Instead of signing MoU, PPA, submitting performance bank guarantee etc for 25 years or participating in cut throat bidding process (project is viable only to module manufacturers for the rate it can be achieved), I suggest to develop the solar project under REC Mechanism, as for selling the power through average exchange rate and realizing the mean value of REC rate for first five years and half of the floor price for next 5 years, yields levellised rate of Rs.10.536*. [Solar Tariff in Gujarat: Rs. 9.28 for project commissioned up to 2013, Rs. 8.63 for project commissioned up to 2014 and Rs. 8.03 for project commissioned up to 2015].
Even if REC floor price is reduced by half for next 5 years and NIL thereafter, developing the project under REC and selling the power through Energy Exchange, would yield rate of Rs.9.647 which is more than maximum rate of NVVN against cost of generation not more than Rs.6.50. [NVVN is the nodal agency of NTPC for procuring solar power to meet their REC requirement. In the 1st phase NVVN finalized bid for 150 MW Solar Projects and in latest bid for 350 MW Solar Projects. In the latest NVVN bid the price offer for solar power projects were minimum Rs.7.49 and maximum Rs.9.44]
Introduction to the Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) MechanismSpark Network
Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) Mechanism issued by Ministry of New & Renewable Energy of India to facilitate interstate transactions of Renewable Energy and to promote RE based projects. This report covers all the basic aspects of REC Mechanism along with the Operational Framewokr of the same.
The Sate of Tamil Nadu has recently released new solar policy with highly ambitious target of 9GW by 2023. Gensol has highlighted key areas of focus & inferences with respect to incentives, energy accounting, wheeling of power etc.
A comparative study has been carried by Gensol on Solar-Wind Hybrid Policies issued by Central Government, Gujarat State & Andhra Pradesh (A.P.) in terms of following:
1) Incentives & Pertinent Charges
2) Evacuation & Metering Scheme
3) Energy Accounting & Banking
4) AC-DC Integration & other important clauses.
Introduction to the Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) MechanismSpark Network
Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) Mechanism issued by Ministry of New & Renewable Energy of India to facilitate interstate transactions of Renewable Energy and to promote RE based projects. This report covers all the basic aspects of REC Mechanism along with the Operational Framewokr of the same.
The Sate of Tamil Nadu has recently released new solar policy with highly ambitious target of 9GW by 2023. Gensol has highlighted key areas of focus & inferences with respect to incentives, energy accounting, wheeling of power etc.
A comparative study has been carried by Gensol on Solar-Wind Hybrid Policies issued by Central Government, Gujarat State & Andhra Pradesh (A.P.) in terms of following:
1) Incentives & Pertinent Charges
2) Evacuation & Metering Scheme
3) Energy Accounting & Banking
4) AC-DC Integration & other important clauses.
Gensol has carried out state-wise comparative analysis for forecasting, scheduling and deviation settlement mechanism (DSM) of Solar & Wind projects. There has been huge requirement to facilitate large-scale RE integration with grid while maintaining grid stability and security as envisaged under the Grid Code.Following points are highlighted in this presentation:
1) Responsibility & Requirements
2) Available Capacity & Tolerance Band
3) Deviation Settlement Mechanism (DSM)
4) Metering, Energy & Deviation Accounting etc (Click here)
Gensol has summarised the tender issued by SECI for 2.5GW Wind Solar Hybrid ISTS projects.
The document covers major commercial & technical guidelines provided in the tender.
The presentation throws light on the commercial aspects of developing a solar project in Maharashtra with a view to supply power to a third party through open access.
Specifically, it probes into the spectrum of open access charges that are applicable while the generated power traverses through the state transmission and local distribution grid, starting from the plant end to the consumer end.
The largest tender by Solar Energy Corporation of India for Floating Solar for 150 MW is up for bidding.
The document is a summary of the tender document and covers the commercial & technical guidelines provided in the tender.
Gensol has presented quicks highlights of 1200MW Renewable Energy Tender with assured Peak Power Supply in terms of eligibility criteria, bidders obligations, project capacity (MW), generation criteria, various guarantees, project tariff rate (Rs/kWh) and many more. It's interesting to highlight that SECI has issued tender with no cap in tariff at the same assured peak power supply.
Solar Parks are becoming increasingly popular & MNRE is leaving no stone unturned to make them a success.
The ppt mentions the nuts & bolts of the Solar Park Scheme of MNRE.
Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) MechanismKranav Sharma
This presentation provides a proper introduction to the Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) mechanism in India; a possible tool for obligated entities to satisfy their Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) compliance. It includes the general background, need for, objectives, implementation and other key elements of the REC mechanism.
Presentation on the status of "Achievement Under National Solar Mission (NSM)" till July'17.
The key highlight being that 13,115 MW of solar projects have been commissioned. The presentation outlays of how "100 GW" of target shall be achieved based on various schemes under progress. Also last few slides focus on Off Grid Targets under NSM.
Making tariff rationalization for domestic consumers a winning proposition fo...AurovilleConsulting
This note explores the potential of State Government facilitated community solar energy programs for domestic consumers as a mitigation strategy for a rationalization of electricity tariffs.
Abt meter, Availability Tariff Availability Tariff, particularly in the Indian context, stands for a rational tariff structure for power supply from generating stations, on a contracted basis.
Umpp(ultra mega power plant and international bidding )Gurparvesh kaur
slide2-background With India being a country of chronic power deficits, the Government of India has planned to provide "power for all" by the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007–2012).
This would entail the creation of an additional capacity of at least 100,000 MW by 2012
Ultra Mega Power projects, each with a capacity of 4000 MW or above, are being developed with the aim of bridging this gap
Launched by Ministry of Power in 2005-06
slide3-Central government has taken the initiative under tariff based competitive bidding route using super critical technology on BOO basis
Central Electricity Authority is the technical partner & Power finance corporation is the nodal agency
Separate SPVs were provided for each project to undertake project development activities including bid process management
In addition to Ultra Mega thermal power Projects, Ministry of Power is also taking steps for bringing up large Hydro Projects and large size Transmission Projects on the fast track
slide4-role of ministry - Ministry of Power to be facilitator for coordination with concerned Ministries/ agencies and State Government for ensuring:
Coal block allotment for pithead projects
Environment/ forest clearances
Facilitate acquisition of land
Required support from State Govt. & its agencies
To facilitate proper payment security mechanism with State Govt./ State utilities
slide5-concept Setting up of large projects of 4000 MW at a single location: ensuring economies of scale
Award of projects to developer through tariff based competitive bidding : ensuring cheaper power
Utilization of super critical technology: ensuring higher efficiency and lower CO2 emissions
slide 7-PROVISION OF ELECTRICITY ACT, 2003
Provides that regulatory commissions shall adopt the tariff if it is determined through transparent process of bidding accordance with guidelines issued by central government
Aims at moving away from cost plus approach for tariff determination & expected to encourage private sector investment
slide8-national electricity policy-Aim of this policy is to supply reliable & quality power of specified standard in an efficient manner & at reasonable rates
Policy recognizes that competition will bring significant benefits to consumers
Policy stipulates that all efforts will need to bring the power industry as early as possible in the overall interest of consumers
slide9-Access to Electricity Available for all households in next five years.
Availability of Power Demand to be fully met by 2012.
Shortages to be overcome and spinning reserve to be available.
Per capita availability of electricity to be increased to over 1000 units by 2012.
Minimum lifeline consumption of 1 unit/ household/day as a merit good by year 2012.
Financial Turnaround and Commercial Viability of Electricity Sector
slide 10-electric tariff policy
slide11-20 international bidding comparison with national bidding
Auroville has been active in renewable energy generation since the early years, starting with windmills for water pumping and stand-alone solar PV systems with battery banks. In 2012 Auroville pioneered rooftop grid-connected solar energy by proposing to the Tamil Nadu Government that pilot projects may be undertaken in Auroville with grid-connectivity.
Korea's energy policies and cooperation opportunities between Australia and K...Yonki Hyungkeun PARK
"Korea's energy policies and cooperation opportunities between Australia and Korea"
- 40th Australia-Korea Business Council, Nov. 11-13, 2019
. A New Framework for Global Climate Action
. Korea’s Energy Master Plan
. Renewable Energy 3020
. Hydrogen Economy Roadmap
. Korea’s Future Energy Business Portfolio
. POSCO Group’s Energy Materials Portfolio
. POSCO Group’s Power & Gas Portfolio
. POSCO Group’s Hydrogen Portfolio
.Opportunities for Australia-Korea Business Cooperation
Gensol has carried out state-wise comparative analysis for forecasting, scheduling and deviation settlement mechanism (DSM) of Solar & Wind projects. There has been huge requirement to facilitate large-scale RE integration with grid while maintaining grid stability and security as envisaged under the Grid Code.Following points are highlighted in this presentation:
1) Responsibility & Requirements
2) Available Capacity & Tolerance Band
3) Deviation Settlement Mechanism (DSM)
4) Metering, Energy & Deviation Accounting etc (Click here)
Gensol has summarised the tender issued by SECI for 2.5GW Wind Solar Hybrid ISTS projects.
The document covers major commercial & technical guidelines provided in the tender.
The presentation throws light on the commercial aspects of developing a solar project in Maharashtra with a view to supply power to a third party through open access.
Specifically, it probes into the spectrum of open access charges that are applicable while the generated power traverses through the state transmission and local distribution grid, starting from the plant end to the consumer end.
The largest tender by Solar Energy Corporation of India for Floating Solar for 150 MW is up for bidding.
The document is a summary of the tender document and covers the commercial & technical guidelines provided in the tender.
Gensol has presented quicks highlights of 1200MW Renewable Energy Tender with assured Peak Power Supply in terms of eligibility criteria, bidders obligations, project capacity (MW), generation criteria, various guarantees, project tariff rate (Rs/kWh) and many more. It's interesting to highlight that SECI has issued tender with no cap in tariff at the same assured peak power supply.
Solar Parks are becoming increasingly popular & MNRE is leaving no stone unturned to make them a success.
The ppt mentions the nuts & bolts of the Solar Park Scheme of MNRE.
Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) MechanismKranav Sharma
This presentation provides a proper introduction to the Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) mechanism in India; a possible tool for obligated entities to satisfy their Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) compliance. It includes the general background, need for, objectives, implementation and other key elements of the REC mechanism.
Presentation on the status of "Achievement Under National Solar Mission (NSM)" till July'17.
The key highlight being that 13,115 MW of solar projects have been commissioned. The presentation outlays of how "100 GW" of target shall be achieved based on various schemes under progress. Also last few slides focus on Off Grid Targets under NSM.
Making tariff rationalization for domestic consumers a winning proposition fo...AurovilleConsulting
This note explores the potential of State Government facilitated community solar energy programs for domestic consumers as a mitigation strategy for a rationalization of electricity tariffs.
Abt meter, Availability Tariff Availability Tariff, particularly in the Indian context, stands for a rational tariff structure for power supply from generating stations, on a contracted basis.
Umpp(ultra mega power plant and international bidding )Gurparvesh kaur
slide2-background With India being a country of chronic power deficits, the Government of India has planned to provide "power for all" by the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007–2012).
This would entail the creation of an additional capacity of at least 100,000 MW by 2012
Ultra Mega Power projects, each with a capacity of 4000 MW or above, are being developed with the aim of bridging this gap
Launched by Ministry of Power in 2005-06
slide3-Central government has taken the initiative under tariff based competitive bidding route using super critical technology on BOO basis
Central Electricity Authority is the technical partner & Power finance corporation is the nodal agency
Separate SPVs were provided for each project to undertake project development activities including bid process management
In addition to Ultra Mega thermal power Projects, Ministry of Power is also taking steps for bringing up large Hydro Projects and large size Transmission Projects on the fast track
slide4-role of ministry - Ministry of Power to be facilitator for coordination with concerned Ministries/ agencies and State Government for ensuring:
Coal block allotment for pithead projects
Environment/ forest clearances
Facilitate acquisition of land
Required support from State Govt. & its agencies
To facilitate proper payment security mechanism with State Govt./ State utilities
slide5-concept Setting up of large projects of 4000 MW at a single location: ensuring economies of scale
Award of projects to developer through tariff based competitive bidding : ensuring cheaper power
Utilization of super critical technology: ensuring higher efficiency and lower CO2 emissions
slide 7-PROVISION OF ELECTRICITY ACT, 2003
Provides that regulatory commissions shall adopt the tariff if it is determined through transparent process of bidding accordance with guidelines issued by central government
Aims at moving away from cost plus approach for tariff determination & expected to encourage private sector investment
slide8-national electricity policy-Aim of this policy is to supply reliable & quality power of specified standard in an efficient manner & at reasonable rates
Policy recognizes that competition will bring significant benefits to consumers
Policy stipulates that all efforts will need to bring the power industry as early as possible in the overall interest of consumers
slide9-Access to Electricity Available for all households in next five years.
Availability of Power Demand to be fully met by 2012.
Shortages to be overcome and spinning reserve to be available.
Per capita availability of electricity to be increased to over 1000 units by 2012.
Minimum lifeline consumption of 1 unit/ household/day as a merit good by year 2012.
Financial Turnaround and Commercial Viability of Electricity Sector
slide 10-electric tariff policy
slide11-20 international bidding comparison with national bidding
Auroville has been active in renewable energy generation since the early years, starting with windmills for water pumping and stand-alone solar PV systems with battery banks. In 2012 Auroville pioneered rooftop grid-connected solar energy by proposing to the Tamil Nadu Government that pilot projects may be undertaken in Auroville with grid-connectivity.
Korea's energy policies and cooperation opportunities between Australia and K...Yonki Hyungkeun PARK
"Korea's energy policies and cooperation opportunities between Australia and Korea"
- 40th Australia-Korea Business Council, Nov. 11-13, 2019
. A New Framework for Global Climate Action
. Korea’s Energy Master Plan
. Renewable Energy 3020
. Hydrogen Economy Roadmap
. Korea’s Future Energy Business Portfolio
. POSCO Group’s Energy Materials Portfolio
. POSCO Group’s Power & Gas Portfolio
. POSCO Group’s Hydrogen Portfolio
.Opportunities for Australia-Korea Business Cooperation
About the Power Energy Industry in India. This ppt consists of history,timeline,Market SIze,Geographical Distribution of Power Sector, Sources of power with shares in installed capacity,Import export,Comparative analysis,Product and technology,Porter's five forces model, Trends of cost and ouput,Protection of environment,R&D intensity, Opportunities & threats in Energy-power generation sector in India
Inverted Energy: Energy Storage Case Study Inverted2019
We built Inverted Energy to be a facilitator in the global shift towards future mobility and energy storage.
With a mission to accelerate the world's transition to sustainable energy, we have developed commercially advanced clean energy technologies, promotion sustainability by working with organisations in building energy storage projects with innovative technologies to move India forward.
We aim to democratise energy access through innovation in energy storage technology. #GoBeyond the Ordinary
Offshore Wind Energy – Potential for India
This presentation analyze energy demand scenario, especially that of almost unlimited wind energy and highlight vast potential of offshore wind energy for India in territorial water along its long coastline. Challenges to exploit this potential, financial viability of such offshore energy projects, social, environmental, and other related issues are discussed in Indian context to serve as a useful tool for policymakers to allocate resources for detailed studies for estimation and its ultimate utilization to add to growing pool of renewable energy
Beginning from understanding the need to shift from conventional energy sources to Renewable Energy Sources (RES), the presentation talks about various technical and economic challenges faced in the process of increasing its penetration into the grid. The later half of the presentation describes various solar policies both at National (JNNSM) and State levels in India with emphasis on Gujarat and Karnataka state solar policies.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
2. Power Scenario : India
» India, for electricity generation is fifth in the world with
185496.62 MW installed capacity, and third largest for
transmission & distribution network. However, increasing
infrastructure activities, growing population and the rising
needs of a rapidly growing consumer base has led to
situation where the supply of energy falls short of the
demand. We face a peck shortage of almost 12% and an
average shortage of 9 to 10%.
3. Per Capita Consumption
» The per capita consumption (gross electrical energy
availability per population) in India is merely 681
units, against World Average of about 2596 unit. Per capita
consumption is highest in Canada (17179 Kwh) followed by
USA (13338 Kwh) & Australia (11126 Kwh). If we target to
meet the world average, we need to increase our capacity by
more than 4 times, i.e. by 850,000 MW.
» This means India deserves to be one of the most attractive
investment destinations for power in the world. May be in
that perspective out of fortune 500 companies, around 200
have set up there base in India.
4. Targets : Capacity Addition
» There is track record in world history that India is
maintaining its natural environment while contributing for
the development and welfare of the human kind. So while
achieving 9% GDP growth, Govt. of India has adopted and
also pursuing a Low Carbon Growth Strategy for the Indian
Power Sector. Accordingly 78,700 MW capacity addition is
targeted for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12) and 82,200
MW capacity addition for the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17) as
recommended by working group committee.
5. Low Carbon Growth Strategy
» Amongst the many elements of Low Carbon Growth
Strategy, adoption of super critical technology in thermal
power plants, rapid induction of clean coal
technology, sharper focus on generation from
wind, solar, biomass & hydro etc, reforestation plan, fly ash
utilization plan, clean development mechanism (CDM) and
introduction of ISO 14001 are the main. For reducing the CO2
emission from new coal fired capacity, it is envisaged that
more than 50-60% of capacity addition of thermal plants
during 11th & 12th Five Year Plans period would be based on
super critical technology keeping proper fuel mixture to
6. Low Carbon Growth Strategy
» Supercritical and ultra-supercritical plants can achieve
efficiencies of ~ 40 and ~ 45% respectively, compared to
about 35% achieved by subcritical plants. For every 1 % rise
in efficiency, there is a 2% decrease in CO2 release.
Besides, there is a substantial reduction in NOx emissions.
» International major like Mitsubishi, Toshiba, Hitachi, Alstom
and Ansaldo have already started the process of partnering
with Indian companies to set up super critical technology
based manufacturing facilities in India.
7. Nuclear Power Program
» To achieve the capacity addition target while following Low
Carbon Growth Strategy, Govt. of India has launched
flourishing & largely indigenous nuclear power program to
have 20,000 MW nuclear capacities by 2020 and to supply
25% of electricity from nuclear power by 2050.
8. Clean Coal Technology
» Gasification is the first step towards a clean coal technology:
Carbon to capture from the syn-gas produced and
sequestered in the mine or pump back in oil or gas fields to
enhance oil or gas recovery. In-situ coal gasification with or
without carbon sequestration could be eligible for carbon
credit. ONGC trials to establish the feasibility & economics of
in situ gasification technology for Indian coal & lignite in
collaboration with Russia. Neyveli has tied up with an
Australian Group to pursue in-situ gasification of Lignite.
However, in-situ gasification has not been deployed
commercially anywhere in the world.
9. Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
» Under the Low Carbon Growth Strategy Govt. of India has
launched Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission to create
a capacity of over 20,000 MW based on solar energy by the
pear 2020 with the target of setting up 1,000 MW grid
connected (33 KV and above) solar plants, 100 MW of roof
top and small solar plants connected to LT/11 KV grid, 200
MW capacity equivalent off grid solar applications and 7
million sq. meters of solar thermal collector area during the
first phase till March, 2013.
10. Renewable Energy Sources : Potential
» National Electricity Policy envisages “Power for all by 2012”
and per capita availability of power to be increased to over
1,000 units by 2011-12. Our country has significant potential
for generation of power from Non- Conventional Energy
Sources such as Wind, Small Hydro, Bio mass and Solar
Energy. The total estimated medium-term potential (2032)
for power generation from renewable energy sources such
as wind, small hydro, solar, waste to energy and biomass in
the country is about 1,83,000 MW.
11. Renewable Energy Sources : Potential
Estimated Mid-Term (2032) Potential
Sources / Systems MW
Wind Power 45000
Bio Power (Agro Residues & Plantations) 61000
Co-generation Baggasse 5000
Small Hydro (Up to 25 MW) 15000
Waste to Energy 7000
Solar Photovoltaic 50000
Total 183000
12. Renewable Energy Sources : Optimization
» In June 2008 Hon’ble Prime Minister of India announced National
Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC) to outline its strategy
to meet the challenge of Climate Change. NAPCC envisages several
measures to address global warming. One of the measure is
increasing the share of renewable energy in total electricity
consumption in the country.
» The National Action Plan of Climate Change (NAPCC) has set the
target of 5% renewable energy purchase for FY 2009-10 which
will increase by 1% for next 10 years. The NAPCC further
recommends strong regulatory measures to fulfill these targets.
13. REC : The Concept
» The NAPCC provided a roadmap for increasing the share of
renewable in the total generation capacity in the
country, but there are constraints in terms of availability of
RE sources evenly across different parts of the country.
» The concept of Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) assumes
significance to address the mismatch between availability of
RE sources and the requirement of the obligated entities to
meet their renewable purchase obligation.
14. REC : The Concept
» REC would be exchanged within the forbearance price and
floor price. The forbearance and floor price would be
determined by CERC in consultation with Central agency and
FOR from time to time.
» In case of default SERC may direct obligated entity to deposit
into a separate fund to purchase the shortfall of REC at
forbearance price.
» However, in case of genuine difficulty in complying with the
renewable purchase obligation because of non-availability of
certificates, the obligated entity can approach the
Commission for carry forward of compliance requirement to
the next year.
15. Regulatory Commission : Role
» The Electricity Act, 2003 entrusts on the appropriate
commission the responsibility of promotion of co-generation
and generation based on renewable energy sources.
“86. (1) The State Commission shall discharge the following
functions, namely: -
» (a) …….
» (e) promote cogeneration and generation of electricity from
renewable sources of energy by providing suitable measures
for connectivity with the grid and sale of electricity to any
person, and also specify, for purchase of electricity from
such sources, a percentage of the total consumption of
electricity in the area of a distribution licensee;
» (f) ………”
16. RPO : Quantum of purchase
Year Total Wind Solar
» Against the
% MW MW
2010-11 5% 20000 1000 requirement of REC
2011-12 6% 22000 2000 Certificate of 20000
2012-13 7% 24500 4500 MW from Wind and
2013-14 8% 26500 6500
2000 MW from Solar
2014-15 9% 29000 9000
2015-16 10% 31000 11000 Projects, the available
2016-17 11% 33500 13500 is 14158 MW from
2017-18 12% 35500 15500 Wind and only 183
2018-19 13% 37500 17500
2019-20 14% 40000 20000 MW from Solar.
17. REC : Forbearance and Floor Price
» Under section 66 and 178 of the Electricity Act, 2003 the
CERC has notified the Terms and Conditions for recognition
and issuance of Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) for
Renewable Energy Generation Regulations, 2010
Period : Non Solar REC Solar REC
1st June 2010 – 31st March 2012 Rs/MWh Rs/MWh
Forbearance Price 3900 17000
Floor Price 1500 12000
1st April 2012 – 31st March 2017
Forbearance Price 3300 13400
Floor Price 1500 9300
18. Sensitivity Analysis: Revenue Realization
Scenario REC Rate Period of For Exchange For DISCOM’s
REC Average Sale Average
Rs./ Kwh Years Rate: Purchase
Rs.3.5/ Kwh Cost:
Rs.2.7/ Kwh
1 Floor Price 5 8.437 7.430
2 9.30 10 9.647 8.640
3 15 9.886 9.433
4 Mean Price 5 9.326 8.318
5 11.35 10 10.802 9.795
6 15 11.628 11.175
7 Forbearance 5 10.214 9.207
8 Price 10 11.958 10.950
9 13.40 15 13.370 12.917
19. Finance for Solar Project:
» Investments from NGO,REC India, Green Energy funds
» Export-Import Bank
» Approved $75 million for four solar projects in India
» a $16 million, 16.5 - year loan to Azure Power Rajasthan
Pvt. Ltd. for 5 MW
» a $9.2 million, 18 - year loan to Punj Lloyd Solar Power
Ltd. for 5 MW
» $500 million for solar projects in the pipeline that will
generate an estimated 315 MW of solar power.
» European Investment Bank (EIB) has granted a EUR 200
million loan to ICICI Bank for renewable energy projects
supporting climate change mitigation under the EUR 4.5bn
Energy Sustainability and Security of Supply Facility (ESF).