This document provides an overview of organ donation, including the definition of organ donation, types of organ donation (live vs. deceased donors), organs that can be donated, laws around organ donation, organizations involved in organ donation, and the process of organ donation and transplantation. Key points covered include that organs from a single donor can benefit many recipients, and that the first organ transplant was a kidney transplant in 1954 between identical twins.

1. ORGAN DONATION
Presented By:
Ms Heena Shastri
M.sc (N)

2.  Introduction.
 Definition.
 Types organ donation.
 List of organ.
 Laws.
 Organization.
 Consent list for organ donation.
 Steps .
 Issues.
 Advantage & disadvantage

3.  Organ donation takes healthy organs and tissues from one person
for transplantation into another. The organs from one donor can save or help as
many people. The first human organ transplant was a kidney transplant
performed in 1954. The donor of the kidney was the identical twin of the
recipient

4.  “Organ donation is the process of surgically removing an organ or tissue
from one person (the organ donor) and placing it into another person (the
recipient). Transplantation is necessary because the recipient’s organ has failed
or has been damaged by disease or injury.”
 “Donation refers to donating human cells, tissues, or organs. intended
for human applications. The donor is living or deceased, who is a source of
cells, tissues, or organs. for the purpose of transplantation.”

5.  Live donors:- A living-donor transplant is a surgical procedure to remove an
organ or portion of an organ from a living person and place it in another
person whose organ is no longer functioning properly.
one kidney, lung, or a portion of the liver, pancreas, or intestine.

6.  Decreased donor /dead donor :- deceased organ donation is the
process of giving an organ or a part at the time of the donor’s death,
for the purpose of transplantation to another person.
 Heart, kidney, pancreas, stomach, skin, lungs, liver, intestine,
cornea and heart valve.
 Brain dead :- The person who are less chance to live again.
 Cardiac Death:- When a person suffers a Cardiac death, the heart stops
beating. Due to the lack of circulation of blood the vital organs quickly
become unusable for transplantation

8.  Liver:- A liver transplant is a surgical procedure to remove a diseased liver and
replace it with a healthy liver from a donor. Most liver transplant operations
use livers from deceased donors.
 Within 8 hours the liver are transplant In other person .
 Kidney:- The 85% of patients waiting for kidney in 3 to 5 years a is the
average waiting time for a kidney from a deceased donor.
 A kidney transplant is a surgical procedure to place a kidney from a living or
deceased donor into a person whose kidneys no longer function properly.
 Within 72 hours the liver are transplant In other person .

9.  Heart:- heart Donor usually come from people who have injured their brain in
an accident or who have had a major stroke or dead. There's no age
limit to donation the heart will be transplant within 4 to 6 hours.
 Lung:- Lung transplantation is a surgical procedure in which a patient's
diseased lungs are partially or totally replaced by lungs which come from a
donor. Donor lungs can be retrieved from a living donor or a deceased donor. A
living donor can only donate one lung lobe . within 4 to 6 hours the lungs
should be transplant.
 Eye /Cornea:- The cornea is the clear tissue at the front of eye. Eyes must be
removed within 4 - 6 hours after death.

10.  Skin:-Donor skin can be frozen and stored for long periods, up to five years. A
person can donate their organs only in the case of brain death, But they can
donate their eyes and skin even when they suffer a cardiac death.
 Bone marrow:-A bone marrow transplant is a medical procedure performed to
replace bone marrow that has been damaged or destroyed by disease, infection,
or chemotherapy. This procedure involves transplanting blood stem cells,
which travel to the bone marrow where they produce new blood cells and
promote growth of new marrow.

11.  Transplantation of Human Organs Act, was passed in 1994 and is aimed at
regulation of removal, storage and transplantation of human organs for
therapeutic purposes and for prevention of commercial dealings in human
organs
 Act also focuses on the prevention of illegal commercial dealings in various
human organs.
 The Act also defines the process and the criteria meant to be used for the
purpose of brain death certification.
 It allows the transplantation of the human tissues and organs from the living
donors as well as cadavers after brain death or cardiac death.
 The Act authorizes organ donation after the process of brain death.

12.  The costs of donor management, transportation, and preservation have to
be managed by the recipient, the institution, the government, society or
an NGO. The costs should not be managed by the family of the donor.
 The Act defines procedure and rules for organ donations in different types
of medico-legal cases so that controversies regarding the determination of
the cause of death as well as delaying in the retrieval of organs can be
avoided.
 The Act also outlines the manpower and facilities that are needed for
registration of hospitals as transplant centers.

13.  National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization (NOTTO) is a
National level organization set up under Directorate General of Health
Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
 Lay down policy guidelines and protocols for various functions.
 Network with similar regional and state level organizations.
 All registry data from States and Regions would be compiled and
published.
 Creating awareness, promotion of organ donation and transplantation
activities.
 Monitoring of transplantation activities in the Regions and States and
maintaining data-bank in this regard.

14.  Regional Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization (ROTTO)
 Seth G.S. Medical college and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, (Maharashtra)
 Govt. Multi speciality Hospital, Chennai (Tamil Nadu)
 Institute of PG Medical Education and Research, Kolkata (West Bengal)
 State Organ and Transplant Organization (SOTTO)
 Maharasthra Gujarat, Goa, UTs of DNH, Daman, Diu, M.P. Chhattisgarh
 Punjab, Haryana, HP, J & K, Chandigarh, Rajasthan and Uttarkhand

15.  Consent form from donor and recipient
 Death certificate from relative of donor
 Medical reports
 DNA reports
 Legal consent.


16. 1.Identification of the Potential Donor by the Hospital
Medical professionals at a hospital identify a potential candidate for donation. The
nature of the injury leads a physician to determine the patient is brain dead or a
potential donation after circulatory death (DCD) candidate.
2. Evaluation of Donor Eligibility
The evaluation includes a medical and social history and physical examination of
the patient. This determines whether or not the patient is a suitable candidate
for donation.
3. Authorization for Organ Recovery
If a donor designation or individual authorization by the decedent cannot be
identified, the family must give their consent in order for the donation process
to proceed. If the family consents, the legal next-of-kin signs a donor consent
form.

17. 4. Medical Maintenance of the Patient
Once family consent or donor designation has been provided, clinical
coordinator, in concert with the hospital staff, maintains the patient medically.
In some cases physician support is requested on a consultation basis.
5. Matching Organs to Potential Recipients
Recipient selection is based on blood type, body size, medical urgency and
length of time on the waiting list. The heart, liver and lungs are matched by
blood type and body size. In matching the pancreas and kidneys, genetic tissue
type is also considered.
6. Offering Organs Regionally, Then Nationally
A computerized list of waiting patients in the matching blood group is provided
to the coordinator who seeks to match organs with recipients in the donation
service area. If a match cannot be made for a specific organ within this area,
the organ is offered on a regional basis, then nationally, if necessary.

18. 7. Placing Organs and Coordinating Recovery
When a recipient match has been found, the coordinator calls the transplant center for the patient who
matches the donated organ(s). The patient's transplant surgeon is responsible for making the decision
whether to accept the organ. If the surgeon declines the organ for that patient, the coordinator contacts
the transplant surgeon of the next patient on the list. This process continues for each organ until all of
the organs have been appropriately matched with recipients. The coordinator then arranges for the
operating room (for the recovery of the organs) and the arrival and departure times of the transplant
surgery teams.
8. Surgical Recovery of Organs
When the surgical team arrives, the donor is taken to the operating room where the organs and
tissues are recovered through a dignified surgical procedure. In accordance with federal law,
physicians recovering the organs do not participate in the donor's care prior to the
determination of brain death.
9. Preparing Recipients for Surgery
Once the recipients have been identified, they are called by their transplant surgeons for the final
pre-operative preparations while the organ recovery process is occurring at the donor hospital.
Upon the organs' arrival at the transplant hospital, the recipients are taken to surgery and the
transplants are performed.

19. 10. Distribution of Organs
Other organs are taken directly to the recipients by the surgical recovery
teams.
11. Funeral and Burial Plans
After the recovery process has occurred, the donor family can proceed with
funeral or burial plans, which are not affected by organ donation. Organ
and tissue donation is a dignified and respectful process.
12. Follow-up with Family and Hospital
follows up each donation by sending letters to the donor family, hospital
staff, physicians and nurses regarding the organs and tissues that have
been recovered.

20.  Religions
 Professional ignorance
 Shy and fear about donation and receive the organ
 Lack Of Family Consent.
 Superstitions And Misconceptions. ...
 Lack Of Education And Awareness. ...
 Lack Of Brain Death Declaration. ...
 Lack Of Organ Transplant And Retrieval Centres.

21.  Helps the person …
 Improves others' quality of life. ...
 It's free to become a donor. ...
 Live to see who you've affected. ...
 Make a difference.

22.  All surgery comes with risks such as …..
 Bleeding
 Infection
 Blood clots
 Allergic reactions
 Damage to nearby organs and tissues.