This document discusses employment, unemployment, and government measures related to employment in India. It defines formal and informal employment sectors and notes that India has experienced rising informalization and casualization of labor. Unemployment rates are estimated for different time periods. Causes of unemployment include faulty employment planning, population growth outpacing job growth, and an emphasis on capital-intensive projects. The government has implemented measures like NREGA to promote rural employment and alleviate poverty.

3.  Introduction
& meaning of employment and
worker
 Nature of employment
 Informalisation of Indian workforce
 Employment in formal sector
 Employment in informal sector
 Meaning of unemployment and
underemployment
 Estimates and causes of unemployment in
india
 Measures for the solution of unemployment
problem
 Govt measures for promoting employment

5. SEX
TOTAL
RURAL
URBAN
MEN
50.3
48.8
51.9
WOMEN
17.6
21.6
13.3
TOTAL
33.8
35.2
32.3

6. 60
50
40
TOTAL
RURAL
URBAN
30
20
10
0
MEN
WOMEN

7.  It
is a situation in which a person goes
for work for a fixed period of time for a
particular and gets salary in return

8. Seasonal employment
Disguished employment

9.  Nature
of employment in india is
multi faceted.
 Some gets employment throughout
the year.
 Some are employed for only a few
months a year.
 Many workers do not get the fair
wages.

11. YEAR
SELF
EMPLOYED
REGULAR
CASUAL
EMPLOYEES
LABOURERS
1972-1973
61.4
15.4
23.2
1993-1994
54.6
13.6
31.2
1999-2000
52.6
14.6
32.8

12. 70
60
50
40
SELF EMPLOYED
30
REGULAR
20
CASUAL
LABORERS
10
0

13. Formal /
organised
Sector
Informal
/unorganised
sector

14.  Do
not get regular income.
 Do not have protection from the govt.
 Workers are dismissed without any
compensation.
 Workers of this sector mainly lives in slum
areas .

15.  Follows
labour laws (protect the rights of
workers)
 Having fixed working hours
 Fixed salary
 Workforce from trade unions
 Medical leaves
 Future security
 Skills are required

16. DISTRIBUTION OF WORKFORCE BY INDUSTRY
1999-2000
INDUSTRIAL
RURAL
URBAN
MALE
FEMALE
PRIMARY
SECTOR
76.6
9.6
53.8
75.1
INDUSTRIAL
SECTOR
10.8
31.3
17.6
11.8
SERVICE
SECTOR
12.5
59.1
28.6
13.1
TOTAL
100
100
100
100
CATEGORY

17. 100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
FEMALE
MALE
URBAN
RURAL

18. Casualisation refers to a situation when the
percentage of casually-hired workers in the
total workforce tends to rise over time
Informalisation refers to a situation when
people tend to find employment more in
informal sector of the economy, and less in
formal sector of the economy.

19. UNEMPLOYMENT
Unemployment refers to a situation
where all able and willing persons may not
find jobs or activities to provide them with
means of living.

20. 1992-97
8TH PLAN
EMPLOYMEN
T
1997-2000
9TH PLAN
2002-07
10TH PLAN
2007-12
11TH PLAN
23.3
34
35.5
35.0
8th plan
9th paln
10th paln
11th plan

21. Causes of Unemployment :
1.Faulty employment planning.
2.Emphasies on capital intensive
projects.
3.Excessive use of foreign
technology.
4.Lack of financial resources.
5.Slow growth process of the
country.
6.Increase in labour force with rise
in population.

22. RURAL
EMPLOYMENT
URBAN
EMPLOYMENT

23. A. Rural Unemployment- It can be
open unemployment, seasonal
unemployment or disguised
unemployment.
B. Urban Unemployment-It can
be industrial unemployment
, educated unemployment or
technological unemployment .

24. Adverse Effects of Unemployment:
1.Rise in poverty.
2.Unemployment is depressing.
3.Loss of human resources.
4.Social unrest.
Measures to Solve Unemployment
Problem:
1.Population Control.
2.Reforms in education policy.
3.Diversification of Farm Activities.
4.Rapid Industrialisation.

25. NREGA(National
Rural Employment
Guarantee Act ) is
a new scheme
implemented by the
government to
provide employment
to people living
below poverty line.

26.  This
act was introduced with an aim
of providing 100 days assured
employment to the people below
the poverty line.
 Around one-third of the stipulated
work force is women. The law was
initially called the National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)
but was renamed on 2 October 2009