Introduces us the the concepts of emotions and moods and their effects on Organizational Behavior. These are concepts that have only recently received increased attention in research and practice.As mentioned, emotions and moods were dismissed by OB for a long time. One of the primary reasons was the “Myth of Rationality” that suggested that OB comprised rational concepts and applications and emotions and moods were seen as highly irrational. Emotions were thought to be disruptive of organizational activity and decreased productivity. Because they were perceived as irrational the belief was that they were unpredictable and therefore not easily influenced. We now know this is untrue.Affect is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings people experience. This includes both emotions and moods. Emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. Moods are the feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus.

1. Emotions And MoodsEmotions And Moods
4-1

2. Differentiate Emotions from Moods,Differentiate Emotions from Moods,
List the Basic Emotions and MoodsList the Basic Emotions and Moods
4-2
 The “Myth of Rationality”The “Myth of Rationality”
 Emotions were seen as irrationalEmotions were seen as irrational
 Managers worked to make emotion-free environmentsManagers worked to make emotion-free environments
 View of EmotionalityView of Emotionality
 Emotions were believed to be disruptiveEmotions were believed to be disruptive
 Emotions interfered with productivityEmotions interfered with productivity
 Only negative emotions were observedOnly negative emotions were observed
 Now we know emotions can’t be separated from theNow we know emotions can’t be separated from the
workplaceworkplace
Why Were Emotions Ignored in OB?

3. Differentiate Emotions from Moods,Differentiate Emotions from Moods,
List the Basic Emotions and MoodsList the Basic Emotions and Moods
4-3
Insert Exhibit 4-1

4. Differentiate Emotions from Moods,Differentiate Emotions from Moods,
List the Basic Emotions and MoodsList the Basic Emotions and Moods
4-4
While not universally accepted, there appearWhile not universally accepted, there appear
to be six basic emotions:to be six basic emotions:
1.1. AngerAnger
2.2. FearFear
3.3. SadnessSadness
4.4. HappinessHappiness
5.5. DisgustDisgust
6.6. SurpriseSurprise

5. Differentiate Emotions from Moods,Differentiate Emotions from Moods,
List the Basic Emotions and MoodsList the Basic Emotions and Moods
4-5
May even be placed in a spectrum ofMay even be placed in a spectrum of
emotion:emotion:
Happiness Surprise Fear Sadness Anger Disgust

6. 4-6
Insert Exhibit 4-2
Discuss Whether Emotions Are RationalDiscuss Whether Emotions Are Rational
and What Functions They Serveand What Functions They Serve

7. 4-7
Discuss Whether Emotions Are RationalDiscuss Whether Emotions Are Rational
and What Functions They Serveand What Functions They Serve
Decision-Making
Thinking Feeling

8. 4-8
PersonalityPersonality
There is a trait component – affect intensityThere is a trait component – affect intensity
Day and Time of the WeekDay and Time of the Week
There is a common pattern for all of usThere is a common pattern for all of us
Happier in the midpoint of the dailyHappier in the midpoint of the daily
awake periodawake period
Happier toward the end of the weekHappier toward the end of the week
Identify the Sources ofIdentify the Sources of
Emotions and MoodsEmotions and Moods

9. 4-9
Identify the Sources ofIdentify the Sources of
Emotions and MoodsEmotions and Moods
Insert Exhibit 4-3

10. 4-10
Identify the Sources ofIdentify the Sources of
Emotions and MoodsEmotions and Moods
Insert Exhibit 4-4

11. 4-11
WeatherWeather
Illusory correlation – no effectIllusory correlation – no effect
StressStress
Even low levels of constant stress canEven low levels of constant stress can
worsen moodsworsen moods
Social ActivitiesSocial Activities
Physical, informal, and dining activitiesPhysical, informal, and dining activities
increase positive moodsincrease positive moods
Identify the Sources ofIdentify the Sources of
Emotions and MoodsEmotions and Moods

12. 4-12
SleepSleep
Poor sleep quality increases negativePoor sleep quality increases negative
affectaffect
ExerciseExercise
Does somewhat improve mood, especiallyDoes somewhat improve mood, especially
for depressed peoplefor depressed people
Identify the Sources ofIdentify the Sources of
Emotions and MoodsEmotions and Moods

13. 4-13
AgeAge
Older folks experience fewer negativeOlder folks experience fewer negative
emotionsemotions
SexSex
Women tend to be more emotionallyWomen tend to be more emotionally
expressive, feel emotions more intensely,expressive, feel emotions more intensely,
have longer-lasting moods, and expresshave longer-lasting moods, and express
emotions more frequently than do menemotions more frequently than do men
Due more to socialization than to biologyDue more to socialization than to biology
Identify the Sources ofIdentify the Sources of
Emotions and MoodsEmotions and Moods

14. 4-14
Emotional Labor-An employee’s expression ofEmotional Labor-An employee’s expression of
organizationally desired emotions duringorganizationally desired emotions during
interpersonal transactions at work.interpersonal transactions at work.
Emotional Dissonance:Emotional Dissonance:
Employees have to project one emotionEmployees have to project one emotion
while simultaneously feeling anotherwhile simultaneously feeling another
Can be very damaging and lead to burnoutCan be very damaging and lead to burnout
Show the Impact Emotional LaborShow the Impact Emotional Labor
Has on EmployeesHas on Employees

15. 4-15
Types of Emotions:Types of Emotions:
Felt: the individual’s actual emotionsFelt: the individual’s actual emotions
Displayed: required or appropriateDisplayed: required or appropriate
emotionsemotions
Surface ActingSurface Acting: displaying appropriately: displaying appropriately
but not feeling those emotions internallybut not feeling those emotions internally
Deep ActingDeep Acting: changing internal feelings: changing internal feelings
to match display rules - very stressfulto match display rules - very stressful
Show the Impact Emotional LaborShow the Impact Emotional Labor
Has on EmployeesHas on Employees

16. 4-16
Describe Affective Events TheoryDescribe Affective Events Theory
and Identify Its Applicationsand Identify Its Applications
Insert Exhibit 4-5

17. Describe Affective Events TheoryDescribe Affective Events Theory
and Identify Its Applicationsand Identify Its Applications
 An emotional episode is actually the result of aAn emotional episode is actually the result of a
series of emotional experiences triggered by aseries of emotional experiences triggered by a
single eventsingle event
 Current and past emotions affect job satisfactionCurrent and past emotions affect job satisfaction
 Emotional fluctuations over time create variations inEmotional fluctuations over time create variations in
job performancejob performance
 Emotion-driven behaviors are typically brief andEmotion-driven behaviors are typically brief and
variablevariable
 Both negative and positive emotions can distractBoth negative and positive emotions can distract
workers and reduce job performanceworkers and reduce job performance
4-17

18. Describe Affective Events TheoryDescribe Affective Events Theory
and Identify Its Applicationsand Identify Its Applications
 Emotions provide valuable insightsEmotions provide valuable insights
about behaviorabout behavior
 Emotions, and the minor events thatEmotions, and the minor events that
cause them, should not be ignored atcause them, should not be ignored at
work; they accumulatework; they accumulate
4-18

19. Contrast the EvidenceContrast the Evidence
For and Against the ExistenceFor and Against the Existence
of Emotional Intelligenceof Emotional Intelligence
Emotional Intelligence is a person’s abilityEmotional Intelligence is a person’s ability
to:to:
Be self-awareBe self-aware
Recognizing own emotions whenRecognizing own emotions when
experiencedexperienced
Detect emotions in othersDetect emotions in others
Manage emotional cues and informationManage emotional cues and information
4-19

20. Contrast the EvidenceContrast the Evidence
For and Against the ExistenceFor and Against the Existence
of Emotional Intelligenceof Emotional Intelligence
4-20
Insert Exhibit 4-6

21. Contrast the EvidenceContrast the Evidence
For and Against the ExistenceFor and Against the Existence
of Emotional Intelligenceof Emotional Intelligence
EI is controversial and not wholly acceptedEI is controversial and not wholly accepted
Case for EI:Case for EI:
Intuitive appeal;Intuitive appeal;
Predicts criteria that matter;Predicts criteria that matter;
Is biologically-based.Is biologically-based.
4-21

22. Contrast the EvidenceContrast the Evidence
For and Against the ExistenceFor and Against the Existence
of Emotional Intelligenceof Emotional Intelligence
EI is controversial and not wholly acceptedEI is controversial and not wholly accepted
Case against EI:Case against EI:
Too vague a concept;Too vague a concept;
Can’t be measured;Can’t be measured;
Its personality by a different name.Its personality by a different name.
4-22

23. Be Able to Identify StrategiesBe Able to Identify Strategies
for Emotion Regulationfor Emotion Regulation
and Their Likely Effectsand Their Likely Effects
Emotion regulationEmotion regulation is to identify and modifyis to identify and modify
the emotions you feel.the emotions you feel.
Strategies to change your emotions includeStrategies to change your emotions include
thinking about more pleasant things,thinking about more pleasant things,
suppressing negative thoughts, distractingsuppressing negative thoughts, distracting
yourself, reappraising the situation, oryourself, reappraising the situation, or
engaging in relaxation techniques.engaging in relaxation techniques.
4-23

24. Apply Concepts About EmotionsApply Concepts About Emotions
and Moods to Specific OB Issueand Moods to Specific OB Issue
SelectionSelection
EI should be a hiring factor, especially forEI should be a hiring factor, especially for
social jobs.social jobs.
Decision MakingDecision Making
Positive emotions can lead to betterPositive emotions can lead to better
decisions.decisions.
CreativityCreativity
Positive mood increases flexibility,Positive mood increases flexibility,
openness, and creativity.openness, and creativity.
4-24

25. Apply Concepts About EmotionsApply Concepts About Emotions
and Moods to Specific OB Issueand Moods to Specific OB Issue
MotivationMotivation
Positive mood affects expectations ofPositive mood affects expectations of
success; feedback amplifies this effect.success; feedback amplifies this effect.
LeadershipLeadership
Emotions are important to acceptance ofEmotions are important to acceptance of
messages from organizational leaders.messages from organizational leaders.
4-25

26. Apply Concepts About EmotionsApply Concepts About Emotions
and Moods to Specific OB Issueand Moods to Specific OB Issue
NegotiationNegotiation
 Emotions, skillfully displayed, canEmotions, skillfully displayed, can
affect negotiationsaffect negotiations
Customer ServicesCustomer Services
 Emotions affect service quality delivered toEmotions affect service quality delivered to
customers which affects customer relationshipscustomers which affects customer relationships
 Emotional ContagionEmotional Contagion: “catching” emotions: “catching” emotions
Job AttitudesJob Attitudes
 Can carry over to home, but dissipate overnightCan carry over to home, but dissipate overnight
4-26

27. Apply Concepts About EmotionsApply Concepts About Emotions
and Moods to Specific OB Issueand Moods to Specific OB Issue
Deviant Workplace BehaviorsDeviant Workplace Behaviors
 Negative emotions lead toNegative emotions lead to employee devianceemployee deviance
(actions that violate norms and(actions that violate norms and
threaten the organization)threaten the organization)
Safety and Injury at WorkSafety and Injury at Work
 Don’t do dangerous work when in a bad moodDon’t do dangerous work when in a bad mood
Manager’s InfluenceManager’s Influence
 Leaders who are in a good mood, use humor, andLeaders who are in a good mood, use humor, and
praise employees increase positive moodspraise employees increase positive moods
4-27

28. Managerial ImplicationsManagerial Implications
 Emotions and moods are a natural part of anEmotions and moods are a natural part of an
individual’s makeup.individual’s makeup.
 Ignoring co-workers’ and employees’ emotions andIgnoring co-workers’ and employees’ emotions and
assessing others’ behavior as if they wereassessing others’ behavior as if they were
completely rational is wrong.completely rational is wrong.
 ““You can’t divorceemotions from the workplaceYou can’t divorceemotions from the workplace
because you can’t divorce emotions from people.”because you can’t divorce emotions from people.”
 Managers who understand the roles of emotions andManagers who understand the roles of emotions and
moods will significantly improve their abilitymoods will significantly improve their ability
to explain co-workers’ and employees’ behaviors.to explain co-workers’ and employees’ behaviors. 4-28