A Review on Scheduling in Cloud Computingijujournal
Cloud computing is the requirement based on clients that this computing which provides software,
infrastructure and platform as a service as per pay for use norm. The scheduling main goal is to achieve
the accuracy and correctness on task completion. The scheduling in cloud environment which enables the
various cloud services to help framework implementation. Thus the far reaching way of different type of
scheduling algorithms in cloud computing environment surveyed which includes the workflow scheduling
and grid scheduling. The survey gives an elaborate idea about grid, cloud, workflow scheduling to
minimize the energy cost, efficiency and throughput of the system
Cloud computing offers to users worldwide a low cost on-demand services, according to their requirements. In the recent years, the rapid growth and service quality of cloud computing has made it an attractive technology for different Tech Companies. However with the growing number of data centers resources, high levels of energy cost are being consumed with more carbon emissions in the air. For instance, the Google data center estimation of electric power consumption is equivalent to the energy requirement of a small sized city. Also, even if the virtualization of resources in cloud computing datacenters may reduce the number of physical machines and hardware equipments cost, it is still restrained by energy consumption issue. Energy efficiency has become a major concern for today’s cloud datacenter researchers, with a simultaneous improvement of the cloud service quality and reducing operation cost. This paper analyses and discusses the literature review of works related to the contribution of energy efficiency enhancement in cloud computing datacenters. The main objective is to have the best management of the involved physical machines which host the virtual ones in the cloud datacenters.
Energy-Aware Adaptive Four Thresholds Technique for Optimal Virtual Machine P...IJECEIAES
With the increasing expansion of cloud data centers and the demand for cloud services, one of the major problems facing these data centers is the “increasing growth in energy consumption ". In this paper, we propose a method to balance the burden of virtual machine resources in order to reduce energy consumption. The proposed technique is based on a four-adaptive threshold model to reduce energy consumption in physical servers and minimize SLA violation in cloud data centers. Based on the proposed technique, hosts will be grouped into five clusters: hosts with low load, hosts with a light load, hosts with a middle load, hosts with high load and finally, hosts with a heavy load. Virtual machines are transferred from the host with high load and heavy load to the hosts with light load. Also, the VMs on low hosts will be migrated to the hosts with middle load, while the host with a light load and hosts with middle load remain unchanged. The values of the thresholds are obtained on the basis of the mathematical modeling approach and the 퐾-Means Clustering Algorithm is used for clustering of hosts. Experimental results show that applying the proposed technique will improve the load balancing and reduce the number of VM migration and reduce energy consumption.
A SURVEY ON REDUCING ENERGY SPRAWL IN CLOUD COMPUTINGaciijournal
Cloud computing is the cluster of autonomic computing, grid computing and utility computing. Cloud
providers are there to rescue their customers from the problem of dynamism. The providers focus on
resource sharing and in improving the performance. Energy consumption is the major factor to degrade the
performance. Reducing energy sprawl will bloom the performance. This paper delineates the different
techniques involved in scheduling the workload of the servers in order to minimize the energy sprawl.
An energy optimization with improved QOS approach for adaptive cloud resources IJECEIAES
In recent times, the utilization of cloud computing VMs is extremely enhanced in our day-to-day life due to the ample utilization of digital applications, network appliances, portable gadgets, and information devices etc. In this cloud computing VMs numerous different schemes can be implemented like multimedia-signal-processing-methods. Thus, efficient performance of these cloud-computing VMs becomes an obligatory constraint, precisely for these multimedia-signal-processing-methods. However, large amount of energy consumption and reduction in efficiency of these cloud-computing VMs are the key issues faced by different cloud computing organizations. Therefore, here, we have introduced a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) based adaptive cloud resource re-configurability (퐴퐶푅푅) technique for cloud computing devices, which efficiently reduces energy consumption, as well as perform operations in very less time. We have demonstrated an efficient resource allocation and utilization technique to optimize by reducing different costs of the model. We have also demonstrated efficient energy optimization techniques by reducing task loads. Our experimental outcomes shows the superiority of our proposed model 퐴퐶푅푅 in terms of average run time, power consumption and average power required than any other state-of-art techniques.
A SURVEY: TO HARNESS AN EFFICIENT ENERGY IN CLOUD COMPUTINGijujournal
Cloud computing affords huge potential for dynamism, flexibility and cost-effective IT operations. Cloud computing requires many tasks to be executed by the provided resources to achieve good performance, shortest response time and high utilization of resources. To achieve these challenges there is a need to develop a new energy aware scheduling algorithm that outperform appropriate allocation map of task to optimize energy consumption. This study accomplished with all the existing techniques mainly focus on reducing energy consumption.
A survey to harness an efficient energy in cloud computingijujournal
Cloud computing affords huge potential for dynamism, flexibility and cost-effective IT operations. Cloud computing requires many tasks to be executed by the provided resources to achieve good performance, shortest response time and high utilization of resources. To achieve these challenges there is a need to develop a new energy aware scheduling algorithm that outperform appropriate allocation map of task to
optimize energy consumption. This study accomplished with all the existing techniques mainly focus on reducing energy consumption.
Optimization of energy consumption in cloud computing datacenters IJECEIAES
Cloud computing has emerged as a practical paradigm for providing IT resources, infrastructure and services. This has led to the establishment of datacenters that have substantial energy demands for their operation. This work investigates the optimization of energy consumption in cloud datacenter using energy efficient allocation of tasks to resources. The work seeks to develop formal optimization models that minimize the energy consumption of computational resources and evaluates the use of existing optimization solvers in testing these models. Integer linear programming (ILP) techniques are used to model the scheduling problem. The objective is to minimize the total power consumed by the active and idle cores of the servers’ CPUs while meeting a set of constraints. Next, we use these models to carry out a detailed performance comparison between a selected set of Generic ILP and 0-1 Boolean satisfiability based solvers in solving the ILP formulations. Simulation results indicate that in some cases the developed models have saved up to 38% in energy consumption when compared to common techniques such as round robin. Furthermore, results also showed that generic ILP solvers had superior performance when compared to SAT-based ILP solvers especially as the number of tasks and resources grow in size.
An Energy Aware Resource Utilization Framework to Control Traffic in Cloud Ne...IJECEIAES
Energy consumption in cloud computing occur due to the unreasonable way in which tasks are scheduled. So energy aware task scheduling is a major concern in cloud computing as energy consumption results into significant waste of energy, reduce the profit margin and also high carbon emissions which is not environmentally sustainable. Hence, energy efficient task scheduling solutions are required to attain variable resource management, live migration, minimal virtual machine design, overall system efficiency, reduction in operating costs, increasing system reliability, and prompting environmental protection with minimal performance overhead. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the energy efficient techniques and approaches and proposes the energy aware resource utilization framework to control traffic in cloud networks and overloads.
An Approach to Reduce Energy Consumption in Cloud data centers using Harmony ...ijccsa
Fast development of knowledge and communication has established a new computational style which is
known as cloud computing. One of the main issues considered by the cloud infrastructure providers, is to
minimize the costs and maximize the profitability. Energy management in the cloud data centers is very
important to achieve such goal. Energy consumption can be reduced either by releasing idle nodes or by
reducing the virtual machines migrations. To do the latter, one of the challenges is to select the placement
approach of the migrated virtual machines on the appropriate node. In this paper, an approach to reduce
the energy consumption in cloud data centers is proposed. This approach adapts harmony search
algorithm to migrate the virtual machines. It performs the placement by sorting the nodes and virtual
machines based on their priority in descending order. The priority is calculated based on the workload.
The proposed approach is simulated. The evaluation results show the reduction in the virtual machine
migrations, the increase of efficiency and the reduction of energy consumption.
KEYWORDS
Energy Consumption, Virtual Machine Placement, Harmony Search Algorithm, Server Consolidati
Energy efficient task scheduling algorithms for cloud data centerseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Energy efficient task scheduling algorithms for cloud data centerseSAT Journals
Abstract
Life time of Wireless device Networks (WSNs) has perpetually been a important issue and has received enlarged attention within the
recent years. Typically wireless device nodes area unit equipped with low power batteries that area unit impossible to recharge.
Wireless device networks ought to have enough energy to satisfy the specified necessities of applications. during this paper, we have a
tendency to propose Energy economical Routing and Fault node Replacement (EERFNR) formula to extend the lifespan of wireless
device network, cut back information loss and conjointly cut back device node replacement value. Transmission drawback and device
node loading drawback is solved by adding many relay nodes and composition device node’s routing mistreatment stratified Gradient
Diffusion. The device node will save backup nodes to cut back the energy for re-looking the route once the device node routing is
broken. Genetic formula can calculate the device nodes to exchange, apply the foremost on the market routing methods to replace the
fewest device nodes.
Keywords: Genetic algorithmic rule, stratified gradient diffusion, grade diffusion, wireless device networks
Scheduling Divisible Jobs to Optimize the Computation and Energy Costsinventionjournals
ABSTRACT : The important challenge in cloud computing environment is to design a scheduling strategy to handle jobs, and to process them in a heterogeneous environment with shared data centers. In this paper, we attempt to investigate a new analytical framework model that enables an existing private cloud data-center for scheduling jobs and minimizing the overall computation and energy cost together. Our model is based on Divisible Load Theory (DLT) model to derive closed-form solution for the load fractions to be assigned to each machines considering computation and energy cost. Our analysis also attempts to schedule the jobs such a way that cloud provider can gain maximum benefit for his service and Quality of Service (QoS) requirement user’s job. Finally, we quantify the performance of the strategies via rigorous simulation studies.
A hybrid approach for scheduling applications in cloud computing environment IJECEIAES
Cloud computing plays an important role in our daily life. It has direct and positive impact on share and update data, knowledge, storage and scientific resources between various regions. Cloud computing performance heavily based on job scheduling algorithms that are utilized for queue waiting in modern scientific applications. The researchers are considered cloud computing a popular platform for new enforcements. These scheduling algorithms help in design efficient queue lists in cloud as well as they play vital role in reducing waiting for processing time in cloud computing. A novel job scheduling is proposed in this paper to enhance performance of cloud computing and reduce delay time in queue waiting for jobs. The proposed algorithm tries to avoid some significant challenges that throttle from developing applications of cloud computing. However, a smart scheduling technique is proposed in our paper to improve performance processing in cloud applications. Our experimental result of the proposed job scheduling algorithm shows that the proposed schemes possess outstanding enhancing rates with a reduction in waiting time for jobs in queue list.
A REVIEW ON LOAD BALANCING IN CLOUD USING ENHANCED GENETIC ALGORITHM IAEME Publication
“Cloud computing” is a term, which involves virtualization, distributed
computing, networking, software and net services. A cloudconsists of several partssuch as shoppers, datacenter and distributed servers. It includes fault tolerance, high
availability, scalability, flexibility, reduced overhead for users, reduced cost of
possession, on demand services etc. Central to these issues lies the institution of a
good load reconciliation algorithmic rule. The load can be CPU load, memory
capacity, delay or network load. Load balancing is the method of distributing the load
among varied nodes of a distributed system to boost each resource utilization and job
interval whereas additionally avoiding a state of affairs wherever a number of the
nodes area unit heavily loaded whereas different nodes area unit idle or doing little
work. Load balancing ensures that all the processors within the system or each node
within the network will require the equal quantity of labor at any instant of your time.
This technique will be sender initiated, receiver initiated or symmetric sort
(combination of sender initiated and receiver initiated types). Our objective is to
develop an effective load reconciliation algorithmic rule mistreatment divisible load
programming theorem to maximize or minimize completely different performance
parameters (throughput, latency for example) for the clouds of different sizes (virtualtopology de-pending on the appliance requirement).
Providing a multi-objective scheduling tasks by Using PSO algorithm for cost ...Editor IJCATR
This article is intended to use the multi-PSO algorithm for scheduling tasks for cost management in cloud computing. This means that
any migration costs due to supply failure consider as a one objective and each task is a little particle and recognize by use of the
appropriate fitness schedule function (how the particles arrangement) that cost at least amount of total expense. In addition to, the weight
is granted to the each expenditure that reflects the importance of cost. The data which is used to simulate proposed method are series of
academic and research data that are prepared from the Internet and MATLAB software is used for simulation. We simulate two issues,
in the first issue, consider four task by four vehicles and divide tasks. In the second issue, make the issue more complicated and consider
six tasks by four vehicles. We write PSO's output for each two issues of various iterations. Finally, the particles dispersion and as well
as the output of the cost function were computed for each pa
A Review on Scheduling in Cloud Computingijujournal
Cloud computing is the requirement based on clients that this computing which provides software,
infrastructure and platform as a service as per pay for use norm. The scheduling main goal is to achieve
the accuracy and correctness on task completion. The scheduling in cloud environment which enables the
various cloud services to help framework implementation. Thus the far reaching way of different type of
scheduling algorithms in cloud computing environment surveyed which includes the workflow scheduling
and grid scheduling. The survey gives an elaborate idea about grid, cloud, workflow scheduling to
minimize the energy cost, efficiency and throughput of the system.
Demand-driven Gaussian window optimization for executing preferred population...IJECEIAES
Scheduling is one of the essential enabling technique for Cloud computing which facilitates efficient resource utilization among the jobs scheduled for processing. However, it experiences performance overheads due to the inappropriate provisioning of resources to requesting jobs. It is very much essential that the performance of Cloud is accomplished through intelligent scheduling and allocation of resources. In this paper, we propose the application of Gaussian window where jobs of heterogeneous in nature are scheduled in the round-robin fashion on different Cloud clusters. The clusters are heterogeneous in nature having datacenters with varying sever capacity. Performance evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm has enhanced the QoS of the computing model. Allocation of Jobs to specific Clusters has improved the system throughput and has reduced the latency.
A Survey on Virtualization Data Centers For Green Cloud ComputingIJTET Journal
Abstract —Due to trends like Cloud Computing and Green cloud Computing, virtualization technologies are gaining increasing importance. Cloud is a atypical model for computing resources, which intent to computing framework to the network in order to cut down costs of software and hardware resources. Nowadays, power is one of big issue of IDC has huge impacts on society. Researchers are seeking to find solutions to make IDC reduce power consumption. These IDC (Internet Data Center) consume large amounts of energy to process the cloud services, high operational cost, and affecting the lifespan of hardware equipments. The field of Green computing is also becoming more and more important in a world with finite number of energy resources and rising demand. Virtual Machine (VM) mechanism has been broadly applied in data center, including flexibility, reliability, and manageability. The research survey presents about the virtualization IDC in green cloud it contains various key features of the Green cloud, cloud computing, data centers, virtualization, data center with virtualization, power – aware, thermal – aware, network-aware, resource-aware and migration techniques. In this paper the several methods that are utilze to achieve the virtualization in IDC in green cloud computing are discussed.
A SURVEY: TO HARNESS AN EFFICIENT ENERGY IN CLOUD COMPUTINGijujournal
Cloud computing affords huge potential for dynamism, flexibility and cost-effective IT operations. Cloud computing requires many tasks to be executed by the provided resources to achieve good performance, shortest response time and high utilization of resources. To achieve these challenges there is a need to develop a new energy aware scheduling algorithm that outperform appropriate allocation map of task to optimize energy consumption. This study accomplished with all the existing techniques mainly focus on reducing energy consumption.
A survey to harness an efficient energy in cloud computingijujournal
Cloud computing affords huge potential for dynamism, flexibility and cost-effective IT operations. Cloud computing requires many tasks to be executed by the provided resources to achieve good performance, shortest response time and high utilization of resources. To achieve these challenges there is a need to develop a new energy aware scheduling algorithm that outperform appropriate allocation map of task to
optimize energy consumption. This study accomplished with all the existing techniques mainly focus on reducing energy consumption.
Optimization of energy consumption in cloud computing datacenters IJECEIAES
Cloud computing has emerged as a practical paradigm for providing IT resources, infrastructure and services. This has led to the establishment of datacenters that have substantial energy demands for their operation. This work investigates the optimization of energy consumption in cloud datacenter using energy efficient allocation of tasks to resources. The work seeks to develop formal optimization models that minimize the energy consumption of computational resources and evaluates the use of existing optimization solvers in testing these models. Integer linear programming (ILP) techniques are used to model the scheduling problem. The objective is to minimize the total power consumed by the active and idle cores of the servers’ CPUs while meeting a set of constraints. Next, we use these models to carry out a detailed performance comparison between a selected set of Generic ILP and 0-1 Boolean satisfiability based solvers in solving the ILP formulations. Simulation results indicate that in some cases the developed models have saved up to 38% in energy consumption when compared to common techniques such as round robin. Furthermore, results also showed that generic ILP solvers had superior performance when compared to SAT-based ILP solvers especially as the number of tasks and resources grow in size.
An Energy Aware Resource Utilization Framework to Control Traffic in Cloud Ne...IJECEIAES
Energy consumption in cloud computing occur due to the unreasonable way in which tasks are scheduled. So energy aware task scheduling is a major concern in cloud computing as energy consumption results into significant waste of energy, reduce the profit margin and also high carbon emissions which is not environmentally sustainable. Hence, energy efficient task scheduling solutions are required to attain variable resource management, live migration, minimal virtual machine design, overall system efficiency, reduction in operating costs, increasing system reliability, and prompting environmental protection with minimal performance overhead. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the energy efficient techniques and approaches and proposes the energy aware resource utilization framework to control traffic in cloud networks and overloads.
An Approach to Reduce Energy Consumption in Cloud data centers using Harmony ...ijccsa
Fast development of knowledge and communication has established a new computational style which is
known as cloud computing. One of the main issues considered by the cloud infrastructure providers, is to
minimize the costs and maximize the profitability. Energy management in the cloud data centers is very
important to achieve such goal. Energy consumption can be reduced either by releasing idle nodes or by
reducing the virtual machines migrations. To do the latter, one of the challenges is to select the placement
approach of the migrated virtual machines on the appropriate node. In this paper, an approach to reduce
the energy consumption in cloud data centers is proposed. This approach adapts harmony search
algorithm to migrate the virtual machines. It performs the placement by sorting the nodes and virtual
machines based on their priority in descending order. The priority is calculated based on the workload.
The proposed approach is simulated. The evaluation results show the reduction in the virtual machine
migrations, the increase of efficiency and the reduction of energy consumption.
KEYWORDS
Energy Consumption, Virtual Machine Placement, Harmony Search Algorithm, Server Consolidati
Energy efficient task scheduling algorithms for cloud data centerseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Energy efficient task scheduling algorithms for cloud data centerseSAT Journals
Abstract
Life time of Wireless device Networks (WSNs) has perpetually been a important issue and has received enlarged attention within the
recent years. Typically wireless device nodes area unit equipped with low power batteries that area unit impossible to recharge.
Wireless device networks ought to have enough energy to satisfy the specified necessities of applications. during this paper, we have a
tendency to propose Energy economical Routing and Fault node Replacement (EERFNR) formula to extend the lifespan of wireless
device network, cut back information loss and conjointly cut back device node replacement value. Transmission drawback and device
node loading drawback is solved by adding many relay nodes and composition device node’s routing mistreatment stratified Gradient
Diffusion. The device node will save backup nodes to cut back the energy for re-looking the route once the device node routing is
broken. Genetic formula can calculate the device nodes to exchange, apply the foremost on the market routing methods to replace the
fewest device nodes.
Keywords: Genetic algorithmic rule, stratified gradient diffusion, grade diffusion, wireless device networks
Scheduling Divisible Jobs to Optimize the Computation and Energy Costsinventionjournals
ABSTRACT : The important challenge in cloud computing environment is to design a scheduling strategy to handle jobs, and to process them in a heterogeneous environment with shared data centers. In this paper, we attempt to investigate a new analytical framework model that enables an existing private cloud data-center for scheduling jobs and minimizing the overall computation and energy cost together. Our model is based on Divisible Load Theory (DLT) model to derive closed-form solution for the load fractions to be assigned to each machines considering computation and energy cost. Our analysis also attempts to schedule the jobs such a way that cloud provider can gain maximum benefit for his service and Quality of Service (QoS) requirement user’s job. Finally, we quantify the performance of the strategies via rigorous simulation studies.
A hybrid approach for scheduling applications in cloud computing environment IJECEIAES
Cloud computing plays an important role in our daily life. It has direct and positive impact on share and update data, knowledge, storage and scientific resources between various regions. Cloud computing performance heavily based on job scheduling algorithms that are utilized for queue waiting in modern scientific applications. The researchers are considered cloud computing a popular platform for new enforcements. These scheduling algorithms help in design efficient queue lists in cloud as well as they play vital role in reducing waiting for processing time in cloud computing. A novel job scheduling is proposed in this paper to enhance performance of cloud computing and reduce delay time in queue waiting for jobs. The proposed algorithm tries to avoid some significant challenges that throttle from developing applications of cloud computing. However, a smart scheduling technique is proposed in our paper to improve performance processing in cloud applications. Our experimental result of the proposed job scheduling algorithm shows that the proposed schemes possess outstanding enhancing rates with a reduction in waiting time for jobs in queue list.
A REVIEW ON LOAD BALANCING IN CLOUD USING ENHANCED GENETIC ALGORITHM IAEME Publication
“Cloud computing” is a term, which involves virtualization, distributed
computing, networking, software and net services. A cloudconsists of several partssuch as shoppers, datacenter and distributed servers. It includes fault tolerance, high
availability, scalability, flexibility, reduced overhead for users, reduced cost of
possession, on demand services etc. Central to these issues lies the institution of a
good load reconciliation algorithmic rule. The load can be CPU load, memory
capacity, delay or network load. Load balancing is the method of distributing the load
among varied nodes of a distributed system to boost each resource utilization and job
interval whereas additionally avoiding a state of affairs wherever a number of the
nodes area unit heavily loaded whereas different nodes area unit idle or doing little
work. Load balancing ensures that all the processors within the system or each node
within the network will require the equal quantity of labor at any instant of your time.
This technique will be sender initiated, receiver initiated or symmetric sort
(combination of sender initiated and receiver initiated types). Our objective is to
develop an effective load reconciliation algorithmic rule mistreatment divisible load
programming theorem to maximize or minimize completely different performance
parameters (throughput, latency for example) for the clouds of different sizes (virtualtopology de-pending on the appliance requirement).
Providing a multi-objective scheduling tasks by Using PSO algorithm for cost ...Editor IJCATR
This article is intended to use the multi-PSO algorithm for scheduling tasks for cost management in cloud computing. This means that
any migration costs due to supply failure consider as a one objective and each task is a little particle and recognize by use of the
appropriate fitness schedule function (how the particles arrangement) that cost at least amount of total expense. In addition to, the weight
is granted to the each expenditure that reflects the importance of cost. The data which is used to simulate proposed method are series of
academic and research data that are prepared from the Internet and MATLAB software is used for simulation. We simulate two issues,
in the first issue, consider four task by four vehicles and divide tasks. In the second issue, make the issue more complicated and consider
six tasks by four vehicles. We write PSO's output for each two issues of various iterations. Finally, the particles dispersion and as well
as the output of the cost function were computed for each pa
A Review on Scheduling in Cloud Computingijujournal
Cloud computing is the requirement based on clients that this computing which provides software,
infrastructure and platform as a service as per pay for use norm. The scheduling main goal is to achieve
the accuracy and correctness on task completion. The scheduling in cloud environment which enables the
various cloud services to help framework implementation. Thus the far reaching way of different type of
scheduling algorithms in cloud computing environment surveyed which includes the workflow scheduling
and grid scheduling. The survey gives an elaborate idea about grid, cloud, workflow scheduling to
minimize the energy cost, efficiency and throughput of the system.
Demand-driven Gaussian window optimization for executing preferred population...IJECEIAES
Scheduling is one of the essential enabling technique for Cloud computing which facilitates efficient resource utilization among the jobs scheduled for processing. However, it experiences performance overheads due to the inappropriate provisioning of resources to requesting jobs. It is very much essential that the performance of Cloud is accomplished through intelligent scheduling and allocation of resources. In this paper, we propose the application of Gaussian window where jobs of heterogeneous in nature are scheduled in the round-robin fashion on different Cloud clusters. The clusters are heterogeneous in nature having datacenters with varying sever capacity. Performance evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm has enhanced the QoS of the computing model. Allocation of Jobs to specific Clusters has improved the system throughput and has reduced the latency.
A Survey on Virtualization Data Centers For Green Cloud ComputingIJTET Journal
Abstract —Due to trends like Cloud Computing and Green cloud Computing, virtualization technologies are gaining increasing importance. Cloud is a atypical model for computing resources, which intent to computing framework to the network in order to cut down costs of software and hardware resources. Nowadays, power is one of big issue of IDC has huge impacts on society. Researchers are seeking to find solutions to make IDC reduce power consumption. These IDC (Internet Data Center) consume large amounts of energy to process the cloud services, high operational cost, and affecting the lifespan of hardware equipments. The field of Green computing is also becoming more and more important in a world with finite number of energy resources and rising demand. Virtual Machine (VM) mechanism has been broadly applied in data center, including flexibility, reliability, and manageability. The research survey presents about the virtualization IDC in green cloud it contains various key features of the Green cloud, cloud computing, data centers, virtualization, data center with virtualization, power – aware, thermal – aware, network-aware, resource-aware and migration techniques. In this paper the several methods that are utilze to achieve the virtualization in IDC in green cloud computing are discussed.
Virtual Machine Migration Techniques in Cloud Environment: A Surveyijsrd.com
Cloud is an emerging technology in the world of information technology and is built on the key concept of virtualization. Virtualization separates hardware from software and has benefits of server consolidation and live migration. Live migration is a useful tool for migrating OS instances across distant physical of data centers and clusters. It facilitates load balancing, fault management, low-level system maintenance and reduction in energy consumption. In this paper, we survey the major issues of virtual machine live migration. There are various techniques available for live migration and different parameters are considered for migration.
In many organizations, especially in the Human Services industry, labor costs represent the largest expense in the budget. For this reason, effectively managing labor costs is imperative to maintain budget compliance, evaluate programs and services, and meet the complex reporting requirements of funders.
Despite continued efforts of Health & Human Services organizations to reduce labor costs, the challenges of today’s workforce often complicate this objective. Many organizations are struggling with long recruiting cycles, high turnover, and an aging workforce. These factors make it difficult to balance staffing levels and costs. In this environment, many organizations are utilizing pools of PRNs, or on-call staff, to bridge staffing gaps.
This webinar will cover the following topics:
- Creating and sustaining a best-in-class approach towards PRN staffing
- Using technology to track, manage, and communicate with PRN employees
- Proactively tracking and optimizing PRN expenditures
Workforce Planning: A Forward-Looking Approach to Getting the Right People in...ClearCompany
Workforce planning is a core function of human resources and it’s related to the identification and analysis of what an organization is going to need in terms of its workforce. Workforce planning determines what mix of experience, knowledge and skills are required, and it sequences steps to get the right number of people in the right place at the right time.
Workforce planning is one of the most important issues that human resources professionals are talking about. Still, many have not gone beyond the talking stage. The task of implementing workforce planning is daunting because it is so difficult to define.
In an effort to take a pulse on the workforce planning today, we partnered with HR.com to conduct a survey in the fall of 2016, to gather information on the current state of human resources and their workforce planning efforts.
REAL-TIME ADAPTIVE ENERGY-SCHEDULING ALGORITHM FOR VIRTUALIZED CLOUD COMPUTINGijdpsjournal
Cloud computing becomes an ideal computing paradigm for scientific and commercial applications. The increased availability of the cloud models and allied developing models creates easier computing cloud environment. Energy consumption and effective energy management are the two important challenges in virtualized computing platforms. Energy consumption can be minimized by allocating computationally
intensive tasks to a resource at a suitable frequency. An optimal Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) based strategy of task allocation can minimize the overall consumption of energy and meet the required QoS. However, they do not control the internal and external switching to server frequencies,
which causes the degradation of performance. In this paper, we propose the Real Time Adaptive EnergyScheduling (RTAES) algorithm by manipulating the reconfiguring proficiency of Cloud ComputingVirtualized Data Centers (CCVDCs) for computationally intensive applications. The RTAES algorithm
minimizes consumption of energy and time during computation, reconfiguration and communication. Our proposed model confirms the effectiveness of its implementation, scalability, power consumption and execution time with respect to other existing approaches.
REAL-TIME ADAPTIVE ENERGY-SCHEDULING ALGORITHM FOR VIRTUALIZED CLOUD COMPUTINGijdpsjournal
Cloud computing becomes an ideal computing paradigm for scientific and commercial applications. The
increased availability of the cloud models and allied developing models creates easier computing cloud
environment. Energy consumption and effective energy management are the two important challenges in
virtualized computing platforms. Energy consumption can be minimized by allocating computationally
intensive tasks to a resource at a suitable frequency. An optimal Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling
(DVFS) based strategy of task allocation can minimize the overall consumption of energy and meet the
required QoS. However, they do not control the internal and external switching to server frequencies,
which causes the degradation of performance. In this paper, we propose the Real Time Adaptive EnergyScheduling (RTAES) algorithm by manipulating the reconfiguring proficiency of Cloud ComputingVirtualized Data Centers (CCVDCs) for computationally intensive applications. The RTAES algorithm
minimizes consumption of energy and time during computation, reconfiguration and communication. Our
proposed model confirms the effectiveness of its implementation, scalability, power consumption and
execution time with respect to other existing approaches.
REAL-TIME ADAPTIVE ENERGY-SCHEDULING ALGORITHM FOR VIRTUALIZED CLOUD COMPUTINGijdpsjournal
Cloud computing becomes an ideal computing paradigm for scientific and commercial applications. The increased availability of the cloud models and allied developing models creates easier computing cloud environment. Energy consumption and effective energy management are the two important challenges in virtualized computing platforms. Energy consumption can be minimized by allocating computationally intensive tasks to a resource at a suitable frequency. An optimal Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) based strategy of task allocation can minimize the overall consumption of energy and meet the required QoS. However, they do not control the internal and external switching to server frequencies, which causes the degradation of performance. In this paper, we propose the Real Time Adaptive EnergyScheduling (RTAES) algorithm by manipulating the reconfiguring proficiency of Cloud ComputingVirtualized Data Centers (CCVDCs) for computationally intensive applications. The RTAES algorithm minimizes consumption of energy and time during computation, reconfiguration and communication. Our proposed model confirms the effectiveness of its implementation, scalability, power consumption and execution time with respect to other existing approaches.
REAL-TIME ADAPTIVE ENERGY-SCHEDULING ALGORITHM FOR VIRTUALIZED CLOUD COMPUTINGijdpsjournal
Cloud computing becomes an ideal computing paradigm for scientific and commercial applications. The
increased availability of the cloud models and allied developing models creates easier computing cloud
environment. Energy consumption and effective energy management are the two important challenges in
virtualized computing platforms. Energy consumption can be minimized by allocating computationally
intensive tasks to a resource at a suitable frequency. An optimal Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling
(DVFS) based strategy of task allocation can minimize the overall consumption of energy and meet the
required QoS. However, they do not control the internal and external switching to server frequencies,
which causes the degradation of performance. In this paper, we propose the Real Time Adaptive EnergyScheduling (RTAES) algorithm by manipulating the reconfiguring proficiency of Cloud ComputingVirtualized Data Centers (CCVDCs) for computationally intensive applications. The RTAES algorithm
minimizes consumption of energy and time during computation, reconfiguration and communication. Our
proposed model confirms the effectiveness of its implementation, scalability, power consumption and
execution time with respect to other existing approaches.
A Review on Scheduling in Cloud Computingijujournal
Cloud computing is the requirement based on clients that this computing which provides software,
infrastructure and platform as a service as per pay for use norm. The scheduling main goal is to achieve
the accuracy and correctness on task completion. The scheduling in cloud environment which enables the
various cloud services to help framework implementation. Thus the far reaching way of different type of
scheduling algorithms in cloud computing environment surveyed which includes the workflow scheduling
and grid scheduling. The survey gives an elaborate idea about grid, cloud, workflow scheduling to
minimize the energy cost, efficiency and throughput of the system.
A Review on Scheduling in Cloud Computingijujournal
Cloud computing is the requirement based on clients that this computing which provides software,
infrastructure and platform as a service as per pay for use norm. The scheduling main goal is to achieve
the accuracy and correctness on task completion. The scheduling in cloud environment which enables the
various cloud services to help framework implementation. Thus the far reaching way of different type of
scheduling algorithms in cloud computing environment surveyed which includes the workflow scheduling
and grid scheduling. The survey gives an elaborate idea about grid, cloud, workflow scheduling to
minimize the energy cost, efficiency and throughput of the system.
An Approach to Reduce Energy Consumption in Cloud data centers using Harmony ...neirew J
Fast development of knowledge and communication has established a new computational style which is
known as cloud computing. One of the main issues considered by the cloud infrastructure providers, is to
minimize the costs and maximize the profitability. Energy management in the cloud data centers is very
important to achieve such goal. Energy consumption can be reduced either by releasing idle nodes or by
reducing the virtual machines migrations. To do the latter, one of the challenges is to select the placement
approach of the migrated virtual machines on the appropriate node. In this paper, an approach to reduce
the energy consumption in cloud data centers is proposed. This approach adapts harmony search
algorithm to migrate the virtual machines. It performs the placement by sorting the nodes and virtual
machines based on their priority in descending order. The priority is calculated based on the workload.
The proposed approach is simulated. The evaluation results show the reduction in the virtual machine
migrations, the increase of efficiency and the reduction of energy consumption.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Energy efficient utilization of data center resources can be carried out by optimization of the resources allocated in virtual machine placement through live migration. This paper proposes a method to optimize virtual machine placement in Banker algorithm for energy efficient cloud computing to tackle the issue of load balancing for hotspot mitigation and proposed method is named as Optimized Virtual Machine Placement in Banker algorithm (OVMPBA). By determining the state of host overload through dynamic thresholds technique and minimization migration policy for VM selection from the overloaded host an attempt is made to efficiently utilize the available computing resources and thus minimize the energy consumption in the cloud environment. The above research work is experimentally simulated on CloudSim Simulator and the experimental result shows that proposed OVMPBA method provides better energy efficiency and lesser number of migrations against existing methods of host overload detection-virtual machine selection and therefore maximizes the cloud energy efficiency.
Power consumption prediction in cloud data center using machine learningIJECEIAES
The flourishing development of the cloud computing paradigm provides several ser- vices in the industrial business world. Power consumption by cloud data centers is one of the crucial issues for service providers in the domain of cloud computing. Pursuant to the rapid technology enhancements in cloud environments and data centers augmentations, power utilization in data centers is expected to grow unabated. A diverse set of numerous connected devices, engaged with the ubiquitous cloud, results in unprecedented power utilization by the data centers, accompanied by increased carbon footprints. Nearly a million physical machines (PM) are running all over the data centers, along with (5 – 6) million virtual machines (VM). In the next five years, the power needs of this domain are expected to spiral up to 5% of global power production. The virtual machine power consumption reduction impacts the diminishing of the PM’s power, however further changing in power consumption of data center year by year, to aid the cloud vendors using prediction methods. The sudden fluctuation in power utilization will cause power outage in the cloud data centers. This paper aims to forecast the VM power consumption with the help of regressive predictive analysis, one of the Machine Learning (ML) techniques. The potency of this approach to make better predictions of future value, using Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) regressor which provides 91% of accuracy during the prediction process.
A hybrid algorithm to reduce energy consumption management in cloud data centersIJECEIAES
There are several physical data centers in cloud environment with hundreds or thousands of computers. Virtualization is the key technology to make cloud computing feasible. It separates virtual machines in a way that each of these so-called virtualized machines can be configured on a number of hosts according to the type of user application. It is also possible to dynamically alter the allocated resources of a virtual machine. Different methods of energy saving in data centers can be divided into three general categories: 1) methods based on load balancing of resources; 2) using hardware facilities for scheduling; 3) considering thermal characteristics of the environment. This paper focuses on load balancing methods as they act dynamically because of their dependence on the current behavior of system. By taking a detailed look on previous methods, we provide a hybrid method which enables us to save energy through finding a suitable configuration for virtual machines placement and considering special features of virtual environments for scheduling and balancing dynamic loads by live migration method.
In this research simulation process was according to the cost of the proposed
algorithms. The proposed algorithms were as follow LA, CA and LOAC algorithms.
NETBEANS software was employed for implementation of these algorithms. Results of
simulation of this research were validated with pinch mark. The results of simulation
were for two aspects, in terms of cost for four scenarios and in terms of processing time
for seven different data centers. The results for costs were stated that the lower cost is
happened at the first scenario and maximum cost happened at the third scenario. When
it comes to the processing time, the maximum delay happens in data center No.6 while
the minimum processing time happened in data center No.2
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
2. M. Dhanalakshmi and Anirban Basu
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCET/index.asp 46 editor@iaeme.com
1. INTRODUCTION
Cloud Computing[1] is dominant computing platform in scientific, engineering and
every field due to this energy efficiency in cloud computing is becoming very
important. The fast growth of cloud resources increases energy consumption results in
carbon dioxide emission which effects the global environment leads to develop
innovative energy efficient techniques for Green cloud computing[2][3], it seeks to
minimizing energy consumption in a Cloud Computing environment[4][5].
To minimize the energy consumption in cloud the computing resources CPU,
memory, disk, bandwidth has to be utilized effectively for this propose Virtualization
is used. Virtualization software and Virtual Machine (VM) placement are important
aspects in a Cloud Computing environment. Virtualization abstracts lower level server
hardware resources for the upper level services which are capsulated in virtual
machines. Many VM placement algorithms are being used in cloud computing
environment to minimize energy consumption [6][7]. However, most of these
techniques have not considered minimizing the energy consumption based on both
VM energy consumption and balancing resource utilization which results in
performing maximum consolidation of VMs to reduce the number of servers required
to allocate them and leads to better energy efficiency and reduce the heat
generation[8][9].
They reason why we need to develop this proposed scheduling algorithm based on
VM and host energy consumption in the cloud data centre is even though the energy
management technique are adopted for monitoring, maintaining and reducing the
power and temperature due to several reasons may be the system is ON for several
hours or faults in the system or servers are old, the energy consumption in the host
sometime may increases or decreases gradually, due to this in the proposed energy
efficient algorithm is based on energy consumption, at the time of allocating the VM
on the host, we find the energy efficient host[10][11] and resources utilization( CPU,
RAM and disk storage) are balanced on the hosts in the cloud data centre results in
minimizing energy consumption.
As discussed in the paper[12][13] regarding analysing of workload or tasks type
some of the tasks require more CPU and minimum memory for computation and
some task require more memory and minimum CPU based on this to balance the
resources VMs are classified into VM CPU type, VM memory type. The VM CPU
type means more CPU resource and minimum memory resource is utilized, VM
memory type means more memory and minimum CPU is utilized. When these VM
types are scheduled into the host the CPU and RAM utilization should not violate the
maximum host CPU threshold and host memory threshold, The proposed energy
efficient algorithm is compared with energy based efficient resource scheduling
algorithm EBERSF[14] and energy efficient utilization of resources EEUR[15]
techniques which leads further minimization of energy consumption. The
effectiveness of the proposed technique has been verified by simulating on CloudSim
[19]. Experimental results confirm that the technique proposed here can significantly
minimize the energy consumption in cloud.
The paper is organized as follows. Section II we discuss Related Work. Section III
is the Proposed Techniques. Section IV is Experimental Results. Section V paper is
Concluded.
3. Energy Efficient Virtual Machine Assignment Based on Energy Consumption and
Resource Utilization in Cloud Network
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCET/index.asp 47 editor@iaeme.com
2. RELATED TECHNIQUES
Anton Beloglazov et al. [7], authors propose an efficient resource management policy
for virtualized Cloud data centres. Their aim is to reduce power consumption, The
technique is continuously consolidate VMs leveraging live migration and switch off
idle nodes to reduce power consumption, while providing required Quality of Service.
Their evaluation results showing that dynamic reallocation of VMs brings substantial
energy savings.
Hieu Trong Vu et al [8] in their paper author proposed an algorithm for virtual
machine placement mechanism that considers both power and traffic among VMs
within a cloud data center. The communication performance is improved by reducing
virtual machines traffic cost and energy.
Cesar O. Diaz et al. [9] in their paper presents UnaCloud: an opportunistic cloud
computing Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) model implementation, which reduces
the cost compared with dedicated cloud infrastructures, They propose an IaaS
architecture based on two strategies: virtualization strategy that provides on demand
deployment of customized execution environments and opportunistic strategy where
idle computing resources are provide to the client. IaaS model provides high
efficiency in the deployment of virtual machines in scientific projects.
Stoess et al. [10] who discussed the possibility of energy measurement for Virtual
Machines, which cannot be done by connecting hardware measurement devices. They
proposed that power usage could be accurately calculated so long as each hardware
device reports its power usage in each power mode to its device driver, which in turn
would relay the information to the Operating System.
Husain Bohra et al. [11] in their paper describe online monitoring of resource
utilization along with the implementation of power-aware policies to reduce the total
energy consumption. In their work authors present a novel power modelling
technique, VMeter, based on online monitoring of system-resources having high
correlation with the total power consumption. The monitored system sub-components
include: CPU, cache, disk, and DRAM. This model predicts instantaneous power
consumption of an individual VM hosted on a physical node besides the full system
power consumption.
James W. Smith et al.[13] in their paper the effect of different workloads on server
power consumption in a Private Cloud platform is discussed and display a noticeable
difference in energy consumption when servers are given tasks that dominate various
resources (CPU, Memory, Hard Disk and Network).
Sukhpal Singh et al[14] In their paper, authors emphasis on the development of
energy based resource scheduling framework and present an algorithm that consider
the energy between various data centre and Quality of Service. The performance of
the proposed algorithm has been evaluated with the existing energy based scheduling
algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that this approach is effective in
minimizing the cost and energy consumption of Cloud.
Y. C. Lee et al., [15] authors in their presents two energy task consolidation
heuristics, which maximize the resource utilization considering both active and idle
energy consumption. The heuristics assign each task to the resource on which the
energy consumption is minimized. This energy efficient model is for homogenous
cloud workloads.
4. M. Dhanalakshmi and Anirban Basu
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCET/index.asp 48 editor@iaeme.com
However, most of these techniques have not considered minimizing the energy
consumption based on both VM energy consumption and balancing the resource
utilization. The VM Assignment algorithm allocates VM on energy efficient host and
balances the resource utilization on the hosts results in minimizes the energy
consumption and reduces the heat generation.
3. PROPOSED TECHNIQUE
In this paper to minimize the energy consumption, we propose VM Assignment
algorithm. The energy efficient VM Assignment algorithm is based on energy
consumption and balancing the resource utilization is illustrated in Figure 1. First we
measure the energy consumption of host and VMs using energy equation as discussed
below in section 3.1. we consider both the VM and host energy consumption and
classify the VMs based on their resource usage CPU, memory and schedule them in
such way to balance the resources utilization among the hosts in the cloud data centre
and minimize the energy consumption [7] [8][9].
3.1. Measurement of Energy Consumption using Energy Equations
The tasks arrives the data centre, for each task the VM is created. The energy usage of
individual VM is measured by monitoring the energy consumption of VM resources
on server namely CPU, cache, DRAM, Hard disk. The energy equation is based on
OS utilization and performance counters [10]. Because of the lack of measurement of
any direct hardware performance counter. The hardware architecture generates the
resource utilization per VM about CPU, Cache, DRAM and Disk through the system
events such as: CPU-CLOCK-NOT-HALTED, RAM-ACCESSES, INSTRUCTION-
CACHE-READ, and DATA-CACHE-READ via performance counters register.
These events are used to monitor the power consumption of the VM.
The power equation based on the hardware resources is given in equation 1.
P(total)=k0+(k1*Pcpu)+(k2*Pcache)+(k3*Pdram)+(k4*Pstorage) (1)
The values for k0 (constant power during calibration) and k1 (for CPU), k2 (for
Cache), k3 (for DRAM), k4 (for Hard Disk) are obtained by measurement. Where the
Pcpu - CPU utilization, Pcache - Cache memory access count, Pdram - DRAM memory
access count, Pstorage - storage hard disk I/O rate.
The total system power is defined as a function of the utilization of CPU, DRAM,
Cache, storage hard disk [11]. If Psysmax is the maximum power consumed when the
server is fully utilized; k is the fraction of power consumed by the idle server (e.g.
70%); u is the CPU utilized, r is DRAM access count, s is storage hard disk I/O rate, c
is the Cache memory access count, then the total system power is as given below:
Psys(u+r+c+s) =k.Psysmax+ (1- k).Psysmax.u.r.c.s (2)
Psysmax is normally 250 W, which is the normal value for modern servers. The
utilization of the CPU, DRAM and storage hard disk, Cache, may change over time
due to workload variability. The CPU, DRAM, Cache, storage utilization is a function
of time and is represented as u(t), r(t), c(t), s(t). Therefore, the total energy
consumption by a physical node (E) can be defined as integral of the power
consumption function over a period of time from t0 to t1 as shown in equation (3).
(3)
5. Energy Efficient Virtual Machine Assignment Based on Energy Consumption and
Resource Utilization in Cloud Network
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCET/index.asp 49 editor@iaeme.com
3.2. Energy efficient VM placement Scheduling
In the proposed energy efficient VM Assignment algorithm, The resource utilization (
CPU, memory) and energy consumption of hosts in the cloud is measured using
energy equation as specified in section 3.1, these values are stored into a table in
ascending order. The m tasks arrives the cloud data centre, the VM is created for each
task, the energy consumption of each VM is measured, and these values are stored
into a table in descending order. Next to balance the VM allocation, the resource
utilization of the VM (CPU, memory) is measured and the VMs are classified into
VM CPU type, VM memory type[12][13]. The VM CPU type means more CPU
resources and minimum memory resources is utilized, VM memory type means more
memory and minimum CPU is utilized. Schedule the classified VMs such that
balancing the resource utilization across the computing nodes in the data centres and
while allocating the VM on the host check CPU, memory utilization does not exceeds
the maximum host CPU threshold, host memory threshold. Find the maximum power
threshold of the host; estimate the total power on host after assigning VM. If the
estimated power is less than the maximum power threshold allocate the VM on the
host. The VMs is allocated to hosts that provide the least increase in energy
consumption. Results in minimizing the energy consumption and reduces the heat
generation [14] [15] . The pseudo-code for the algorithm is illustrated in Figure. 1 and
the following terms are used [16][17][18].
ecbahostList : Energy consumption on host before allocating VM.
ecbavmList: Energy consumption of each VM.
vmCPUList : The VM List consists of VM where more CPU and minimum memory
is utilized.
vmMEMList : The VM List consists of VM where more memory and minimum
CPU is utilized.
hostCPUthreshold: The maximum CPU utilization on each host.
hostMEMthreshold: The maximum memory utilization on each host.
Input: hostList,vmList,vmCPUList,vmMEMList,ecbahostList, ecbavmList
Output: Allocating VMs on Energy Efficient Host and balancing the resource
utilization to minimize energy consumption and reduce the heat generation
1. Update energy consumption of each active host before allocating VMs to
ecbahostList
2. Update each VM energy consumption to ecbavmList
3.ecbahostList.sortAscendingenergyconsumption()
4. ecbavmList.sortDescendingenergyconsumption()
5.vmList.classified() and update into vmCPUList,vmMEMList.
6. Power←MAX
7. AssignedHost←NULL
8. hostnum=1;
9. balance = true
10. foreach vm in vmCPUList do
11. while( host in ecbahostList[hostnum])
6. M. Dhanalakshmi and Anirban Basu
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCET/index.asp 50 editor@iaeme.com
12. if (CPUutilizaonhost <= hostCPUthreshold && balancing among the
computing nodes)
13. powerreq←requiredPower(host, VM)
14. if powerreq < Power then
15. AssignedHost←host
16. Power←powerreq
17. if AssignedHost≠ NULL then
18. Allocate VM to allocated Host
hostnum=hostnum+1;
19. Break;
20. else
21. hostnum = hostnum+1;
22. End while
23. if (violated hostCPUthreshold)
24 MigrationList.add(VM);
25 endfor
26. hostnum=1;
27. foreach vm in vmMEMList do
28. while(host in ecbahostList[hostnum])
29. if (MEMutilizaonhos <=hostMEMthreshold&&balance)
30. power←requiredPower(host, vm)
31. if powerreq < Power then
32. AssignedHost←host
33. minPower←power
34. if AssignedHost≠ NULL then
35. allocate vm to AssignedHost
36. hostnum = hostnum+1;
37. break;
38. else
39. hostnum = hostnum+1;
40. endwhile
41. if (violated hostMEMthreshold)
42. MigrationList.add(VM);
43. endfor
Figure 1 Energy Efficient VM Assignment Algorithm
7. Energy Efficient Virtual Machine Assignment Based on Energy Consumption and
Resource Utilization in Cloud Network
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCET/index.asp 51 editor@iaeme.com
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The performance of the proposed method h a s been evaluated by simulating using
CloudSim [19]. The simulated data centre is conducted with specified conditions as
tabulated in Table 1.
Table 1 Clouds Simulation Setup
No of Data Centres 1
No of Cloudlets 3000
No of Hosts in Data Centre 100
Resource Configuration of each host Host have one CPU core with
2000,3000,4000 MIPs, 8GB
RAM,
500 GB disk
Resource Configuration of each VM VM have one CPU core with
200,500,750 or 1000 MIPs,
256MB RAM,
1 GB disk
We simulated proposed energy efficient VM Assignment algorithm to minimizing
the energy consumption. The VM is allocated on energy efficient host, it is based on
VM energy consumption and balanced resource utilization which leads better energy
efficiency. The experimental result of the proposed energy efficient scheduling
algorithm is compared with existing approach the energy based efficient resource
scheduling algorithm (EBERSF) [14] and energy efficient utilization of resources
(EEUR) [15] is illustrated in Figure 2.
The Proposed algorithm the resources are balanced among the hosts which leads
further minimization of energy consumption when compared with EBERSF and
EEUR algorithm where the resource utilization are not balanced.
Figure 2 Comparisons between Proposed, EBERSF, EEUR
Technique to minimize energy consumption
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Energy
Consumed
(Millions)
EEUR
EBERSF
Proposed
No of VMs
8. M. Dhanalakshmi and Anirban Basu
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCET/index.asp 52 editor@iaeme.com
5. CONCLUSION
In this proposed technique, the energy consumption is minimized and is based on VM
energy consumption and balanced resource utilization. We schedule the VMs using
the proposed energy efficient algorithm which leads further minimization of energy
consumption when compared EBERSF and EEUR techniques. In this algorithm we
consider both the VM and host energy consumption and classify the VMs based the
resource usage and schedule them in such way to balance the resources utilization
among the hosts in the cloud data centre and the VMs are allocated to hosts that
provides the least increase in energy consumption. This technique results in
minimizing energy consumption and heat dissipation is reduced which leads to green
environment.
REFERENCES
[1] Intel’s cloud computing 2015 vision. http://www.intel.com/
content/www/us/en/cloud-computing/cloudcomputing-intel-cloud-2015-
vision.html.
[2] Google Inc. The Big Picture FAQs - Google Green.
http://www.google.com/intl/en/green/bigpicture/ references.html, 2013- 07-11.
[3] Green Grid 2010. Unused Servers Survey Results Analysis. Green Grid report.
[4] Sosinsky, Cloud Computing Bible, Wiley Publishing Inc. (2012).
[5] P. Mell,The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing, NIST Special Publication,
(2011).
[6] Susane Albers (2010), Energy efficient algorithms, Communication of ACM, vol.
53 No. 5, 86-96.
[7] Anton Beloglazov, R. Buyya, Energy Efficient Allocation of Virtual Machines in
Cloud Data enters, 2010 10th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Cluster,
cloud and Grid Computing.
[8] Hieu Trong Vu, Soonwook Hwang, A Traffic and Power-aware Algorithm for
Virtual Machine Placement in Cloud Data Center, in International Journal of Grid
and Distributed Computing. Vol.7, No.1 2014, pp.21-32
[9] Cesar O. Diaz, Harold Castro, Mario Villamizar, Johnatan E. Pecero and Pascal
Bouvry, Energy-aware VM allocation on an opportunistic cloud infrastructure, in
13th IEEE/ACM international Symposium on Cluster, Cloud, and Grid
Computing (CCGrid), pp. 663-670, may 2013
[10] J. Stoess and C. Lang, Energy management for hypervisor based virtual
machines, on Proceedings of the USENIX Annual, 2007.
[11] Husain Bohra, Ata E, and Vipin Chaudhary.VMeter: power modelling for
virtualized clouds, IEEE International Symposium on Parallel & Distributed
Processing, Workshops and Phd Forum (IPDPSW) April 2010.
[12] James William Smith Ali Khajeh-Hosseini Jonathan Stuart Ward Ian
Sommerville, CloudMonitor: Profiling Power Usage, IEEE Fifth International
Conference on Cloud Computing, June 2012.
[13] James W. Smith and Ian Sommerville, Workload Classification & Software
Energy Measurement for Efficient Scheduling on Private Cloud Platforms, in
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, ACM 2011.
[14] Sukhpal Singh and Inderveer Chana, Energy based Efficient Resource
Scheduling: A Step Towards Green Computing, in International Journal of
Energy, Information and Communications ,Vol.5, Issue 2 2014, pp.35-52.
9. Energy Efficient Virtual Machine Assignment Based on Energy Consumption and
Resource Utilization in Cloud Network
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCET/index.asp 53 editor@iaeme.com
[15] Y. C. Lee and A. Y. Zomaya, Energy efficient utilization of resources in Cloud
computing systems, The Journal of Supercomputing, vol. 60, no. 2, (2012), pp.
268-280.
[16] Jayshri Damodar Pagare and Dr. Nitin A Koli, Performance Analysis of an
Energy Efficient Virtual Machine Consolidation Algorithm in Cloud Computing,
IJCET, May 2015
[17] Bhavik Agrawal. Green Cloud Computing. International Journal of Electronics
and communication engineering and Technology, 4(7), 2013, pp. 239-243.
[18] Nikhil Gajra, Shamsuddin S. Khan and Pradnya Rane, private cloud data security:
secured user authentication by using enhanced hybrid algorithms, IJCET, April
2014
[19] R.Buyya. Cloud Simulator cloudsim version 2.1, GRIDS Lab,
http://code.google.com/p/cloudsim, July 27, 2010