This document discusses sustainable energy sources and energy crisis management in India. It summarizes that energy crises can be temporary due to supply issues, or permanent due to overconsumption depleting resources. It then outlines where energy is consumed like transportation, agriculture, and industries. To manage crises, the document recommends staggering supply, improving efficiency, auditing for waste reduction, and developing renewable sources. The potential of renewable sources in India is explored, specifically solar, wind, biomass, tidal, and the advantages and limitations of each are summarized.

1. Subject: ECHM
Ch-2: Sustainable Development
Prepared by:
Kaushal N Kareliya

2. Energy crisis
What is it?
Types of Energy crisis
-Temporary
(strikes in refinery, failure of raw energy supply
to industry, war like condition, calamities)
-Permanent
(over consumption of energy and depletion of
energy resources)

3. Where we consume energy?
• 40-50% Cooking, lighting, fans, refrigerator and air-
conditioner in office, business and factories
• 20% energy of petrol, CNG, Diesel in Transportation
• Agriculture require for irrigation and operating farm
machineries
• Industries need run machineries, equipment and
processes

4. Energy crisis management
• Staggering supply and distribution of electrical energy
• Developing energy efficient system
• Energy audit to reduce wastage of energy
• Economize use of energy
• Use sustainable source of energy

5. Advantages of renewable source
• Freely available and never exhausting
• Cost free
• No cost of transportation
• Energy density is low hence no accident
• Non polluting
• Locally available and run easily
• Not emit green house gases
• Energy security very high

6. Potential of Renewable energy source in INDIA
Solar Energy:
Sun is source of Energy
Large hydrogen reactor
Electromagnetic waves (light, heat)
7kwh/day/m2
Limitation:
energy density low, hence large surface
day and night cycle
in monsoon not available intensity low
very bulky

7. Potential of Wind Power
• Seashore 8-25 km/h
• Wind produce?
• Potential very good
• Indirect energy of Solar energy
Limitations
direction and velocity changing
unpredictable
interior region less speed
uneven wind speed causes difficulty to produce power
In thunderstorm wind mills damage

8. Potential of Biomass energy
Examples of Biomass
- plants, leaves, tree logs, twigs, husks, municipal waste and
animal excreta
Technique to obtain energy from biomass
1. Direct combustion of dried biomass
2. Gasification of biomass
3. Digestion in biogas plants

9. Continued…….
• 10-14kg/cattle  0.46 m3  1kWh
• State government subsidy on the loans provided to
farmer

10. Potential of Tidal Energy
• 70% of tides moon
• 30% of tides sun
• High tides  water tides move towards seashore
• Low tides  water tides move away from seashore
• Minimum range of water level 3 meter
• Location of barrage is important

11. Continued….
• Power plant run on available water level difference
• Power o/p not continuous
• Continuity made by multiple basins
• Sea water highly corrosion
• Major component of tidal power plant
– Barrage
– Turbine
– Generator
– Sluice ways from basin to sea