This document provides information about an ELISA Immuno Explorer kit for diagnosing influenza. It discusses how the kit works, the process and results of performing a rapid influenza diagnostic test using ELISA. Key points include:
- The kit allows students to perform an ELISA in 45 minutes to diagnose influenza using controls and samples.
- A rapid influenza diagnostic test is an ELISA that can detect viral antigens in a doctor's office within 30 minutes and distinguish influenza types A and B.
- Performing the ELISA involves adding controls and samples to wells, washing, then adding detection antibodies and substrate to produce a color change indicating positive or negative results.
This document describes an ELISA Immuno Explorer kit that can be used to teach students about HIV/AIDS diagnosis and immunology. The kit allows students to perform hands-on ELISA tests to detect HIV antibodies in serum samples, simulating real-world HIV testing. It is a cost-effective classroom-safe way to engage students in immunology concepts and link these to an important real-world issue. The document provides background on HIV and the ELISA procedure, as well as instructions for using the kit in a 45-minute laboratory activity.
Dr. Phil Gauger - Influenza ‘A’ Virus in Swine: Overview of Disease and Diagn...John Blue
Influenza ‘A’ Virus in Swine: Overview of Disease and Diagnosis - Dr. Phil Gauger, Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, from 2015 Summer Swine Health Seminar, August 22, 2015, Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-boehringer-ingelheim-carolina-swine-health-seminar
This document provides an overview of agglutination tests used to diagnose febrile diseases. It discusses the Widal test and Weil-Felix test, which detect antibodies produced in response to pathogens like Salmonella typhi. For the Widal test, a patient's serum is tested for O and H antibodies against Salmonella antigens. A positive result requires a titer above 1:80. The Weil-Felix test detects antibodies to rickettsiae, identifying the causative organism of diseases like typhus. Together, agglutination tests provide a serological approach to identifying certain febrile illnesses based on the immune response mounted by the patient.
This document provides an overview of advancements in vaccinology. It discusses the concept and types of vaccines including live attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, subunit, conjugate, DNA, and recombinant vaccines. It describes the process of designing vaccines including determining antigens, conducting pre-clinical and clinical trials. New approaches like reverse vaccinology and edible vaccines are also summarized. Reverse vaccinology uses genomic sequencing to predict vaccine candidates while edible vaccines aim to induce mucosal immunity by expressing antigens in edible plants. The document outlines the development of several vaccines including the first successful meningococcal B vaccine which was developed using reverse vaccinology.
The document discusses the H1N1 influenza virus. It explains that H1N1 is a new type of flu virus containing genetic material from pig, bird, and human flu viruses. H1N1 spreads easily between people and caused a global pandemic in 2009. While most people recover without treatment, antiviral drugs like Tamiflu can shorten illness. Scientists are working to monitor the virus, develop vaccines, and better understand immune responses to prevent further spread of H1N1 infection.
This document describes an ELISA Immuno Explorer kit that can be used to teach students about HIV/AIDS diagnosis and immunology. The kit allows students to perform hands-on ELISA tests to detect HIV antibodies in serum samples, simulating real-world HIV testing. It is a cost-effective classroom-safe way to engage students in immunology concepts and link these to an important real-world issue. The document provides background on HIV and the ELISA procedure, as well as instructions for using the kit in a 45-minute laboratory activity.
Dr. Phil Gauger - Influenza ‘A’ Virus in Swine: Overview of Disease and Diagn...John Blue
Influenza ‘A’ Virus in Swine: Overview of Disease and Diagnosis - Dr. Phil Gauger, Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, from 2015 Summer Swine Health Seminar, August 22, 2015, Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-boehringer-ingelheim-carolina-swine-health-seminar
This document provides an overview of agglutination tests used to diagnose febrile diseases. It discusses the Widal test and Weil-Felix test, which detect antibodies produced in response to pathogens like Salmonella typhi. For the Widal test, a patient's serum is tested for O and H antibodies against Salmonella antigens. A positive result requires a titer above 1:80. The Weil-Felix test detects antibodies to rickettsiae, identifying the causative organism of diseases like typhus. Together, agglutination tests provide a serological approach to identifying certain febrile illnesses based on the immune response mounted by the patient.
This document provides an overview of advancements in vaccinology. It discusses the concept and types of vaccines including live attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, subunit, conjugate, DNA, and recombinant vaccines. It describes the process of designing vaccines including determining antigens, conducting pre-clinical and clinical trials. New approaches like reverse vaccinology and edible vaccines are also summarized. Reverse vaccinology uses genomic sequencing to predict vaccine candidates while edible vaccines aim to induce mucosal immunity by expressing antigens in edible plants. The document outlines the development of several vaccines including the first successful meningococcal B vaccine which was developed using reverse vaccinology.
The document discusses the H1N1 influenza virus. It explains that H1N1 is a new type of flu virus containing genetic material from pig, bird, and human flu viruses. H1N1 spreads easily between people and caused a global pandemic in 2009. While most people recover without treatment, antiviral drugs like Tamiflu can shorten illness. Scientists are working to monitor the virus, develop vaccines, and better understand immune responses to prevent further spread of H1N1 infection.
This document discusses methods for diagnosing and preventing viral diseases through laboratory testing, antiviral drugs, and vaccines. For diagnosis, it describes examining specimens under microscopy, detecting viral antigens, isolating viruses in cell cultures, and measuring antibody titers. It outlines several classes of antiviral drugs that target influenza, herpesviruses, HIV, and other viruses. The document also explains various types of vaccines including inactivated, attenuated, subunit, recombinant, DNA, and plant-based vaccines and how they elicit immune responses to viruses.
Dr. Paul Hauer - National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) UpdateJohn Blue
National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) Update - Dr. Paul Hauer, USDA/APHIS/NVSL, from the 2012 Annual Conference of the National Institute for Animal Agriculture, March 26 - 29, Denver, CO, USA.
More presentations at: http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2012-decreasing-resources-increasing-regulation-advance-animal-agriculture
This document provides an overview of picornaviruses, with a focus on poliovirus. It begins by outlining the objectives of discussing picornavirus morphology, classification, pathogenesis, and the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of poliomyelitis and other diseases caused by echoviruses and rhinoviruses. It then provides details on picornavirus morphology, classification, the history of poliovirus research and discovery, epidemiology, characteristics, cultivation, pathogenesis, and clinical features of poliomyelitis. Key points covered include that poliovirus is an enterovirus that can cause paralysis, replication in the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system, and that infection may be asymptomatic, minor
There are hundreds of diseases of livestock and pet animals that can be printed through properly used quality vaccines. This presentation summarises different types of vaccines used by veterinarians to control/ prevent diseases. The presentation enlists the vaccine-preventable diseases of pets and livestock, and also the different vaccines used.
This document provides an overview of HIV/AIDS, including its types, epidemiology, structure and life cycle, transmission, diagnosis, stages of infection, and treatment. It describes how HIV infects and destroys CD4 cells, progressively weakening the immune system until opportunistic infections define AIDS. Laboratory tests for diagnosis include antibody and viral detection assays, with CD4 counts and viral load used to monitor disease progression and response to antiretroviral therapy.
Rotavirus is a viral pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in children. It appears wheel-shaped under microscopy and is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. Diagnosis can be made using ELISA tests or PCR to detect the virus in stool samples. Treatment focuses on rehydration since there are no antiviral drugs available. Vaccines have been developed to help prevent infection.
This document discusses Salmonella, a bacteria that causes foodborne illness in humans. The researchers identified four Salmonella protein antigens - FliK, BcsZ, FhuA, and FepA - as potential vaccine candidates. These proteins were expressed and shown to stimulate immune responses. Mice studies found vaccines for FliK and BcsZ prolonged survival time and decreased mortality compared to controls when exposed to Salmonella. The researchers concluded these protein antigens show potential as cross-protective vaccine candidates against Salmonella infection.
Advances in diagnostic technology allow for more sensitive, specific, rapid and cost-effective diagnosis of diseases. New methods like PCR, real-time PCR, in situ hybridization, biosensors, infrared thermography, and ELISA have improved on classical diagnostic approaches by being able to detect minute amounts of pathogens, identify pathogens rapidly, and differentiate between field strains and vaccine strains. These advanced diagnostic techniques are important for disease control, treatment, and surveillance.
serological test of HIV/ AIDS and their application.pptxDesalegn Ashenafi
I am graduated BSc in medical laboratory science with very great distinction and awarded gold medal for academic achievement.currently I am graduate assistant at Salale university and pursuing my master degree in medical microbiology at Jimma university . I want to conduct researches and give lectures on different areas of infectious disease, medical microbiology, diagnostic techniques
This document summarizes a presentation on evaluating PCV2 infection dynamics in sows and piglets using oral fluid sampling to detect PCV2 antibodies. The study aimed to validate using oral fluids compared to serum by sampling from 7 farms. Results showed a good correlation between oral fluid and serum antibody titers. Profiles differed according to farm vaccination status and clinical signs. The presentation concluded that oral fluid is an innovative and effective method for PCV2 antibody detection and can help recommend optimal vaccination programs tailored to individual farm needs and characteristics.
Presentation deals with the virus associated with the disease, host, epidemiology, transmission, life cycle of the virus, diagnosis and treatment for chickengunya.
Update on Vaccine Issues & WSAVA Guidelines (2015-2017)Yotam Copelovitz
Dr. Jean Dodds opens her presentation with an explanation on how animals obtain immunity. She continues it by discussing some key points on vaccine issues and their relationship to memory cell immunity. The presentation is concluded with suggested alternatives to current vaccine practices, such as titer testing.
This document discusses poliomyelitis (polio), including:
1. Polio is caused by an RNA virus that infects the human digestive tract and sometimes the central nervous system, potentially causing paralysis or death.
2. India has made great progress against polio through vaccination programs like the Universal Immunization Programme and National Immunization Days.
3. Surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis cases and environmental sampling are important to detect poliovirus transmission and ensure polio is truly eradicated.
The document discusses the operations and services of the SNNPR public health institute laboratory located in Hawassa, Ethiopia. It provides summaries of the laboratory's goals, vision, mission and the types of tests it performs. The laboratory aims to protect public health through testing samples and communicating scientific information. It seeks to become a leading public health problem solving institute. Tests discussed include viral load testing for HIV, serological analysis using ELISA, microbiology testing for pathogens like cholera, and TB detection using culture, GeneXpert and smear tests. The internship provided experience in various biological applications and principles to develop skills in areas like molecular analysis and public health laboratory work.
This document discusses quality assurance of vaccines. It covers in-process quality testing such as staining, inactivation, sterility, and safety testing. Finished product testing includes potency testing through in vivo and in vitro methods. Vaccine stability depends on factors like purity, formulation, storage conditions and is assured through real-time, accelerated, and stress testing. Proper cold chain supply from manufacturer to vaccination site is crucial to maintain vaccine quality. Guidelines are provided for storage of heat, freeze and light sensitive vaccines. Shake testing can detect freezing damage in vaccines.
This document provides an overview of vaccines, including their history, types, and uses. It discusses how Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in 1796 and how Louis Pasteur later developed vaccines for chicken cholera and anthrax in the 1880s. The document outlines seven main types of vaccines: live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, toxoid, conjugate, DNA, and recombinant vector vaccines. It also discusses saponins' potential as vaccine adjuvants and research efforts to develop vaccines for diseases like HIV.
This document provides an overview of vaccines, including their history, types, and uses. It discusses how Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in 1796 and how Louis Pasteur later developed vaccines for chicken cholera and anthrax in the 1880s. The document outlines seven main types of vaccines: live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, toxoid, conjugate, DNA, and recombinant vector vaccines. It also discusses saponins' potential as vaccine adjuvants and research efforts to develop vaccines, such as for HIV.
This document provides an overview of vaccines, including their history, types, and uses. It discusses how Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in 1796 and how Louis Pasteur later developed vaccines for chicken cholera and anthrax in the 1880s. The document outlines seven main types of vaccines: live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, toxoid, conjugate, DNA, and recombinant vector vaccines. It also discusses saponins' potential as vaccine adjuvants and research efforts by organizations like WHO and NIAID to develop new vaccines.
This document provides an overview of vaccines, including their history, types, and uses. It discusses how Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in 1796 and how Louis Pasteur later developed vaccines for chicken cholera and anthrax in the 1880s. The document outlines seven main types of vaccines: live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, toxoid, conjugate, DNA, and recombinant vector vaccines. It also discusses saponins' potential as vaccine adjuvants and research efforts to develop vaccines, such as for HIV.
This document discusses soil microbial ecology and the role of microorganisms in soil. It notes that different microhabitats in soil favor different indigenous microbial populations. Soil particles provide microenvironments with decreasing oxygen levels from the surface. Indigenous soil microflora are determined by abiotic soil factors and some have adaptive structures like endospores. Soil microorganisms play important roles in biodegradation, mineral cycling like nitrogen fixation, and biogeochemical cycles.
More Related Content
Similar to ELISA_as_a_Diagnostic_Tool_Influenza.ppt
This document discusses methods for diagnosing and preventing viral diseases through laboratory testing, antiviral drugs, and vaccines. For diagnosis, it describes examining specimens under microscopy, detecting viral antigens, isolating viruses in cell cultures, and measuring antibody titers. It outlines several classes of antiviral drugs that target influenza, herpesviruses, HIV, and other viruses. The document also explains various types of vaccines including inactivated, attenuated, subunit, recombinant, DNA, and plant-based vaccines and how they elicit immune responses to viruses.
Dr. Paul Hauer - National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) UpdateJohn Blue
National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) Update - Dr. Paul Hauer, USDA/APHIS/NVSL, from the 2012 Annual Conference of the National Institute for Animal Agriculture, March 26 - 29, Denver, CO, USA.
More presentations at: http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2012-decreasing-resources-increasing-regulation-advance-animal-agriculture
This document provides an overview of picornaviruses, with a focus on poliovirus. It begins by outlining the objectives of discussing picornavirus morphology, classification, pathogenesis, and the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of poliomyelitis and other diseases caused by echoviruses and rhinoviruses. It then provides details on picornavirus morphology, classification, the history of poliovirus research and discovery, epidemiology, characteristics, cultivation, pathogenesis, and clinical features of poliomyelitis. Key points covered include that poliovirus is an enterovirus that can cause paralysis, replication in the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system, and that infection may be asymptomatic, minor
There are hundreds of diseases of livestock and pet animals that can be printed through properly used quality vaccines. This presentation summarises different types of vaccines used by veterinarians to control/ prevent diseases. The presentation enlists the vaccine-preventable diseases of pets and livestock, and also the different vaccines used.
This document provides an overview of HIV/AIDS, including its types, epidemiology, structure and life cycle, transmission, diagnosis, stages of infection, and treatment. It describes how HIV infects and destroys CD4 cells, progressively weakening the immune system until opportunistic infections define AIDS. Laboratory tests for diagnosis include antibody and viral detection assays, with CD4 counts and viral load used to monitor disease progression and response to antiretroviral therapy.
Rotavirus is a viral pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in children. It appears wheel-shaped under microscopy and is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. Diagnosis can be made using ELISA tests or PCR to detect the virus in stool samples. Treatment focuses on rehydration since there are no antiviral drugs available. Vaccines have been developed to help prevent infection.
This document discusses Salmonella, a bacteria that causes foodborne illness in humans. The researchers identified four Salmonella protein antigens - FliK, BcsZ, FhuA, and FepA - as potential vaccine candidates. These proteins were expressed and shown to stimulate immune responses. Mice studies found vaccines for FliK and BcsZ prolonged survival time and decreased mortality compared to controls when exposed to Salmonella. The researchers concluded these protein antigens show potential as cross-protective vaccine candidates against Salmonella infection.
Advances in diagnostic technology allow for more sensitive, specific, rapid and cost-effective diagnosis of diseases. New methods like PCR, real-time PCR, in situ hybridization, biosensors, infrared thermography, and ELISA have improved on classical diagnostic approaches by being able to detect minute amounts of pathogens, identify pathogens rapidly, and differentiate between field strains and vaccine strains. These advanced diagnostic techniques are important for disease control, treatment, and surveillance.
serological test of HIV/ AIDS and their application.pptxDesalegn Ashenafi
I am graduated BSc in medical laboratory science with very great distinction and awarded gold medal for academic achievement.currently I am graduate assistant at Salale university and pursuing my master degree in medical microbiology at Jimma university . I want to conduct researches and give lectures on different areas of infectious disease, medical microbiology, diagnostic techniques
This document summarizes a presentation on evaluating PCV2 infection dynamics in sows and piglets using oral fluid sampling to detect PCV2 antibodies. The study aimed to validate using oral fluids compared to serum by sampling from 7 farms. Results showed a good correlation between oral fluid and serum antibody titers. Profiles differed according to farm vaccination status and clinical signs. The presentation concluded that oral fluid is an innovative and effective method for PCV2 antibody detection and can help recommend optimal vaccination programs tailored to individual farm needs and characteristics.
Presentation deals with the virus associated with the disease, host, epidemiology, transmission, life cycle of the virus, diagnosis and treatment for chickengunya.
Update on Vaccine Issues & WSAVA Guidelines (2015-2017)Yotam Copelovitz
Dr. Jean Dodds opens her presentation with an explanation on how animals obtain immunity. She continues it by discussing some key points on vaccine issues and their relationship to memory cell immunity. The presentation is concluded with suggested alternatives to current vaccine practices, such as titer testing.
This document discusses poliomyelitis (polio), including:
1. Polio is caused by an RNA virus that infects the human digestive tract and sometimes the central nervous system, potentially causing paralysis or death.
2. India has made great progress against polio through vaccination programs like the Universal Immunization Programme and National Immunization Days.
3. Surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis cases and environmental sampling are important to detect poliovirus transmission and ensure polio is truly eradicated.
The document discusses the operations and services of the SNNPR public health institute laboratory located in Hawassa, Ethiopia. It provides summaries of the laboratory's goals, vision, mission and the types of tests it performs. The laboratory aims to protect public health through testing samples and communicating scientific information. It seeks to become a leading public health problem solving institute. Tests discussed include viral load testing for HIV, serological analysis using ELISA, microbiology testing for pathogens like cholera, and TB detection using culture, GeneXpert and smear tests. The internship provided experience in various biological applications and principles to develop skills in areas like molecular analysis and public health laboratory work.
This document discusses quality assurance of vaccines. It covers in-process quality testing such as staining, inactivation, sterility, and safety testing. Finished product testing includes potency testing through in vivo and in vitro methods. Vaccine stability depends on factors like purity, formulation, storage conditions and is assured through real-time, accelerated, and stress testing. Proper cold chain supply from manufacturer to vaccination site is crucial to maintain vaccine quality. Guidelines are provided for storage of heat, freeze and light sensitive vaccines. Shake testing can detect freezing damage in vaccines.
This document provides an overview of vaccines, including their history, types, and uses. It discusses how Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in 1796 and how Louis Pasteur later developed vaccines for chicken cholera and anthrax in the 1880s. The document outlines seven main types of vaccines: live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, toxoid, conjugate, DNA, and recombinant vector vaccines. It also discusses saponins' potential as vaccine adjuvants and research efforts to develop vaccines for diseases like HIV.
This document provides an overview of vaccines, including their history, types, and uses. It discusses how Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in 1796 and how Louis Pasteur later developed vaccines for chicken cholera and anthrax in the 1880s. The document outlines seven main types of vaccines: live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, toxoid, conjugate, DNA, and recombinant vector vaccines. It also discusses saponins' potential as vaccine adjuvants and research efforts to develop vaccines, such as for HIV.
This document provides an overview of vaccines, including their history, types, and uses. It discusses how Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in 1796 and how Louis Pasteur later developed vaccines for chicken cholera and anthrax in the 1880s. The document outlines seven main types of vaccines: live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, toxoid, conjugate, DNA, and recombinant vector vaccines. It also discusses saponins' potential as vaccine adjuvants and research efforts by organizations like WHO and NIAID to develop new vaccines.
This document provides an overview of vaccines, including their history, types, and uses. It discusses how Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in 1796 and how Louis Pasteur later developed vaccines for chicken cholera and anthrax in the 1880s. The document outlines seven main types of vaccines: live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, toxoid, conjugate, DNA, and recombinant vector vaccines. It also discusses saponins' potential as vaccine adjuvants and research efforts to develop vaccines, such as for HIV.
Similar to ELISA_as_a_Diagnostic_Tool_Influenza.ppt (20)
This document discusses soil microbial ecology and the role of microorganisms in soil. It notes that different microhabitats in soil favor different indigenous microbial populations. Soil particles provide microenvironments with decreasing oxygen levels from the surface. Indigenous soil microflora are determined by abiotic soil factors and some have adaptive structures like endospores. Soil microorganisms play important roles in biodegradation, mineral cycling like nitrogen fixation, and biogeochemical cycles.
This document discusses microbial interactions, including both positive and negative interactions. It provides examples of symbiotic relationships between microbes and plants, such as lichens and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legume roots. Microbial interactions with animals are also discussed, including relationships between rumen microbes and ruminant digestion. The document concludes by examining the interaction between the human microbiome and the host.
Microbial genetics and genetic engineeringLani Manahan
1. Recombinant DNA technology involves splicing together DNA fragments from different organisms using restriction enzymes and ligase.
2. Vectors are used to insert the recombinant DNA into host cells where they can be replicated. Common vectors include plasmids and bacteriophages.
3. Successful recombinants are selected by their ability to grow in the presence of antibiotics or be detected through other methods like hybridization.
This document discusses several genetic elements and processes in bacteria, including:
1) Genetic elements like plasmids that can carry antibiotic resistance or aid in catabolism.
2) Mechanisms of genetic variation like mutation, transduction via bacteriophage, and recombination through conjugation.
3) Details are provided on specific types of mutations like base substitutions and frameshifts, as well as methods of selection.
This document discusses several genetic elements and processes in bacteria, including:
1) Genetic elements like plasmids that can encode traits like antibiotic resistance and be transferred between bacteria.
2) Mechanisms of genetic variation like mutation, genetic recombination through conjugation, transduction by bacteriophages, and transposition of mobile genetic elements.
3) The processes of replication, transcription, and translation that underlie gene expression and flow of genetic information.
The document summarizes various chemical and antibiotic agents used to control microbes. It discusses phenolics, alcohols, halogens, heavy metals, quaternary ammonium compounds and aldehydes as chemical agents and their mechanisms of action. It also discusses different classes of antibiotics like penicillins and their mechanisms of action. Resistance to these agents can develop due to physiological changes in bacteria like efflux pumps or enzymatic inactivation. The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria is a growing concern as resistance increases in hospitals and farms with extensive antibiotic use.
The document discusses microbial control through various physical and chemical methods. It begins with a brief history of bubonic plague in Europe during the Middle Ages caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium. It then defines key terms like sterilization, disinfection, bactericidal and bacteriostatic. The document outlines several conditions that influence the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents and describes various physical methods of microbial control including heat, filtration and radiation. It provides details on how these methods kill microbes and examples of their applications.
This document summarizes key stages in embryonic development:
1) Fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation and organogenesis are the main developmental stages described.
2) During cleavage, the fertilized egg undergoes rapid cell divisions without growth. Gastrulation involves the invagination and involution of cells to form the three germ layers.
3) Neurulation involves the formation of the neural plate which curves inward to form the neural tube from ectoderm. Mesoderm forms blocks called somites during development.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
3. Stan Hitomi
Coordinator – Math & Science
Principal – Alamo School
San Ramon Valley Unified School District
Danville, CA
Kirk Brown
Lead Instructor, Edward Teller Education Center
Science Chair, Tracy High School
and Delta College, Tracy, CA
Bio-Rad Curriculum and Training Specialists:
Sherri Andrews, Ph.D.
sherri_andrews@bio-rad.com
Leigh Brown, M.A.
leigh_brown@bio-rad.com
ELISA Immuno
ExplorerTM
Kit
Influenza
Diagnostic Tool
Instructors
4. Why Teach
ELISA?
• Hands-on Immunology
• Tangible results
• Laboratory extensions
• Real-world connections
• Link to careers and industry
• Standards-based:
One lesson integrates multiple standards
–Health sciences
–Immunology
–Immune response – antibody/antigen
interactions
–Disease – infection, detection, transmission
5.
6. ELISA
Immuno
Explorer
Kit Advantages
• Lab completed in a 45 min period
• Supplies for 48 students (12 workstations)
• Comprehensive and flexible curriculum
• Compelling real-world links
• Striking results
• Cost effective
• Classroom Safe
7. Workshop
Time Line
• Introduction
• Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Test (RIDT)
• Viruses, influenza, and H1N1
• Ways the ELISA Immuno Explorer Kit
can be used
8. Lab Scenario • A room full of sick people (you guys!)
• Various symptoms
– Coughing
– Sneezing
– Temperature
– Other nasties! (what are you doing here,
anyway?)
9. Question: • Is this the 2009-2010 pandemic H1N1?
• Food poisoning?
• Cholera?
• Or lots of psychosomatic symptoms
(because the person next to you is sick)?
15. Steps 1 – 2
Label wells
of microplate
strip
• Obtain a microplate strip and “serum
samples”
• Label the 12-well strip
–First 3 wells: positive controls “+”
–Next 3 wells: negative controls “-”
–Remaining wells to identify test
samples
Sample 1 Sample 2
16. Steps 3 – 6
Add controls
and samples
• Add 50 µl of positive control to the 3 (+)
wells
• Using a fresh pipet tip, add 50 µl of
negative control to the 3 (−) wells
• Using a fresh pipet tip, add 50 µl of
sample 1 to the next 3 wells
• Using a fresh pipet tip, add 50 µl of
sample 2 to the final 3 wells
• Incubate for 5 minutes
17. Microplate Strips • Microplate strips are made of polystyrene
• Hydrophobic side chains of amino acids
bind to the polystyrene wells
• If flu antigen is present it will bind to the
polystyrene, (+) control, and possibly in the
unknown sample
18. Influenza
species
(antigen types)
5 genera, but only 3
of interest to us
Each genera has a
single species!
• Type A
–Natural host: wild aquatic birds
–Has serotypes (based on antibody
response)
• Type B
–Infects mostly humans (ferrets & seals
can get it too)
–Less common than Type A
–Mutation rate 2-3x slower than type A,
so less genetic diversity and more
acquired immunity
• Type C
–Infects humans, dogs, & pigs, but less
common
–Causes only mild disease
19. Steps 7 – 8
Wash plates
• Remove sample from wells by firmly
tapping the strip on a paper towel
• Discard the top paper towel
• Using a disposable transfer pipet, wash
wells with wash buffer
• Remove wash buffer from wells by firmly
tapping the strip on a paper towel
• Discard the top paper towel
• Repeat wash step
20. • Using a fresh pipet tip, add 50 µl of
primary antibody to each well of the
microplate strip
• Incubate for 5 minutes
• If any flu antigen bound to the well in
previous step primary antibody will bind
to antigen.
Steps 9 – 10
Add primary
antibody
21. Wash Buffer • Wash buffer contains phosphate buffer
saline (PBS) to keep antibodies in a
stable environment that helps keep their
structure
• Also contains Tween 20: a nonionic
detergent that removes non-specifically
bound proteins and coats wells to act as
a blocking agent to reduce background
• Antibody will bind only to influenza
antigens
24. More about
detergent
terms
Lipophilic
portion is also
referred to as
“hydrophobic”
tail
Hydrophilic
portion is also
referred to as
“polar” head
Types: nonionic,
anionic, cationic
and zwitterionic
26. Steps 11 – 13
Wash & add
enzyme-linked
secondary
antibody
• Wash unbound primary antibody from
microplate wells as before
• Wash twice
• Add 50 µl of the enzyme-linked
secondary antibody to each well
• Wait 5 minutes
27. Antibody
Specificity
• Secondary antibody (enzyme-linked
antibody) will only bind to the primary
antibody
• Secondary antibody specifically
recognizes the constant region of the
primary antibody
28. Steps 14 – 15
Add enzyme
substrate
• Wash unbound enzyme-linked secondary
antibody from microplate wells as before
• Wash THREE times
• Add 50 µl of the enzyme-linked substrate
to each well
• Wait 5 minutes
• The positive samples will begin to turn
blue
30. CDC guidelines
for RIDTs
(-) for Flu A & B
(+) for Flu B (+) for Flu A
Detect and distinguish between Type A and Type B
influenza viruses
OR
Detect Type A and Type B influenza viruses, but not
tell them apart
OR
Detect Type A influenza virus
32. Lab tests for
H1N1/09
• The most sensitive & specific laboratory
tests are rRT-PCRs (real-time reverse
transcriptase PCR)
• rRT-PCRs detect viral RNA (very
specific)
• Cannot be performed in doctor’s office;
2-4 days to get results (test takes 6-8
hours)
33. The flu! • Influenza viruses are single-stranded
RNA viruses
• Family Orthomyxoviridae
• Affect birds and mammals
• 3 types A, B, and C
• 2009 H1N1 is Type A
34. Influenza
Type A
• Roughly spherical virus, 80-120
nanometers
• Viral envelope with 2 types of
glycoprotein wrapped around central
core
• Core contains RNA genome and viral
packaging proteins
• Single-stranded (-)RNA virus; 8 RNA
molecules encode 11 proteins
35. Influenza A
viral proteins
• Hemagglutinen (HA)- viral glycoprotein
that mediates binding of virus to target
cell and entry of viral genome into that
cell
• Neuraminidase (NA)- viral glycoprotein
that allows release of progeny virus from
infected cells
–H & N? Sound familiar? (think H1N1)
• 16 HA subtypes – (H1-H16)
• 9 NA subtypes (N1-N9)
36. New human
viruses
• New human influenza viruses occur
through:
–Genetic reassortment within an
existing human virus
–Avian viruses developing capacity for
human-to-human transmission
• New influenza viruses may have novel
HA proteins, with or without a novel NA
proteins
• Called antigenic shift
• Novel antigens means that humans have
no prior immunity
37. 2009 Pandemic
H1N1 Origins
• Derived from several viruses circulating
in swine
• New strain is probably a result of the
reassortment of two swine influenza
viruses, one from North America and one
from Europe
• North American virus already carried an
avian and a human gene.
• The new H1N1 virus has genes from
swine, avian, and human influenzas
38. Reassortments resulting in the current gene complement in the pandemic 2009
H1N1 virus.
Figure from Garten, RJ, et al. 2009. Antigenic and Genetic Characteristics of Swine-Origin 2009
A(H1N1) Influenza Viruses Circulating in Humans. Science 325, 197-201.
39. Flu vaccines:
What’s in
them?
• Each seasonal influenza vaccine
contains 2 influenza A viruses and 1
influenza B virus.
• Data is gathered from 94 countries and
analyzed by 4 WHO centers (USA, UK,
Australia, & Japan). WHO makes
recommendations in February for
vaccines for Northern Hemisphere.
• Strains are selected based on forecasts
about which are most likely to cause
disease in the coming flu season.
40. Vaccine
production
• Manufacturers grow the 3 strains in eggs
or in chicken kidney cells (3 strains
trivalent vaccine)
• It takes 6 months to grow sufficient
quantities of virus for vaccine
preparation
• Novel H1N1 strain (H1N1/09) developed
too late to be included in the annual
influenza vaccine
• H1N1 vaccine was prepared in the same
way as the seasonal influenza vaccine-
just separately!
41. What are the
reagents?
Purified antigen: Chicken gamma globulin
Primary antibody: Polyclonal anti-chicken
antibody made in rabbits
Enzyme-linked secondary antibody:
Polyclonal anti-rabbit antibody (made in goats)
linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
Enzyme substrate: TMB
(3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine) - a colorless
solution that turns blue when oxidized by HRP
42. Ways The ELISA Kit Can Be Used
Protocol Type of
ELISA Real-World Application Objectives
I
Tracking
outbreaks
of disease
HIV, Bird Flu and West Nile
viruses, common cold,
cholera, smallpox, anthrax,
and STDs
Epidemiology,
disease spread,
public health
II
Detecting
antigens
Pregnancy, drug, GMO and
allergen tests
Air food and water testing
Influenza, HIV, smallpox,
West Nile and Flu viruses
Uses for
antibodies in
research,
medicine, and
consumer goods
III
Detecting
antibodies
in serum
HIV, Lyme disease,
trichinosis, West Nile
virus, and Flu virus
Detecting
exposure to
disease causing
agents
43. Webinars • Enzyme Kinetics — A Biofuels Case Study
• Real-Time PCR — What You Need To Know
and Why You Should Teach It!
• Proteins — Where DNA Takes on Form and
Function
• From plants to sequence: a six week
college biology lab course
• From singleplex to multiplex: making the
most out of your realtime experiments
explorer.bio-rad.comSupportWebinars