Energy Resources

1. Energy 1:
Resources
ppt. by Robin D. Seamon
1

2. WHAT IS ENERGY?
energy- ability to do work
potential energy- stored energy
kinetic energy- energy in motion
Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy is neither
created nor destroyed, it merely changes form
VIDEO NEEDS
DOWNLOADED:
A guide to the
Energy of Earth

3. Nonrenewable resource- an energy source that
cannot be readily replaced naturally in
comparison to its consumption
Renewable resource- an energy source that
can be reused or readily replaced naturally
3
VIDEO: How we make and use Energy

4. FIRE Chinese
use coal
Europeans
use
hydropower
Persians use
wind E
Coal-
burning
engines

5. Water pumps
to extract
more coal
US Natural
Gas well
Electric
motor US oil well
France- solar
energy
AC/DC
system

6. Geothermal
Energy US
**Saudi
Arabian Oil
discovered
USSR,
Poland:
nuclear E
US oil
production
declines; Saudi
Arabia drives
up prices3-mile Island
Nuclear
accident, PA
Global oil
production
peaks
VIDEO: 300 years of fossil
fuels in 300 seconds
NEEDS DOWNLOAD

7. OUR ENERGY FOUNDATION TODAY
ELECTRICITY: Coal
TRANSPORTATION: petroleum (gas)
VIDEO: Our Energy Foundation
VIDEO: Energy Choices

8. Most of energy in US is to make electricity
Generator: converts mechanical energy into
electrical energy
• Turn a magnet surrounded by a copper wire
• Creates an electromagnetic field which aligns
the electrons into a
current of electrons
moving in one direction:
electricity
VIDEO: What is Electricity
E L E C T R I C I T Y
8
What is Electricity?

9. HOW TO MOVE THE MAGNET- turbine?
• Steam moves in one direction and can spin the
turbine
• So, boiling water is a widely used method
9

10. HOW TO BOIL THE WATER?
• Biomass: Burn wood
• Burn fossil fuels
• Nuclear reactions
10VIDEO: How Electricity is Made

11. ELECTRICITY
Activities LINK
VIDEO: The Electric Grid
VIDEO: How Batteries Work

12. Fossil Fuels:
resource from ancient,
buried Carbon-
burning coal, oil &
natural gas
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE
We burn it to boil
water in electricity
production:
-Steam
-turbine
-generator
-electricity 12

13. 13
• As climate changed 350mya, Carboniferous
forests died, leaving the un-decomposed trees to
be buried
• 50 million years of accumulated plant matter
became buried
• Pressure & heat turned it into…
COAL
fossil fuels: coal, oil,
and natural gas from
this time period that
are mined for Energy
+ -
lots of energy
produced
when it is
burned
Polluting &
Non-
renewable

14. Hydrocarbon:
containing Carbon &
Hydrogen
Coal: 90% Carbon,
4% hydrogen, 3% oxygen,
1% sulfur
When burned, these elements combine with
oxygen in the atmosphere to form pollutants:
• Carbon dioxide
• Sulfur dioxide
• Nitrogen oxides
• Fine black particles of soot
• …. Acid rain & smog

15. FOSSIL FUELS: COAL
VIDEO: What is Coal?
Strip mining- carving away horizontal beds of coal
deposits close to the surface
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE

16. FOSSIL FUELS: COAL
Mountaintop removal- uses machines & explosives
to expose seams of coal underneath entire
mountaintops
Hobet Mine, West
Virginia slideshow

17. FOSSIL FUELS: COAL
Subsurface Mining- underground; removes coal
through deep tunnels & shafts using machines &
conveyor belts
• Coal dust from explosives

18. FOSSIL FUELS: COAL
Coal Ash- when coal is burned, the resultant ash is
held in water ponds or buried
• When mixed with water, this coal ash has toxins
& heavy metals: arsenic, cadmium, chromium,
lead, mercury, radioactive radium
• 70-80% is buried in landfills
• 30-20% is used for concrete, asphalt, etc

19. FOSSIL FUELS: COAL
VIDEO: Clean Coal
Coal ash spills-
Dan River Spill; 2014
tributary to the Yadkin;
Duke Poweer spilled
tons coal ash in
the river
Coal Ash: Black Lung Disease- build up of coal dust
over time in miners’ lungs

20. FOSSIL FUELS: OIL
VIDEO How Oil is Made
Similar chemistry
to coal
Oil refinery: Oil is
heated to
separate into
specific fuels
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE

21. FOSSIL FUELS: OIL
VIDEO Drilling for Oil
Oil well is dug, crude oil is sent to oil refineries to
be made into specific fuels

22. FOSSIL FUELS: OIL
Oil fields line up with ancient shallow seas
• Majority of oil fields today in Middle Eastern
countries
• US: Alaska, Texas
• Oil pipeline- transports oil over great distances
Alaskan pipeline
CONCERNS:
-Spills & groundwater
contamination
-habitat fragmentation

23. FOSSIL FUELS: OIL
Oil platforms- oil rigs that drill into the ocean
floor
• Deepwater Horizons Oil Spill, Gulf of Mexico
April 2010 spilled 4.9 million barrels into the
Gulf over a 5 month period
VIDEO: Timeline of Horizon
Oil Spill

24. Worldwide Oil Exports
VIDEO Unconventional Sources of Oil

25. VIDEO Oil & Transportation Alternatives
Of the fossil fuels, oil has been the most quickly
depleted
US
reached
its peak oil
productio
n in 1970

26. FOSSIL FUELS: NATURAL GAS
VDEO What is Natural Gas
VIDEO: Uses of Natural Gas
• Burning of fossil fuel gas
• Only pollution is carbon dioxide & water vapor
• Found where most petroleum is found, lighter
on top
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE

27. FOSSIL FUELS: NATURAL GAS- FRACKING
from SWITCH ENERGY PROJECT
VIDEO Benefits of Fracking
VDEO Risks of Fracking: Water
VIDEO Risks of Fracking: Methane
hydraulic fracturing
(fracking)
fracking: a method of oil &
natural gas extraction by
injecting water, sand &
chemicals into
sedimentary shale rock at
high pressure to ‘fracture’
or break the rock in order
to release the natural gas
bubbles
VIDEO: What is fracking? (5 min )

29. 29

30. PROS +
+ Natural gas used in
stoves, furnaces,
water heaters,
clothes dryers,
appliances,
electrical power
plants
+ produces lots of E
+ already have a
system of using it
worldwide
CONS -
⁻ nonrenewable
⁻ Pollution to air
⁻ Coal damages land
& pollutes water
⁻ Supplies limited
⁻ Drilling for oil
damages &
pollutes
⁻ Adds carbon
dioxide to global
warming equation
RESOURCE: FOSSIL FUELS
30

31. NUCLEAR: energy that comes from changes in the
nucleus of an atom
•Fission break apart
nucleus of an atom
(power plants)
•Fusion fusing together
two nuclei of atoms (sun)
100,000,000°C:
H joins to form He
31
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE

32. ATOMS
nucleus- center of an atom
proton- subatomic particle within the nucleus of an
atom having a positive charge; number of which
gives an element its identity
electron- subatomic particle of negative energy
surrounding the nucleus in shells
neutron- subatomic particle with no charge within
the nucleus of an atom (helps with nucleus stability)

33. Nuclear Fuels: splits radioactive atoms of
Uranium & Plutonium to produce
heat --> steam --> energy
33
Steam

34. Uranium Pellet
Stored nuclear fuel rods
12-foot-long fuel rod full of uranium pellet,
lasts about six years in a reactor
spent rods: fuel rods have to be cooled in
water for anywhere between five to 10 years
before they’re safe enough to be taken out of
these pools and put into dry cast storage.

35. The power of nuclear…
Nuclear bomb:
• Uranium -235 has a very large nucleus which
when hit with a high-speed neutron , will split it
• In WWII two atomic bombs were dropped on
Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japan, ending the war
• Intense heat & radiation
• Nuclear fallout- dust & ash
Radiation poison- causes immediate effects on
human tissue & reproductive genes
• 200-300 rems: nausea & vomiting
• 400-600 rems: 50% mortality rate
• 600-1000 rems: death

37. The power of nuclear…
Atoms for Peace- 1953
• Under Eisenhower administration, equipment &
technology were provided for the study of
peaceful uses of the technology

38. The power of nuclear…
Nuclear Accidents
Three Mile Island, Middleton PA – 1979
• partial meltdown due to a relief valve not
closing, allowing the cooling water to evaporate
• No major leak to the environment occurred

39. Chernobyl, Ukraine (formerly Soviet Union)- 1986
• Explosion ripped apart containment building
during a test, spreading radioactive fallout
throughout the area & atmosphere
• Design flaws
• Evacuation; 30 km radius
around the plant is still
considered an exclusion
zone: no people can live
here
VIDEO: Chernobyl 3 min NEEDS
DOWNLOAD

40. Fukushima- Japan, March 2011
• Following a massive earthquake and tsunami,
generators powering the cooling pumps were
flooded
• Meltdown occurred & contaminated water
leaked into the Pacific Ocean
• Top predators
like Bluefin tuna
have tested
positive for
small amounts
of radioactive
fallout VIDEO: Fukushima 5 years later (7 min) NEEDS
DOWNLOAD

41. PROS +
+ No air pollution
+ Lots of Energy is
released
CONS -
⁻ Non-renewable
⁻ Produces radioactive
waste that must be
safely stored for long
time
⁻ Nuclear accident
could release
radioactive materials
into environment
(Chernobyl, 3-mile
Island, Fukushima)
RESOURCE: NUCLEAR ENERGY
u41
VIDEO: How Nuclear Works
VIDEO Nuclear Risks, Potential Solutions

42. SOLAR
Used for HEAT or ENERGY
•solar cells hold water or
silicon, sun/light heats it
(= hot water/spaces or
electric charge from
heated silicon molecule)
RENEWABLE RESOURCE
At Night: solar batteries
store E
42

43. photovoltaic solar- solar cells absorb raw energy
from the sun and use it to create electricity
thermal solar- solar cells They absorb raw
energy from the sun and use it to heat water or
air

44. PROS +
+ Renewable- lots of it
+ Free
+ No air pollution
+ No environmental
pollution
CONS -
⁻ Can’t produce
electricity at night so
must be stored in
solar batteries
⁻ Expensive right now
RESOURCE: SOLAR ENERGY
44
VIDEO How Solar Works

45. HYDROPOWER
Dams built to control water flow of rivers
Water rushes down through tubes inside dam.
Moving water drives electrical generators built
inside the dam
RENEWABLE RESOURCE
45

46. PROS +
+ Renewable- lots of it
+ Free
+ No air pollution
+ No environmental
pollution
CONS -
⁻ Can’t be used
everywhere; need
large river
⁻ Making a dam
requires building of
reservoir (man-made
lake)
RESOURCE: HYDROPOWER
46
VIDEO How Hydro Works

47. WIND: using the wind to turn turbines for
energy
RENEWABLE RESOURCE
47

48. PROS +
+ Renewable- lots of it
+ Free
+ No air pollution
+ No environmental
pollution
CONS -
⁻ Need a reliably windy
place
⁻ Turbines are noisy
⁻ Birds and bats have
been killed
RESOURCE: WIND ENERGY
48
VIDEO Making Wind Work

49. BIOMASS
organic matter is
burned to release
Energy
Burning wood;
captured methane;
municipal waste;
agricultural residue;
ethanol- made from
fermenting crops like
corn; added to gasoline
RENEWABLE RESOURCE
49

50. PROS +
+ Gets rid of a waste
+ Reduces amount of
gasoline being used
CONS -
⁻ Releases carbon
dioxide
⁻ Could affect food
availability since it’s
made from crops
⁻ Clearing trees to grow
corn: rainforest
RESOURCE: BIOMASS
50
VIDEO Biofuels Basics
VIDEO Biomass Pros & Cons

51. GEOTHERMAL: using heat from inside the
earth to warm
water --> steam --> energy
(radioactive decay of uranium= heat)
RENEWABLE RESOURCE
Iceland
51

52. PROS +
+ Renewable- lots of it
+ Free
+ No air pollution
+ Natural hot
springs/geysers
CONS -
⁻ Need to be located
over volcanically
active ground
RESOURCE: GEOTHEMAL ENERGY
52
VIDEO Geothermal Options

53. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Video: Environmental Impacts
Video: Scale
Video: Efficiency

54. ENERGY CONSUMPTION
85% of commercial Energy in the world: fossil fuels
7% Wind, solar, hydroelectric
8% Nuclear power
• Richest 20 countries consume nearly 80% of
natural gas, 65% oil, 50% of coal produced each
year
• Environmental & human costs of fossil fuel
extraction & use ultimately lies with those who
use them most

56. The World Bank : Kilograms of oil equivalent (2011)

58. 58
Why is it important?
Sustainability- avoidance of the depletion
of natural resources in order to maintain an
ecological balance.
• conservation- preserving, protecting,
restoring
• stewardship- job of taking care of
something
VIDEO: Can 100% Renewable power the world?
NEEDS DOWNLOAD NEEDS DOWNLOAD

59. LAB ENERGY PRO’s & CON’s
List the advantages & disadvantages of the
following sources of Energy.
ENERGY TYPE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
Fossil fuels
nuclear
solar
water
Wind
Geothermal
Biomass 59