Emergency Evacuation Checklist
This checklist has been developed as an aid to the selection, design, development and
maintenance of Emergency Evacuation Plans, Escape Routes and Assembly Areas. It
is an integral component of the Emergency Planning methodology that is the basis of
the Total Continuity range of services and tools aimed at supporting those who are
responsible for the emergency evacuation of staff, customers, visitors and residents
from commercial, residential or public premises.
This presentation outlines the purpose of an ER mock drill and how to go about planning, implementing and reviewing tabletop exercises and live drills to better educate and prepare your team for a real-world emergency.
Emergency Response Training has been implemented to many corporate giants and are being used by some of my counter parts. This programme involves earth quake, fire fighting, tsunami, armed intruder and bomb threat. The second version of this programme is called Workplace Emergency Preparedness Training (WEPT) soon will be launched in this Slide Share
This presentation outlines the purpose of an ER mock drill and how to go about planning, implementing and reviewing tabletop exercises and live drills to better educate and prepare your team for a real-world emergency.
Emergency Response Training has been implemented to many corporate giants and are being used by some of my counter parts. This programme involves earth quake, fire fighting, tsunami, armed intruder and bomb threat. The second version of this programme is called Workplace Emergency Preparedness Training (WEPT) soon will be launched in this Slide Share
This presentation talks about why it's important for any corporation to have a corporate program so the company can be properly educated and prepared to respond to a crisis or disaster to keep their employees and company assets safe. https://www.meadgroup.com/conferences/baem2017/highlights/
Fire warden Training is a criticle part of your Occupational Health and safety Regulations. This presentation gives you a guide on the requirements of a fire warden. The best training is delivered by real emergency workers that are expert in that field.
Under Australian Standard 3745-2010 all workplaces are to have at least on trained fire warden as part of their emergency control organisation.
Multi tenated building such as shopping centres require the building owner or thier agent to ensure that an Emergency Control Organisation is in Place (Fire Warden Structure) for all buildings Class 2 to 9 (Building code of Australia).
Project Name: xxx
RA Ref No.: xxx
RA compilation Date: Review date:
Date:
Compiled by:
Reviewed by:
Approved by:
Overall Task Details
Use of mechanical breakers – excavator – for demolition of concrete structure Relevant Applicable MAS:
• 00940 – Plant Operators; Additional Training required:
NOC’s Required for task:
RISK SCORE CALCULATOR
Use the Risk Score Calculator to Determine the Level of Risk of each Hazard
What would be the
CONSEQUENCE
of an occurrence be? What is the LIKELIHOOD of an occurrence? Hierarchy of Controls
Frequent/Almost certain (5)
Continuous or will happen frequently Often (4)
6 to 12 times a year Likely (3)
1 to 5 times a year Possible (2)
Once every 5 years Rarely (1)
Less than once every 5 years Can the hazard be Eliminated or removed from the work place?
Catastrophic (5)
Multiple Fatalities High 25 High 20 High 15 Medium 10 Medium 5 Can the product or process be substituted for a less hazardous alternative?
Serious (4)
Class 1 single fatality High 20 High 16 High 12 Medium 8 Low 4 Can the hazard be engineered away with guards or barriers?
Moderate (3)
Class2 (AWI or LTI) or Class 1 Permanently disabling effects High 15 High 12 Medium 9 Medium 6 Low 3 Can Administration Controls be adopted
I.e. procedures, job rotation etc.
Minor (2)
Medical attention needed, no work restrictions. MTI Medium10 Medium 8 Medium 6 Low 4 Low 2 Can Personal Protective Equipment & Clothing be worn to safe guard against hazards?
Insignificant (1)
FAI Medium10 Medium 4 Low 3 Low 2 Low 1
No Specific Task Step
(In sequence of works) Hazard Details Consequence/Risk Initial Risk Rating Control Measures Residual Risks Additional Control Measures RR
L C RR
1 Plant checks on arrival to site
PRIOR TO SITE ACCESS • Use of heavy plant for demolition; • Unauthorized operation of the plant resulting in incident;
• Failure due to use of un-certificated plant;
3 4 12
HIGH i. All plant to be Third Party Certificated by a DM approved inspector, documentation available on arrival to site;
ii. Operators to have in-date Third Party certificate by approved body, available for review on arrival to site;
iii. Visual inspection of plant undertaken by competent person; Documentation unavailable for review Plant quarantined until evidence provided Low
2 Demolition of concrete structure • Excavator breaker operation
• (Operator)Plant / pedestrian interaction;
• Operator visibility; • Incident due to use of defective plant or associated equipment;
• Plant reversing – risk of serious injury to pedestrians;
• Unauthorized use of plant by untrained personnel;
• Collision with plant and live traffic within site boundary;
• Workers struck by working plant, very high risk of fatality;
• Noise;
• Exposed rebar – risk of injury;
• Possible contamination of asbestos in structure;
• Proximity to public areas;
4 4 16 HIGH i. Demolition Method statement to be submitted and adhered to. Demolition to be undertaken in a sequential, controlled
Emergency Evacuation Checklist Jim Burtlesbcilondonforum
Emergency Evacuation Checklist
This checklist has been developed as an aid to the selection, design, development and
maintenance of Emergency Evacuation Plans, Escape Routes and Assembly Areas. It
is an integral component of the Emergency Planning methodology that is the basis of
the Total Continuity range of services and tools aimed at supporting those who are
responsible for the emergency evacuation of staff, customers, visitors and residents
from commercial, residential or public premises.
Emergency Evacuation Planning
Emergency Planning
BCI
BCI LONDON
Jim Burtles
How to Manage the Human Aspects Of Incident Management And Resilience
This presentation talks about why it's important for any corporation to have a corporate program so the company can be properly educated and prepared to respond to a crisis or disaster to keep their employees and company assets safe. https://www.meadgroup.com/conferences/baem2017/highlights/
Fire warden Training is a criticle part of your Occupational Health and safety Regulations. This presentation gives you a guide on the requirements of a fire warden. The best training is delivered by real emergency workers that are expert in that field.
Under Australian Standard 3745-2010 all workplaces are to have at least on trained fire warden as part of their emergency control organisation.
Multi tenated building such as shopping centres require the building owner or thier agent to ensure that an Emergency Control Organisation is in Place (Fire Warden Structure) for all buildings Class 2 to 9 (Building code of Australia).
Project Name: xxx
RA Ref No.: xxx
RA compilation Date: Review date:
Date:
Compiled by:
Reviewed by:
Approved by:
Overall Task Details
Use of mechanical breakers – excavator – for demolition of concrete structure Relevant Applicable MAS:
• 00940 – Plant Operators; Additional Training required:
NOC’s Required for task:
RISK SCORE CALCULATOR
Use the Risk Score Calculator to Determine the Level of Risk of each Hazard
What would be the
CONSEQUENCE
of an occurrence be? What is the LIKELIHOOD of an occurrence? Hierarchy of Controls
Frequent/Almost certain (5)
Continuous or will happen frequently Often (4)
6 to 12 times a year Likely (3)
1 to 5 times a year Possible (2)
Once every 5 years Rarely (1)
Less than once every 5 years Can the hazard be Eliminated or removed from the work place?
Catastrophic (5)
Multiple Fatalities High 25 High 20 High 15 Medium 10 Medium 5 Can the product or process be substituted for a less hazardous alternative?
Serious (4)
Class 1 single fatality High 20 High 16 High 12 Medium 8 Low 4 Can the hazard be engineered away with guards or barriers?
Moderate (3)
Class2 (AWI or LTI) or Class 1 Permanently disabling effects High 15 High 12 Medium 9 Medium 6 Low 3 Can Administration Controls be adopted
I.e. procedures, job rotation etc.
Minor (2)
Medical attention needed, no work restrictions. MTI Medium10 Medium 8 Medium 6 Low 4 Low 2 Can Personal Protective Equipment & Clothing be worn to safe guard against hazards?
Insignificant (1)
FAI Medium10 Medium 4 Low 3 Low 2 Low 1
No Specific Task Step
(In sequence of works) Hazard Details Consequence/Risk Initial Risk Rating Control Measures Residual Risks Additional Control Measures RR
L C RR
1 Plant checks on arrival to site
PRIOR TO SITE ACCESS • Use of heavy plant for demolition; • Unauthorized operation of the plant resulting in incident;
• Failure due to use of un-certificated plant;
3 4 12
HIGH i. All plant to be Third Party Certificated by a DM approved inspector, documentation available on arrival to site;
ii. Operators to have in-date Third Party certificate by approved body, available for review on arrival to site;
iii. Visual inspection of plant undertaken by competent person; Documentation unavailable for review Plant quarantined until evidence provided Low
2 Demolition of concrete structure • Excavator breaker operation
• (Operator)Plant / pedestrian interaction;
• Operator visibility; • Incident due to use of defective plant or associated equipment;
• Plant reversing – risk of serious injury to pedestrians;
• Unauthorized use of plant by untrained personnel;
• Collision with plant and live traffic within site boundary;
• Workers struck by working plant, very high risk of fatality;
• Noise;
• Exposed rebar – risk of injury;
• Possible contamination of asbestos in structure;
• Proximity to public areas;
4 4 16 HIGH i. Demolition Method statement to be submitted and adhered to. Demolition to be undertaken in a sequential, controlled
Emergency Evacuation Checklist Jim Burtlesbcilondonforum
Emergency Evacuation Checklist
This checklist has been developed as an aid to the selection, design, development and
maintenance of Emergency Evacuation Plans, Escape Routes and Assembly Areas. It
is an integral component of the Emergency Planning methodology that is the basis of
the Total Continuity range of services and tools aimed at supporting those who are
responsible for the emergency evacuation of staff, customers, visitors and residents
from commercial, residential or public premises.
Emergency Evacuation Planning
Emergency Planning
BCI
BCI LONDON
Jim Burtles
How to Manage the Human Aspects Of Incident Management And Resilience
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A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
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https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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1. Jim Burtles, Hon. FBCI, KLJ
BCI Global Membership Council
Principal at Total Continuity
2. EEP Menu
Core Material
1. Introduction
– BCM and EEP Lifecycles
2. Similarities to BCM
3. Terminology
– Concepts and Techniques
4. Evacuation Time
– Mathematical Formula
– Exodus Software
5. Strategies & Options
– Alternative Solutions
6. Evacuation Process
Optional Extras
1. Practical Considerations
– Plans & Tools
2. “EEP for Your Workplace”
– Academic Textbook
3. Interesting Solutions
– Escape Chutes
4. Better Fire Drills
5. Counselling
– “Coping with Crisis (1998)”
6. Examples
– What Can Happen
Terminology Evac.TimeBCM/EEP StrategyIntroduction Process Fire DrillsChutes etc. Counselling ExamplesTool Kit EEPBook
3.
4.
5. One Positive Outcome
Since then the Business Continuity Life
Cycle and Principles have been
adapted to develop:-
• Emergency Evacuation Planning (EEP)
i.e.
• How to make sure you can get people
out of your premises and direct them
towards a place of safety
7. From:- Burtles, J. (2013). Emergency Evacuation Planning for Your Workplace. Rothstein Associates, USA
Exercise
and
Maintain
Agree
the
Strategy
Explore and
Assess
Plans and
Procedures
Set Up
Program
8. • Business Impact
Analysis (BIA)
– Used to determine key
factors such as
MTPD and RTO
• Continuity
Requirements
Analysis (CRA)
– Used to aggregate the
requirements for a
successful recovery
• Emergency Impact
Analysis (EIA)
– Used to determine
key factors such as
MTPE and ATO
• Evacuation
Requirements
Analysis (ERA)
– Used to aggregate
requirements for a
safe evacuation
9. • RTO
o Recovery Time
Objective
• RPO
o Recovery Point
Objective
• MTDL
o Maximum Tolerable
Data Loss
• MTPD
o Maximum Tolerable
Period of Disruption
• ATO
o Assembly Time
Objective
• AAR
o Assembly Area
Requirements
• MTMP
o Maximum Tolerable
Missing Persons
• MTPE
o Maximum Tolerable
Period of Exposure
Terminology Evac.TimeBCM/EEP StrategyIntroduction Process Fire DrillsChutes etc. Counselling ExamplesTool Kit EEPBook
10. Emergency Evacuation Terminology
Assembly Area
Exit Route leads from place
of work to Exit Point
Muster
Point
Building
Exit Point
Exit Route
Escape Route
Escape Route leads from
Exit Point to Assembly Area
11. Escape Routes and Assembly Areas
• Emergency Escape Routes
– Alternate Exit Points
• Front, rear and side entrances
– Alternate Escape Routes
• To avoid crowds, obstacles or dangers
– Avoid straight line routes
• Corners provide protection
• Emergency Assembly Areas
– Open spaces
• Away from falling debris
– Avoid ‘Line of sight’ from targets
• Away from flying debris
14. Refuges or Bunkers
• Internal evacuation or ‘Invacuation’
– Limited capacity
– Pre-allocate to key players
• Those who are
– Most needed
– Last to Leave
– Hampered
– Away from windows
• Solid walls
• Safe doors
• Basements may become traps
– Consider exit status after the event
15. Escape Route Considerations
Escape routes must be safe
– Often this is a relative term
Beware of
– Bottle necks and dead ends
– Gates, doors and obstructions
– Falling or flying debris
– Over crowding
– People getting lost
– Steep or slippery slopes or stairs
– Power dependent devices
16. Target
Building
E A A
Terminology Evac.TimeBCM/EEP StrategyIntroduction Process Fire DrillsChutes etc. Counselling ExamplesTool Kit EEPBook
Best choice is governed by Blast Zones
1 - Select an Emergency Assembly Area
2 - Consider Emergency Escape Routes
17. Estimating Evacuation Time
In many venues and some circumstances,
it may not be practical to conduct full scale
exercises to determine
–Evacuation Time
• E.g. Stadiums, Arenas, Theatres,
Conference Centres, Shopping Malls
& Supermarkets
–No permanent population
• Hospitals & Care Centres
–Fragile population
21. Evacuation Software
• Software can also be used to predict crowd
behaviour and estimate evacuation times.
– EXODUS was developed by the Fire Safety
Engineering Group at Greenwich University
and has produced accurate results
– There are several others available, e.g.
• Oak Ridge Evacuation Modelling System (OREMS)
– Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US Dept. of Energy)
• STEPS by Mott McDonald
• PathFinder by Thunderhead Engineering
• MapleSim by Maplesoft
23. Internal Refuges
An internal refuge is an alternative to escaping
to an outside assembly area
– It is quicker to reach
– Exclusive to occupants
However there are disadvantages
– Limited capacity
• Prioritisation and usage?
– Danger of imprisonment
– Difficulty of finding a safe cage
24. Roll Calls
How can you be sure everyone is safe?
– A daily roster will tell us who was there before
the event
• Each manager can do a roll call using the latest staff
list for their unit
– Hierarchical reporting
• Everyone reports to their team leader who reports
to the unit manager etc.
– A reporting point at the assembly area can be
used to check against the roster
– Tagging systems will track people
25. When is it Safe to Return?
• The Emergency Services will decide
– They will err on the side of caution
– They may allow site visiting
• But assume otherwise
• Your role is to
– Keep your people out of the way
– Organise the return
• Establish relationships now
– Share your ideas and concerns with them
26. Escape for Disabled People
• Some provisions exist
– Health & Safety and Fire regulations
• In addition you might consider
– The airline approach
• First on – Near the door
• Last off – Except in an emergency
– A buddy system
– Escape slides
– The ground floor rule
– Sledge system
– Invacuation
– Using the lifts (where possible)
27. Testing the Regime
• You need to test the whole regime
–Practical?
–Timings?
• Involve ALL interested parties
–Neighbours
–Tenants
–Police
• via Crime Prevention Officer (CPO)
–Fire and Rescue
• via Fire Prevention Officer (FPO)
–Emergency Planning Officer
• County Hall or City Hall (EPO)
Terminology Evac.TimeBCM/EEP StrategyIntroduction Process Fire DrillsChutes etc. Counselling ExamplesTool Kit EEPBook
28. Emergency Evacuation Process (1)
• A series of steps that must be taken in
quick succession
– No allowances for hesitation
• Based on the following assumptions
– Evacuation Window of up to 20 minutes
• From first alarm to incident occurrence
– Emergency Assembly areas will be at least
500 metres away
• Within 5 minutes walking distance
– Exit Time is 4 minutes
• I.e. Time taken to get out of the building
29. Emergency Evacuation Process (2)
• Alert Received ET Zero
• Security Advised ET +2
• Staff Warning ET +4
• Verification ET +4
• Confirmation & Invocation ET +5
• Assembly Area & Escape Route Selected ET +6
• Evacuation Announced ET +8
• Building Clear ET +12
• Staff Assembled ET +18
Emergency Time (ET) is expressed in minutes
30. Warning goes out
Security goes into
EEP routineExecutive
Emergency Evacuation
Switchboard
Reception
Security
Staff
Emergency
Services
The Key Players
in an Emergency
Alert The Message
goes to Security
without delay
Verification
Warning
Update
Invocation
Confirmation
Selection
Assembly
Area
Advise
Evacuation
Message
Evacuation CommencesExit Proceed Assemble
Principal reference source; ‘Bombs - Protecting People and Property’, published by the Home Office (UK)
Evacuation Route
Internal Alarm
32. Guidance
• Remember to K I S S
–Keep It Safe and Simple
• Try to use ‘baby’ language
‘Follow the Path’
Not
‘Adhere at All Times to the
Indicated Pedestrian Pathway’
Terminology Evac.TimeBCM/EEP StrategyIntroduction Process Fire DrillsChutes etc. Counselling ExamplesTool Kit EEPBook
34. Emergency Evacuation Checklist
• Glossary of Terms
– Special meanings
– New terms
• 4 main sections
– Exit Routes & Exit Points
– Escape Routes & Dangers
– Assembly Areas & Muster Points
– Internal Refuges & Allocation
A Useful Planning Tool
http://bcilondonforum.org
You will be able to
download this checklist
from the
BCI London website
36. Types of Plan
Unlike Business Continuity Plans, Evacuation Plans
are not used by a team in a command &
control centre but as personal guides
• PEEPS
– Are personalised for specific individuals or groups
• Handy Plans
– One can go in everybody's pocket or handbag
• Marshalling Plans
– Guidance for those who organise or assist
• Visitors’ Plans
– Safety information for relative strangers
• Poster Plans
– Displayed prominently throughout the premises
37. • Personal Emergency
Evacuation Plan
– Tailored for Individual
Needs and Use
– Convenient Sized
• Tri-fold format
– Or similar
– Personalised by the User
• Or their Carer
38. Handy Plans
Emergency Evacuation Plans should be
– Available to everyone
– Simple to follow
– Up to date
– Inexpensive
– Replaceable
– Convenient to carry
• E.g. Trifold, C-Fold or Z-Cards
39. A Poster Plan
Evacuation Procedure
1. Alert or Alarm
Alert – Intermittent fire alarm.
Remain alert; no new tasks
Alarm – Continuous alarm.
Leave without delay
2. Listen
Listen for directions
3. Check
Check that everyone heard got the message
4. Close
Close down, take your handbag, grab your
coat and leave
Close the doors if you are the last to leave
5. Proceed
Follow the signs to the nearest fire exit.
6. Exit
Leave the building via the fire exit
7. Escape
Follow the signs to the assembly area
8. Assemble
Gather at the assembly area
9. Report
Report to the Fire Marshal
10. Wait
Await further instructions
Emergency Plan
Exit 1Exit3
Exit2
Exit 4
Kings
Arms
Assembly
Area
King Street
QueenStreet
Duke Street
PrinceStreet
42. Further Information
For an in-depth study of the
subject see:
“Emergency Evacuation
Planning for Your
Workplace”
- Regulations
- Standards
- Emergency Signage
- Dealing with the
Disabled
- Testing and Exercising
- Tools and Templates
Rothstein Associates
ISBN 978-1-931332-56-9
Terminology Evac.TimeBCM/EEP StrategyIntroduction Process Fire DrillsChutes etc. Counselling ExamplesTool Kit EEPBook
47. These Principles Can Be Applied
To Any Number Of Stories
Terminology Evac.TimeBCM/EEP StrategyIntroduction Process Fire DrillsChutes etc. Counselling ExamplesTool Kit EEPBook
48. Fire Drills
Regular fire drills are an established
activity in every business
Expensive exercises that bear no fruit
– We simply establish that
• Everybody can hear the alarm
• They can get out of the building
– Under routine circumstances
Then everybody goes back to work
49. Improved Fire Drills
We could learn a lot more from these
exercises without increasing the cost
and inconvenience
We could also be more forward thinking
about the evacuation procedure itself
50. On the Way Out
‘Take personal possessions like keys,
jackets and handbags, PROVIDING
you are at, or near, your desk’
The benefits are
– People will be less inclined to rush or panic
– They will be prepared for what comes next
• ‘Back to work’, ‘Stay there’ or ‘Go home’.
– Standing around with no jacket can be unpleasant.
– Going home with no keys or money can be difficult.
51. Whilst they are Out
Try to deliver a message or instruction to
your staff at the assembly area
– You might need to do this in a real emergency
All managers should be able to direct their
staff to carry out a simple task
– I suspect that many would fail
52. Once they are Back
Ask them to make a ‘Fire Exposure List’
– What would (or might) have been lost in the
event of a real fire
• Everything that was left exposed
Combine the lists to see how vulnerable you
are to loss of work in progress
– It might highlight the need for better protection or
more precaution
53. Feedback and Support
Post-Event Debriefing is essential
• We need to
– Know, agree, record and report what happened
– Learn and apply any lessons
– Gain recognition
• They need to
– Get it off their chest, say what they think they saw
– Deal with their demons, say how they feel
– Realise that it is a safe place
– Regain their confidence
54. Feedback and Support
• Debriefing, reporting and counselling are an
integral part of any real-life emergency
• Therefore they should be an integral part of
any test or exercise
– “Practice makes Perfect”
– Be thorough in your practice
– Try to make the whole thing realistic
– Stay within the bounds of credibility
Terminology Evac.TimeBCM/EEP StrategyIntroduction Process Fire DrillsChutes etc. Counselling ExamplesTool Kit EEPBook
55. Counselling
• Emergencies can traumatise
those who are involved
• They need to talk about it to
get some relief
– A good debriefing will help
most of them
– Others may need counselling
See:
“Coping with Crisis”
Loving Healing Press
ISBN 978-1-932690-41-5
Terminology Evac.TimeBCM/EEP StrategyIntroduction Process Fire DrillsChutes etc. Counselling ExamplesTool Kit EEPBook
56. Examples
Short Notice Events
• Hurricanes
– Andrew, Rita etc.
• Floods
• Fire
• War Zone
• Tsunami
• Pollution
Sudden Events
• Earthquakes
– Nepal
• Lightning
• Tornadoes
• Explosions
• Riots
• Plane Crash
Terminology Evac.TimeBCM/EEP StrategyIntroduction Process Fire DrillsChutes etc. Counselling ExamplesTool Kit EEPBook
