unemployment types causes solutions

2. Unemployment
Unemployment mean a situation
in which people are willing to
work, at the existing rate of wage,
but they do not get work.

3. Types of Unemployment
Frictional Unemployment: it arises due to market
imperfections. (temporary nature)
Structural Unemployment: due to technological changes or
change in the demand pattern of goods.
Open unemployment: it means the person does not get
employment at all during the year.
Under-employment: person get employment for a few months or
a person works at a job that is below his qualification.
Disguised unemployment: it refers to a state in which more
people are engaged in a given job than are really needed.

4. Types of Unemployment
Seasonal unemployment: it means a person is employed in a
particular season and is unemployment in another season.
Educated unemployment: when educated people do not get job
according to their educational standard it is called educated unemployment.
Cyclical unemployment: the increased unemployment caused
due to cyclical movements is called cyclical unemployment.
Industrial unemployment: with the rapid growth of population
and urbanisation, more people seek employment in industries.

5. Nature of Unemployment In India
Urban
Industrial
Unemployment
Educated
Unemployment
Rural
Seasonal
Unemployment
Disguised
Unemployment

6. Reasons
• Rapid Population Growth
• Changing Technology
• Demand For Highly Skilled Labour
• Global Competition
• Illiteracy

7. Reasons
• Mechanisation
• Decline in cottage & small industries
• Agriculture, a seasonal industry
• Defective education system
• Lack of national employment policy

8. Reasons
• Less saving and investment
• Slow economic growth
• Immobility of labour
• Temporary & migratory nature of labour
• Increasing participation of females

9. Effects
Social Level
Civil
Unrest
Law & Order
Problems
Individual
Level
Mental
Stress
Loss of Self
Esteem
Direct Linked
To Poverty
Unemployment

10. Possible Solutions For Unemployment
• Check on population
• National employment policy
• Strengthening information technology sector
• Promoting rural non-farm activities

11. Possible Solutions For Unemployment
• Improve Awareness of Available Jobs
• Encourage People To Take Different Jobs in Their
Off Seasons
• More industrialisation
• Promotion of exports

12. Possible Solutions For Unemployment
• High rate of capital formation
• More help to self-employed persons
• Change in the education system
• Change in industrial technique

13. Possible Solutions For Unemployment
• Encouragement to small & cottage industries
• Growth in personal services
• Generate employment opportunities

14. Govt. Policies ToReduce Unemployment
•Swaranjayanti gram swarozgar yojana (SGSY) : launched in
April 1999. Aim: establishing a large number of small enterprises
in the rural areas.
•Sampoorna grameen rozgar yojana (SGRY): launched in 1st sept.
2001. Aim: to provide opportunity of employment to surplus
labour, to provide food security, dev. basic infrastructure & dev.
of community, social assets & economic assets.
•Micro, small and medium enterprises
•Development of organised sector
•Employment in foreign countries
•Prime minister rozgar yojana (PMRY): to provide self-
employment to educated youth by setting micro enterprises.
•National urban livelihood mission (NULM)
•National food for work prog.

15. Govt. Policies ToReduce Unemployment
•Stress on labour-intensive sectors
•Development of information technology sector
•Employment opportunities for women
•Developing irrigation facilities
•Setting up special economic zones (SEZs)
•Employment guidance services
•Modernisation of employment exchange
•National policy on skill development
•Setting up MUDRA (micro units development refinance
agency) bank
•Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(MGNREGA): MGNREGA enacted in 2005. It provides at least
100 days of guaranteed wage-employment in every financial
year to the poor persons living in rural areas to at least one
adult member in every household.