Employment
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Size of workforce in india Why is bulk workforce in rural areas Jobless growth Casualisation Informalisation Difference between formal and informal workers Unemployment and types of unemployment Causes of unemployment in india?
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Presentation on Unemployment
The document defines unemployment as people of working age who are able and seeking work but unable to find full-time employment. It classifies unemployment into four types: frictional due to job transitions, structural from long-term industry changes, cyclical rising in recessions, and seasonal in certain periods of the year. The document discusses using fiscal and monetary policies as well as reducing taxes and improving education/training to control unemployment.
Rural unemployment
This document discusses rural unemployment in India. It defines unemployment and outlines unemployment rates in various countries. Rural unemployment is defined as able-bodied persons willing to work being unable to find employment. The main types of unemployment discussed are seasonal, structural, and disguised unemployment. The document then examines the causes of rural unemployment in India, including rapid population growth, pressure on agricultural land, and poverty. Finally, the consequences of rural unemployment are mentioned, such as wastage of human resources and increased pressure on scarce resources.
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Poverty remains one of India's greatest challenges. The chapter discusses poverty in India through case studies of impoverished families and its causes such as landlessness, unemployment, large family sizes, and lack of access to healthcare and education. It analyzes poverty using concepts like social exclusion and vulnerability. Official poverty lines are estimated based on minimum calorie requirements. While poverty has declined due to economic growth and government anti-poverty programs, wide disparities remain between states and social groups. Reducing poverty further will require continued high growth as well as better implementation of welfare schemes focused on health, education, employment, and gender equality.
Poverty as a challenge
1. Poverty is widespread in India, with roughly 260 million people living in poverty conditions.
2. Stories of Ram Saran and Lakha Singh illustrate the daily struggles of poverty, including low wages, lack of food and medical care, and children having to work.
3. Poverty is defined and measured in terms of low income and consumption levels, as well as lack of access to resources like clean water, sanitation, healthcare, education, and jobs. Social scientists also examine social exclusion and vulnerability to poverty.
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This document discusses poverty in India through several lenses. It begins by introducing different types of poor populations in India, such as landless laborers and daily wage workers. It then examines causes of poverty like landlessness, unemployment, family size, and illiteracy. The document also explores how social scientists define and measure poverty through indicators like income, health access, and employment opportunities. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of poverty in India by considering its social, economic, and political dimensions.
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The document discusses child labor in India, including its causes, relevant laws, and efforts to address it. Poverty, lack of schools, and growth of the informal economy have led to increased child labor in India. Several laws prohibit or regulate child labor, including banning employment under age 14 or in hazardous work. NGOs work to rescue children and provide education alternatives to reduce child labor.
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Unemployment is a major social issue in India, with 31 million jobless people according to a recent study. Unemployment in India can be broadly classified into rural unemployment, which includes seasonal and disguised unemployment, and urban unemployment, which includes industrial and educated unemployment. The causes of unemployment in India include population explosion, underdevelopment, inadequate employment planning, slow rate of growth in agriculture and industry, and the prevailing education system. Some remedies to reduce unemployment are increasing national wealth through industrialization, establishing more vocational training institutes, increasing investment in heavy industries, reviving small industries, modernizing agriculture, and encouraging self-employment.
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Presentation on Unemployment
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This document discusses rural unemployment in India. It defines unemployment and outlines unemployment rates in various countries. Rural unemployment is defined as able-bodied persons willing to work being unable to find employment. The main types of unemployment discussed are seasonal, structural, and disguised unemployment. The document then examines the causes of rural unemployment in India, including rapid population growth, pressure on agricultural land, and poverty. Finally, the consequences of rural unemployment are mentioned, such as wastage of human resources and increased pressure on scarce resources.
Poverty as a challenge
Poverty remains one of India's greatest challenges. The chapter discusses poverty in India through case studies of impoverished families and its causes such as landlessness, unemployment, large family sizes, and lack of access to healthcare and education. It analyzes poverty using concepts like social exclusion and vulnerability. Official poverty lines are estimated based on minimum calorie requirements. While poverty has declined due to economic growth and government anti-poverty programs, wide disparities remain between states and social groups. Reducing poverty further will require continued high growth as well as better implementation of welfare schemes focused on health, education, employment, and gender equality.
Poverty as a challenge
1. Poverty is widespread in India, with roughly 260 million people living in poverty conditions.
2. Stories of Ram Saran and Lakha Singh illustrate the daily struggles of poverty, including low wages, lack of food and medical care, and children having to work.
3. Poverty is defined and measured in terms of low income and consumption levels, as well as lack of access to resources like clean water, sanitation, healthcare, education, and jobs. Social scientists also examine social exclusion and vulnerability to poverty.
Poverty as challenge
This document discusses poverty in India through several lenses. It begins by introducing different types of poor populations in India, such as landless laborers and daily wage workers. It then examines causes of poverty like landlessness, unemployment, family size, and illiteracy. The document also explores how social scientists define and measure poverty through indicators like income, health access, and employment opportunities. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of poverty in India by considering its social, economic, and political dimensions.
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This document discusses poverty around the world and its causes and effects. It notes that poverty means lack of access to food, healthcare, education, and freedom. It then lists several factors that contribute to poverty in India, such as overpopulation, low agricultural productivity, corruption, and high population growth. Other global causes of poverty mentioned include rapid population growth, unemployment, inefficient industries and agriculture, economic recessions, and disability. The document concludes by recommending solutions like population control, self-employment, reducing corruption, improving education, increasing agricultural productivity, and developing a better economy.
PROBLEMS OF CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA
The document discusses child labor in India, including its causes, relevant laws, and efforts to address it. Poverty, lack of schools, and growth of the informal economy have led to increased child labor in India. Several laws prohibit or regulate child labor, including banning employment under age 14 or in hazardous work. NGOs work to rescue children and provide education alternatives to reduce child labor.
Unemployment in india
Unemployment is a major social issue in India, with 31 million jobless people according to a recent study. Unemployment in India can be broadly classified into rural unemployment, which includes seasonal and disguised unemployment, and urban unemployment, which includes industrial and educated unemployment. The causes of unemployment in India include population explosion, underdevelopment, inadequate employment planning, slow rate of growth in agriculture and industry, and the prevailing education system. Some remedies to reduce unemployment are increasing national wealth through industrialization, establishing more vocational training institutes, increasing investment in heavy industries, reviving small industries, modernizing agriculture, and encouraging self-employment.
causes of unemployment
The document discusses reasons why people work and the causes of unemployment. It states that people work primarily to meet their needs through pay, and that more responsible jobs provide greater rewards. It defines unemployment as people who are able, available and actively seeking work but not currently employed. Unemployment is measured as the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed. Some key causes of unemployment mentioned include a defective investment system, technological changes, poverty, defects in the education system, rapid population growth, inadequate agricultural development, slow economic growth, and lack of a national employment policy.
Chapter - 2, Sectors of the Indian Economy, Economics, Social Science, Class 10
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 2, Sectors of the Indian Economy, Economics, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
SECTORAL CLASSIFICATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
PRIMARY SECTOR
SECONDARY SECTOR
TERTIARY SECTOR
COMPARING THE THREE SECTORS
HOW TO CREATE MORE EMPLOYMENT?
NREGA 2005
DIVISION OF SECTORS ON THE BASIS OF ORGANISATION
ORGANIZED SECTOR
UNORGANIZED SECTOR
HOW TO PROTECT WORKERS IN THE UNORGANIZED SECTOR
SECTORS IN TERMS OF OWNERSHIP
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Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
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The document discusses unemployment, defining it as a situation where capable and willing workers cannot find employment. It outlines the main types of unemployment including frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal unemployment. Causes of unemployment mentioned include population growth, lack of opportunities, seasonal factors, and slow industry development. Costs are described at both individual and societal levels. Solutions proposed to address unemployment include changing investment patterns, supporting small businesses, and reorienting education policy.
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The document discusses various topics related to employment and workers in India including:
1) It defines different types of workers such as self-employed, hired, casual, and regular.
2) It provides statistics on the size and characteristics of India's workforce, such as 70% living in rural areas and most working in agriculture.
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Unemployment exists when willing workers cannot find jobs. India experiences seasonal unemployment in rural areas and educated unemployment in urban areas. Unemployment leads to wasted resources and lower quality of life.
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The document discusses reasons why people work and the causes of unemployment. It states that people work primarily to meet their needs through pay, and that more responsible jobs provide greater rewards. It defines unemployment as people who are able, available and actively seeking work but not currently employed. Unemployment is measured as the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed. Some key causes of unemployment mentioned include a defective investment system, technological changes, poverty, defects in the education system, rapid population growth, inadequate agricultural development, slow economic growth, and lack of a national employment policy.
Chapter - 2, Sectors of the Indian Economy, Economics, Social Science, Class 10
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 2, Sectors of the Indian Economy, Economics, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
SECTORAL CLASSIFICATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
PRIMARY SECTOR
SECONDARY SECTOR
TERTIARY SECTOR
COMPARING THE THREE SECTORS
HOW TO CREATE MORE EMPLOYMENT?
NREGA 2005
DIVISION OF SECTORS ON THE BASIS OF ORGANISATION
ORGANIZED SECTOR
UNORGANIZED SECTOR
HOW TO PROTECT WORKERS IN THE UNORGANIZED SECTOR
SECTORS IN TERMS OF OWNERSHIP
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Employment & Unemployment in India
The document discusses employment, unemployment, and policies related to employment in India. It notes that employment generation declined in the mid-1990s but increased in the late 1990s and 2000s. The majority of employment is in the primary sector, with decreasing shares in agriculture and increasing shares in secondary and tertiary sectors over time. Unemployment, both rural and urban, has increased over the decades. Causes of unemployment include slow economic growth, population growth, and inadequate employment planning. Measures to address unemployment and underemployment focus on high economic growth, increasing investment, rural development, rural industrialization, and education and skill development.
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Unemployment is a serious problem in India that is increasing with the country's large population of over 1.2 billion people. Many businesses are closing or downsizing due to changing economic conditions, leaving more people without jobs. While information technology has employed some youth, a large number remain unemployed. To solve this problem, India must slow population growth through family planning programs and education. The education system also needs reform to make students more skilled and self-sufficient rather than just seeking office jobs. Attitudes need to change so people are more willing to take risks through starting their own businesses rather than relying on the government. A multi-pronged effort is needed to address unemployment through population control, education, encouraging entrepreneurship and industry
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HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
Population, size & growth, class 9 cbse
The document discusses several key aspects of population studies in India:
(1) It describes how population is defined and why it is important to study characteristics like size, growth rates, density, and distribution. Nearly half of India's population lives in a few large states.
(2) The three main processes that influence population change/growth are birth rates, death rates, and migration within India from rural to urban areas.
(3) Census data from India provides information on population size, characteristics like age composition, literacy rates, and occupational structures over time. Health and nutrition of subgroups like adolescents are also examined.
Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence
The Indian economy on the eve of independence was characterized by colonial exploitation that left it backward, depleted, and stagnant. The British pursued policies aimed at transforming India into a supplier of raw materials and consumer of British manufactured goods. This led to de-industrialization, poor development of the agricultural sector, and high unemployment. While infrastructure like railroads and communications improved, the overall economic development of India was not a priority and it remained a semi-feudal, colonial economy in dire need of reform.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment guarantee act
This presentation is on Mahatma Gandhi national rural employment guarantee act which was presented by social work student of Tara institute of social sciences, Mumbai in his class presentation. This act basically aims to provide employment to rural households who have job card and the act grantee the employment, for further read my ppt.
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This document discusses poverty in India, including definitions, characteristics of poor people, measures used to identify poverty, and government policies and programs aimed at poverty alleviation. It notes that over 20% of India's population lives below the poverty line, with rural areas and certain states having higher rates of poverty than others. Government programs discussed include rural employment generation, food security initiatives, social security programs, and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. While these programs have helped reduce poverty levels, shortcomings include benefits not reaching the poorest and an insufficient scale compared to the magnitude of poverty in India.
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The document discusses unemployment, defining it as a situation where capable and willing workers cannot find employment. It outlines the main types of unemployment including frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal unemployment. Causes of unemployment mentioned include population growth, lack of opportunities, seasonal factors, and slow industry development. Costs are described at both individual and societal levels. Solutions proposed to address unemployment include changing investment patterns, supporting small businesses, and reorienting education policy.
Work Force Participation Rate in India
The economic prosperity of a nation depends on the quality of its workforce. The present study attempts to describe the work force participation rates in India. This study illustrates the spatial and temporal change in the work force participation of persons (males and females) in India, highlighting important differences due to sex, age, place of residence. A striking feature has been a rising trend in the rural female work force participation rates after liberalization (1991) but declining trend in the last decade (2011). This work force distribution also presents data regarding number of main and marginal workers. The time series data on work force distribution by category of workers like cultivators, agricultural laborers, workers in rural Household industries, etc. also presents a picture of structural change occurring in the economy. The temporal analysis of total workers of India explains that the work participation rate has registered continuous increase in the last three decades.
Employment and Unemployment
The document discusses various topics related to employment and workers in India including:
1) It defines different types of workers such as self-employed, hired, casual, and regular.
2) It provides statistics on the size and characteristics of India's workforce, such as 70% living in rural areas and most working in agriculture.
3) It describes the occupational structure with most workers in the primary sector and trends of informalization.
4) It discusses different types of unemployment like open, structural, and disguised unemployment.
5) It outlines government efforts to generate employment through direct programs and indirectly through other initiatives.
Mgnrega
The MGNREGA Act provides a legal entitlement to at least 100 days of employment per year in rural areas. It aims to enhance livelihood security by providing unskilled manual work. The program is implemented by gram panchayats, with the involvement of contractors banned. This Core Java project creates a system for Block Development Officers and Gram Panchayat Members to create projects and employees, allocate workers, calculate wages, and monitor the MGNREGA program. The system aims to computerize record keeping and implementation compared to the currently manual process, with future enhancements like automated messages and payments discussed.
Unemployment in India
The document discusses unemployment in India. It provides current unemployment rates in India and by state. It defines unemployment and different types of unemployment such as seasonal, structural, cyclical, and technological unemployment. The major causes of unemployment in India include a large population, slow economic and industrial growth compared to population growth, the seasonal nature of agricultural work, the joint family system, and lack of education and job skills. Schemes to address unemployment include MGNREGA, which guarantees 100 days of paid work per year.
Ppt.unemployment. jins joseph
The presentation deals with unemployment as a social problem. It discusses the meaning, various types, cause for unemployment, effect of unemployment and the solution to curtail this issue.
Food security in india of class 9
This document discusses food security in India. It defines food security as availability, accessibility and affordability of food. The poorest sections of society, including landless farmers, artisans, and casual laborers, are most prone to food insecurity. Hunger has both chronic and seasonal dimensions in India. While food grain production has increased due to the Green Revolution, a section of people still remain without food due to poverty. The government has implemented various policies and programs, including maintaining buffer stocks, operating ration shops through the public distribution system, and targeted nutrition schemes, to address food insecurity in India.
Unemployment in india
This document provides an overview of unemployment in India. It begins with definitions of unemployment and discusses the types, causes, and effects of unemployment. It then outlines several government programs and policies aimed at increasing employment, such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. The document concludes by summarizing India's goals for employment in the 11th Five Year Plan, including creating new jobs and reducing unemployment rates.
Unemployment in india
The document discusses unemployment in India, including defining types of unemployment, statistics on unemployment rates, causes of unemployment, and steps taken by the government to reduce unemployment through programs like the Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana and Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana. It also provides suggestions for solving unemployment such as changing the education system, expanding employment exchanges, and promoting population control and small industries.
The role of small scale industries in india
Small scale industries play an important role in the Indian economy by contributing significantly to industrial output, exports, and employment. They account for about 40% of industrial output and create the largest number of jobs after agriculture. Food products, non-metallic mineral products, and metal products are some of the largest employment generating small scale industries in India.
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Chapter - 2, Sectors of the Indian Economy, Economics, Social Science, Class 10
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Unemployment is a major social issue in India. It is caused by factors like rapid population growth, limited land resources, seasonal nature of agriculture, and lack of adequate employment planning. The main types of unemployment in India are seasonal, voluntary, frictional, causal, and disguised unemployment. Unemployment rates are higher in urban areas compared to rural areas. Mass unemployment leads to increased poverty and social issues. While it affects people of all education levels, educated unemployed struggle with underutilization of their skills and capacities. Unemployment presents significant economic and social challenges for India.People as resource class 9 part 3
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Health is important for people to realize their potential and productivity. The national health policy aims to improve access to healthcare, especially for underprivileged groups.
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While India's official unemployment rate is low, many people have low incomes and productivity but are still counted as employed. The agriculture sector absorbs most labor but some have moved to secondary and tertiary industries.
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This document summarizes the current unemployment situation in India. It discusses how unemployment in India has increased to 7.6% in December 2019, with 18.6 million Indians unemployed. Major causes of unemployment include the caste system, slow economic growth, population increase, and inflexible government policies. The document also examines how unemployment affects the economy through lower GDP, increased government borrowing, lost human capital, and loss of earnings. It concludes that recent government policies have not promoted industry growth and some temporary industry shutdowns have occurred.
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Unemployment is a major challenge in India. There are several types of unemployment including rural unemployment like seasonal unemployment and disguised unemployment, and urban unemployment like educated unemployment, industrial unemployment, and structural unemployment. The causes of unemployment include slow economic growth that has not created enough jobs, a growing labor force due to population increase and changing attitudes, the adoption of capital-intensive technologies inappropriate for India's situation, the caste system, low savings and investment rates, ineffective economic planning, the joint family system, seasonality in agriculture, and gender disparities. Unemployment leads to underutilization of human resources and hardship.
UNEPLOYMENT.docx
Unemployment is a major challenge in India. There are several types of unemployment including rural unemployment like seasonal unemployment and disguised unemployment, and urban unemployment like educated unemployment, industrial unemployment, and structural unemployment. The causes of unemployment include slow economic growth that has not created enough jobs, a growing labor force due to population increase and changing attitudes, the adoption of capital-intensive technologies inappropriate for India's situation, the caste system, low savings and investment rates, ineffective economic planning, the joint family system, seasonality in agriculture, and gender disparities. Unemployment leads to underutilization of human resources and hardship.
UNEPLOYMENT.pdf
Unemployment is a major challenge in India. There are several types of unemployment including rural unemployment like seasonal unemployment and disguised unemployment, as well as urban unemployment such as educated unemployment, industrial unemployment, and structural unemployment. The causes of unemployment include slow economic growth that has not created enough jobs, a growing labor force due to population increase, the use of inappropriate capital-intensive technologies, the caste system, low savings and investment rates, ineffective economic planning, the joint family system, seasonality in agriculture, and gender disparities. Unemployment has remained a persistent problem in India despite efforts to address it.
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UNEMPLOYMENT.pptx
This document discusses unemployment in India. It defines unemployment and notes that India has a high unemployment rate, which indicates economic distress. The main causes of unemployment in India are high population growth, lack of job opportunities, seasonal employment, and low education levels. Unemployment has negative effects on individuals and society. There are several types of unemployment discussed, including frictional, structural, seasonal, disguised, technological, cyclical, and vulnerable unemployment. Unemployment is measured using tools like labor force surveys and unemployment rates. The government has implemented schemes to help address unemployment such as Mudra Yojana, Skill India, and the Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Act.
Employment, Unemployment and Policies
EMPLOYMENT
Economic Definition of Work
Definition of employment
Employment ratio in India
Employment Structure in India
Types of employment in India
Employment Problems in India
UNEMPLOYMENT
Unemployment
Types of Unemployment in India
Policies to increase employment opportunities in India
References
sriharikapu
Increasing the Employability of Youth
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Unemployment in India-Economic and social point of view
A brief presentation on Unemployment in INDIA.
Includes Classification,type,Genesis,Solutions to eradicate The Unemployment.
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ecoproject121-130-220124103303.pdf
Indian economy for multiplication table in the world and wishes to you 🎁 and the family man with 64usiebefwoeoen and wishes come true 💝 May the new 6 of life and leave you are free and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true 6 May god bless you with good health and happiness and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and healthy life and good health and happiness ❤️🔥 6 of the day today and the year ahead is full of many blessings and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes come true and wishes to your
ECONOMICS PROJECT REPORT FOR STD 12.pptx
A comprehensive study report for economics students of class 12 ISC for refernce, practise and in depth understanding of concepts.
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This document summarizes a presentation on the impacts of unemployment in India. The presentation covers types of unemployment like seasonal, structural, and technological unemployment. It discusses the impact of unemployment like increased poverty, crime, and health issues. The presentation reviews India's unemployment rate, noting it rose to over 23% during COVID-19 lockdowns. It outlines government initiatives to address unemployment such as MGNREGA, Skill India, and Startup India. Finally, it lists variables that will be studied like primary surveys and secondary sources.
Unemployement
The document discusses unemployment in India. It defines full employment and unemployment, noting that unemployment occurs when able and willing people cannot find work. It states that unemployment is typically higher in urban areas, among men, in the agriculture sector, and among the educated population. It classifies unemployment into voluntary, involuntary, cyclical, seasonal, frictional, structural, and disguised types. It provides employment and unemployment data for India from 1993-1994 to 2004-2005 and notes the current unemployment rate is around 9.4%. It also lists some key government initiatives to address unemployment like MGNREGA, SGSY, and PMEGP. Suggestions proposed include increasing access to credit, providing skills training, and reforming
Unemployment in Pakistan and India comparison
UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN AND INDIA COMPARISON
TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS
EFFECTS
POLICIES MADE BY BOTH COUNTRIES
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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- 2. Indian has workforce of nearly 473 milllion (47.3 crore) of persons. 70% =male 30%=female 75% found in rural areas 25% found in urban areas size of workforce In India Points for discussion
- 3. why is the bulk of our workforce Rural based? •This is simply because bulk of jobes are in rural areas. Means more people are engaged in farming but contribute less to GDP. This means low productivity of workers in rural areas. •Low productivity implies low earnings, which is why there is bulk workforce.
- 4. Why is % of female workers low and still lower urban areas. Points for discussion •Low opportunity for job •In india most families job work for women's is still governed by family decisions.
- 5. Here are some statistics facts relating to rural- urban rate of participations for male and female population in the country
- 6. JOBLESS GROWTH Is a situation when the level of output in economy tends to Rise owing to innovative technology Without any rise in the level of employment.
- 7. Casualisation:- It includes large numbers or % of casual workers and their numbers tending up.
- 8. INFORMALISATION Situation when people tend to find employment More in unorganised sector of the economy And less in organised sector in economy Example: private sector
- 9. Difference between formal and informal workers FORMAL WORKERS •work in org. Sector of the economy •social security •can form trade unions •protect by various laws INFORMAL WORKERS •work in unorg. Sector in the economy . •no social security . •cannot form trade unions •unprotected by labour laws .
- 10. UNEMPLOYMENT Situation when people are willing to work at existing Wage rate, as well as able to work, but Are not getting work.
- 11. Types of unemployment DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT When more person are Engaged in production activity than Actually required. SEASONAL UNEMPLOYMENT Occur because of nature Of crop production.
- 12. cause of UNEMPLOYMENT in India .Slow economic growth .Rapidly growth of population .Seasonal occupation .Joint family system .Low savings and investment
- 13. GOVERNMENT AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION •poverty •policy and programmes •lack of awareness •generation gap •NEP 1991 •NEP involves a massive drives toward privatsation
- 14. Thankyou for listening! don't hesitate to ask any kind Off question.
- 15. Do you have any questions? Send it to us! We hope you learned something new.