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Unemployment in Pakistan and India comparison
- 2. Presented to Respected: PROFESSOR NADEEM BUKHARI COURSE: MICRO-ECONOMICS
- 4. GROUP MEMBERS: AYESHA ZAIDI (GROUP LEADER) M1F18BBAM0010 ABUBAKAR M1F18BBAM0002 TAHIRA RIAZ M1F18BBAM0013 SALMAN ALI M1F18BBAM0031 MEHFOOZ KHAN M1F18BBAM0034
- 5. INTRODUCTION:: DEFINATION: Unemployment occurs when a person who is actively searching for employment is unable to find work. (Samuelson) The most frequent measure of unemployment is the unemployment rate, which is the number of unemployed people divided by the number of people in the labor force.
- 6. Two aspects of unemployment: GENERAL SENSE: Unemployment refers to a SITUATION in which the workers who are capable of working and WILLING but do not get employment. MEASUREMENT POINT OF VIEW: GAP between the potential unemployment (full employment) and the number of employed persons. FORMULA TO FIND: Unemployment rate: no. of unemployed persons * 100 Labor force Includes employed and unemployed
- 7. MAINTYPES:
- 8. Frictional unemployment is a type of unemployment which ix explained as follows: It is sometimes called search unemployment and can be based on the circumstances of the individual. It is time spent between jobs when a worker is searching for a job or transitioning from one job to another. EXAMPLE: quitting, termination, seasonal unemployment.
- 9. EXAMPLE: during recession people buy less cars so the owner does not need much workers to meet the demand.
- 10. VOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT People who are unwilling to work at the prevailing wage rate. There are some people who get income from other sources and do not have to work. IT IS A NATIONAL WASTE OF HUMAN ENERGY. Example: rejecting the job for better pay and having other sources for receiving money.
- 11. INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYEMENT: DEFINATION: Involuntary unemployment occurs when a person is willing to work at the prevailing wage yet is unemployed. Involuntary unemployment Is distinguished from voluntary unemployment, where workers choose not to work because their reservation wage is higher than the prevailing wage. Rendered unemployed against their wishes.
- 12. STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT: Unemployment resulting from industrial reorganization, typically due to technological change, rather than fluctuations in supply or demand. Example: newspaper with web advancements of news.
- 13. Education Unemployment is Unemployment among people with an academic degree. Unemployment refers to the situation in which the people who are capable of working and willing to work do not get employment. It is also called as Graduate Unemployment. Example: New technologies in industries require high level of knowledge Computer based. EDUCATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT:
- 14. DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT: Disguised unemployment or hidden is a kind of unemployment where some people seem to be employed but are actually not.
- 17. COMPARISON BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND INDIA (UNEMPLOYMENT)
- 18. MAJOR INDCATORS PAKISTAN 2018 POVERTY rate 29.5% Education Male 80% Female 60% Population 200,813,818 GDP 4.00% INDIA 2018 Poverty rate 41.5% Education Male 60% Female 77% Population 1,354,051,854 GDP 7.3%
- 19. PAKISTAN UNEMPLOYMENT RATE INDIA UNEMPLOYMENT RATE Backwardnessof agriculture Financiallossindus terrorism Severe terrorism Growthinpopulation Inflexible market conditions Globalslowdown Governprob Laborlaws inflex Demoneti zation ofnotes
- 21. PAKISTAN UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: Actual Previous Highest lowest Dates Unit Frequency 5.90 5.90 7.80 3.10 1985-2017 Percent% Yearly Unemployment Rate in Pakistan remained unchanged at 5.90 percent in 2017 from 5.90 percent in 2016. Unemployment Rate in Pakistan averaged 5.49 percent from 1985 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 7.80 percent in 2002 and a record low of 3.10 percent in 1987. INDIA UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: Unemployment Rate in India increased to 3.53 percent in 2018 from 3.52 percent in 2017. Unemployment Rate in India averaged 4.03 percent from 1983 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 8.30 percent in 1983 and a record low of 3.41 percent in 2014. Actual Previous Highest Lowest Dates Unit frequency 3.53 3.52 8.30 3.41 1983-2018 Percent% Yearly
- 22. CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS OF UNEMPLOMENT PAKISTAN Causes PAKISTAN (solution) INDIA (solution) Limited resources Monitor referral systems Train youth Lack of investments Support industries Support industries Retirements Pension plans Associations and plans Energy crises Inc acquisition of fossil fuel Better economic growth Poor education Quality education Empowering Limited experience Experience opportunities Experience opportunities Law violence Implement laws Created laws Fewer opportunities Support investors Decrease gender discrimination
- 24. INDIA FORMED POLICIES FOR REDUCING UNEMPLOMENT NATIONAL RULER UNEMPLOYMENT GOVERNMENT ACT
- 25. NREGA National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005, is an Indian labour law and social security measure that aims to guarantee the 'right to work'.
- 26. Sampoorna grameen yojna The Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana was a scheme launched by the Government of India to gain the objective of providing gainful employment for the rural poor.
- 27. SAWARNA JAYANTI GRAM SAWAROZGAR YOJNA The objective of the SGSY is to bring the assisted Swarozgaris above the poverty line by providing them income generating assets through bank credit.
- 28. PRIME MINITERS EMPLOYMENT GENERATION PROGRAM: Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programe (PMEGP) is a national level programe to generate employment opportunities.
- 29. PAKISTAN MADE POLICIES TO: Improve skills / human capital to make people more flexible in the workplace Provide stronger incentives to look for and accept work Increase the occupational and geographical mobility of labor Maintain a sufficiently high level of demand to create enough new jobs Encourage entrepreneurship and innovation as a way of creating new products and market demand which will generate new employment opportunities
- 30. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PAKISTAN: Change in industrial techniques- labor intensive industries. Change in education system Expansion of Employment exchanges Well recognized training and technical institutions are need to be established where skills programs are offered. Improvement in job information •SELF POINT OF VIEW •The age of retirement should be at least 55 years. •Jobs should be given purely on merits. •Family planning centers should be opened to control the flow of over population. •Well recognized training
- 31. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INDIA Corruption free bureaucracy Framework for the business law Taxes on laws. The business micro loans Training institutes Control population Full utilization capital Promote agriculture sector Exploitation of natural resources Establishment of power houses in villages (Baghmati committee) •SELF POINT OF VIEW •Training institutes •Control population
- 32. : Educated youth is in front of so many troubles in finding jobs and in starting their occupation careers. The situation is serious because greater part of the segments agreed that they cannot get job without a reference and bribery. It is also observed that majority of the fresh graduates are not accepted in job market because the demand of experienced segments is far above the ground as match up to to the fresh ones. Job opportunities are too low owed to the overpopulation and lake of resources, wages are also low hence the majority of the segments don’t agree to low salary and long working hours but the majority of them are having problem to get job even on less pay Educated youth is in front of so many troubles in finding jobs and in starting their occupation careers. The situation is serious because greater part of the segments agreed that they cannot get job without a reference and bribery. It is also observed that majority of the fresh graduates are not accepted in job market because the demand of experienced segments is far above the ground as match up to the fresh ones. Job opportunities are too low owed to the overpopulation and lake of resources, wages are also low hence the majority of the segments don’t agree to low salary and long working hours but the majority of them are having problem to get job even on less pay CONCLUSION: The hardest work in the world in being out of work (WHITNEY YOUNG)
- 33. Continue…….. In the world which can’t be removed with the ardor and determination. The only thing which has to be done is work with unity and responsibility. If every citizen starts performing his or her own duty then there is no one who will end the nation to be improved. Being jobless causes people to often feel sorrowful as well as unhappy, so if you have some family member or friend who is out of work establish that you are there for this person in their time of require and self-doubt as well.