The document discusses the process of embalming, which involves preserving a dead body through chemical treatment to delay decomposition. The main steps are: verifying death, washing and massaging the body, setting facial features, injecting embalming fluid via the arteries or cavities, and applying cosmetics. Embalming aims to sanitize, preserve, and present the body for viewing through temporarily halting decay. Chemicals like formaldehyde are injected into blood vessels or body cavities to disinfect and slow microbial growth.

1. EMBALMING
-:
Presented
by
:-
Suresh
Vinayak
Nursing
Tutor
Class-GNM
1

2. Embalming:-
Embalming is the treatment or preservation of a dead body
with the chemical substances to protect it from decay. An
embalmer is one who is trained in the art and science of
embalming.
Goals of embalming (Purposes) :-
 Sanitization of body
 Preservation of body
 Presentation of body
https://youtu.be/rc_QSyWl-GA

3. Chemical(Fluids) Used:-
Fluids contains a mixture of formaldehyde glutaraldehyde ,
methanol, ethanol, and other solvent.

4. Embalming Process:
The practice of embalming has been performed throughout
history for various cultural and religious purposes. In general,
embalming begins with the deceased body placed in
the supine position(shown below) and the head is elevated.

5. Step 1: Verification of Death:
The first step in the embalming process is to verify whether the
deceased is in fact dead. The presence of clouded eyes, rigor
mortis, lack of a pulse, and general unresponsiveness. The
identification of the deceased is verified via hand and foot
tags.

6. Step 2: Wash and Massage the Body
The clothes and personal effects are removed and then body is
sanitized using an antimicrobial detergent. The orifices (e.g.,
mouth) are rinsed carefully. The limbs are massaged to
alleviate the signs of rigor mortis.

7. Step 3: Setting the Features
The embalmer poses the eyes in a closed position using a
specialized eye cap. The lips are shut either by suturing,
wiring, or an adhesive. The face is shaved to remove any
visible stray hairs.

8. Step 4: Injection of Embalming Fluid:
The embalmer temporarily preserves the body by injecting
chemicals into the vessels and peritoneal cavity of the body.
There are several different methods of injecting embalming
fluid.

9. Types/ Parts of embalming:
A. Arterial embalming:
B. Cavity embalming:
C. Hypodermic embalming:
D. Surface embalming

10. A . Arterial embalming:
Arterial embalming: which involves the injection of embalming
chemicals into the blood vessels, usually via the right
common carotid artery. Blood is drained from the right
jugular vein

11. B. Cavity embalming:
The suction of the internal fluids of the corpse and the injection
of embalming chemicals into the body cavities, using an
aspirator and trocar.

12. C. Hypodermic embalming:
Hypodermic embalming is the subcuticular injection of suitable
preservative chemical directly into the tissues.
The treatment area can include finger tips, the cavity walls of an
autopsied body or a limb that won’t arterial embalming.

13. D. Surface embalming:
Surface embalming is the application of an embalming solution
directly to the surface of the tissues.
The chemical are applied with an aerosol spray, or painted with
a brush using a liquid or gel and applied using cotton soaked
liquid on the surface of the tissues.

14. Step 5: Application of Cosmetics:
As a last step, the embalmer will apply a moisturizer and
various cosmetics to hide a discoloration of the skin and
achieve a more natural appearance of the body. The hair
styled using oil and gel and body dressed in formal clothes for
viewing purposes.

16. Equipments used in embalming
 Tray lined with towel
 Long artery clamp
 Bandage
 Absorbent and non absorbent cotton
 Hospital gown and patient cloths
 draw sheet
 Mackintosh big
 bathing tray
 Mortuary card and plastic cover
 Loose gloves and suture material

17. Procedure:-
• Provide privacy
• Allow relatives to see body.
• Use PPE
• Disconnect tubing's gently and seal wounds.
• All belongings removed in the presence of relatives and
document in nursing record.
• Replace denture and give bed bath.
• Pack orifices with cotton .
• Fold hand as in praying position and legs together tie.
• Complete mortuary card and place in plastic cover and tie
with great toe.

18.  Use ball pen to fill information's.
 hand over belongings to relative with consent.
 Hand over body after settling bill.
 Fill mortuary register if body kept in mortuary.
 Before releasing body Check medical record:-
# 3 copies of Death certificate
# Autopsy permit slip
# Mortuary register entry.
# Authorization slip to take body destination.
# Embalming procedure if requested by relatives.
# Dress patient in own cloths before hand over the body.

19.  Assist for transportation of body.
 wash and replace articles after procedure .
 Wash hands
Documentation:-
Document in nurses record about procedure date, time of
release of body with signature of nurse.

20. References:-
 Lakhwinder kaur Maninder kaur, A text book of nursing
foundation, edition 2017, page no763-7
 Brenner E. Human body preservation – old and new
techniques. Edition 2014 page no 316-44.
 Celestina F, Kritika M, Fundamentals of Nursing, Edition
2017,page no:539
 Macdonald GJ and Mac Gregor DB. Procedures for
embalming cadavers for the dissecting laboratory. Edition
1997 pageno-363-5.

21. Post Test:
1.Which of the following is NOT a part of the embalming procedure:
A. Injection of embalming fluid
B. Puncture and aspiration of the internal organs
C. Sewing the mouth shut
D. Application of contact lenses to mask the clouded appearance of the corneas
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding embalming:
A. The body is drained of all fluids by aspirating the carotid artery.
B. The bodily fluids are drained through the peritoneal cavity by hanging the body upside down.
C. The blood is drained out the right jugular vein via the injection of embalming fluid via the carotid artery.
D. The blood is drained out of the carotid artery via the injection of embalming fluid via the right jugular vein.
3. The goal of embalming is to:
A. Preserve the body
B. Sanitize the body
C. Present the body
D. All of the above
4. Write down the steps of embalming process.( name)