Advanced Thermodynamics and Thermoeconomics project work with Prof. E. Colombo at Politecnico di Milano. The project consisted in analyzing the energy mix in Indonesia related to available data of 2015 and, then, in simulating a shock analysis by introducing new energy policies of the country.

1. Energy assessment for Indonesia
Group 11
Camberlingo Francesco, Bresciani Federico,
I Wayan Krisnayudi, Goubert Cedric
MSc course of «Advanced Thermodynamics and Thermoeconomics»
Prof. Emanuela Colombo
Politecnico di Milano - Department of Energy

2. 2
Indonesian TPES
Unit of measure: ktoe Coal Crude oil Oil products Natural gas Nuclear Hydro Geothermal, solar, etc Biofuels and waste Electricity Heat Total
Production 272258 40841 0 65673 0 1303 17260 60663 0 0 457998
Imports 1710 24936 30466 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 57112
Exports -237915 -14876 -5121 -29077 0 0 0 -1570 0 0 -288559
International marine bunkers 0 0 -221 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -221
International marine bunkers 0 0 -849 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -849
Stock change 0 -90 122 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32
TPES 36054 50810 24396 36596 0 1303 17260 59094 1 0 225513
In 2014
- Largest coal exporter since 2012
- 4th largest coal producer
- 7th largest LNG exporter
- Largest producer of biofuels

3. 3
Indonesian TPES
In 40 years TPES increased
almost 5 times
Only two pitfalls over the year
during 1999 and 2009 due to
internal and global crisis
Biofuels are the substitute of
exported coal.
Historical values
Energy Production
Share of TPES by sources

4. Indonesian development
The GDP increased almost of 5 times in the past 20 years.
The government aims to have the same trend over the next 15 years.
The increase in EP is also related to the rise of people welfare.

5. Electricity Generation Mix
Electric power generation based for
50% on coal.
Gas
Coal
Oil

6. Emissions per capita are not so high in fact only the burned fossil fuels
are considered and Indonesia exports a lot.
CO2 emission per capita

7. Human Development Index (HDI)

8. Consumption side
Unit of measure: ktoe Coal Crude oil Oil products Natural gas Nuclear Hydro Geothermal, solar, etc Biofuels and waste Electricity Heat Total
TFC 6569 1070 65493 17029 0 0 0 58022 17080 0 165263
Industry 6569 0 7683 12869 0 0 0 6602 5668 0 39392
Transport 0 0 45011 28 0 0 0 1091 0 0 46130
Other transformation 0 0 10078 215 0 0 0 50329 11412 0 72034
Residential 0 0 7308 16 0 0 0 50132 7019 0 64475
Commercial and pulic services 0 0 754 199 0 0 0 198 4180 0 5331
Agriculture/forestry 0 0 1881 0 0 0 0 0 212 0 2094
Fishing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non-specified 0 0 134 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 134
Non-energy use 0 1070 2722 3916 0 0 0 0 0 0 7708
>of which chemcial/petrochemical 0 1070 2104 3916 0 0 0 0 0 0 7091

9. Embodied energy analysis
Model A
• Energy embodied in the final demand endogenously consumed by the economy
• Energy embodied in the final demand imported by other economies
• Energy embodied in the final demand exported to other economies
Model B
• Primary energy produced in other economies to support the production of final demand imported in
IDN
• Primary energy produced in IDN to support the endogenous and the exported final demand
We confirm that IDN is a net exporter or producer.
Moreover the mining and quarrying accounts for almost 85% of the total export!

10. Net exports [kToe]
ENET =121.5 billion $

11. Proposed shock: new Mining Law
Mineral and Coal Mining Law No.4:
•Approved in 2009 but came into force in January 2014
•Ban on export of raw materials

12. Shock analysis
Results:
•No change in total production, in fact we simply moved quantities
•Higher price indices and unit embodied energy in Indonesia, but lower in the other countries
•World variation in unit embodied energy is negative: ∆𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡 = - 0.1863
•Net exports of Indonesia has decreased

13. References and data sources
14
1. Human Development Reports, www.hdr.undp.org
2. International Energy Agency, www.iea.org/countries/non-membercountries/indonesia
3. World Data Bank, www.data.worldbank.org/region/east-asia-and-pacific
4. Ministry of Mineral and Energy Indonesia, https://www.esdm.go.id/