Elephants live in family groups called herds led by the oldest female, the matriarch. They communicate using low frequency sounds inaudible to humans. Elephants are the largest living land animals, with African bush elephants weighing up to 13,000 pounds. They use their trunks for tasks like eating, drinking, and touching, and males also use tusks for defense, digging, and boring.

1. ELEPHANT
by: Gul Muhammad
FVAS Gomal University DI Khan Pk

2. Classification

3. ELEPHANT
Largest living land mammals.
At birth calf weigh about 100 kg (225 pounds).
Gestation period 20 to 22 months (640__660 days).
Longest gestation period among land animals.

4. Conti….
Male elephants are called bulls.
 Females are called cows.
A Baby elephant is called calf.
Group of elephants is called herd.
The oldest mother in group is called
matriarch.

5. Conti…
In the wild, elephants have
strong family relationship
They "talk" to each other with very
low sounds.
Most elephants sounds are so low, people
cannot hear them. But elephants can hear
these sounds far away.
Elephants have strong, leathery skin to protect
themselves.

6. Species of Elephants
 African bush elephant
 African forest elephant
 Asian elephant.

7. Mass
Asian elephant: 12,000 lbs,
African bush elephant: 13,000 lbs,
 African forest elephant: 6,000 lbs

8. Life span
: Asian elephant: 48 years
 African bush elephant: 60 – 70 years
African forest elephant: 60 – 70 years

9. Height
Asian elephant: 8.9 ft
 African bush elephant: 11 ft
African forest elephant: 8.2 ft

10. Comparison of African and Asiatic elephant

12. Facts about elephant
 Elephants live in family groups called HERDS.
 Male elephant called bulls and females are
called cows
 Herds are made up of all the mother
elephants and their babies.
 The oldest mother is called the MATRIARCH
who is the leader of the herd.
 Female elephants stay in their herds for life,
but the male elephants leave between the
ages of 7 and 12.

13. Elephants love and support their families just as
we do.
A baby elephant is called a calf.
When born stand only 3 ft tall.
Stay very close to their mothers for the first few
months.
Start to eat plants from about four months.
Drink mother milk for about 2 years
 At first, baby elephants do not know how to
use their trunks and can even step on them.

14. From 6-8 months, they learn to use their
trunk to eat and drink and by the time
they are a year old, they can use their
trunks very well.

15. Food and water
 Plant eaters or HERBIVORES.
 Eat leaves, roots, grasses, bark and fruits.
 Spend 16-20 hours a day eating.
 Use their trunks to get fruit and leaves.
 They use their trunks to pull down trees .
 An adult can eat 300 lbs. (136 kg) of food in a
day, according to the National Geographic

16. Elephants drink water only once or twice
a day.
Elephants drink 25-50 gallons of water a
day so they depend on available water
sources in their habitat.

17. Dung of elephant
Elephants can leave behind almost 300
pounds of dung every day!

18. Elephant legs are Graviportal
Elephant walks on 5 toes & heel pad.
Elephants move long distances for food,
for water, for sex, maybe for fun.
Elephants don’t run mostly.
Typical elephant walk is like brisk human
walk.
Fastest walk is like top human sprint.

19. Trunk
The trunk, or proboscis, is a fusion of the nose
and upper lip.
The trunk is elongated and specialized to
become the elephant's most important
appendage.
 It contains up to 150,000 separate muscle
fascicles, with no bone and little fat.

20. Uses of trunk
 As a tool
 Grazing & browsing
 Manipulating objects
 Moving water
 As a sense organ
 Touch
 Smell
 As a social-signaling organ
 A trumpet that amplifies vocalizations
 A bearer of visual signals
 A touch-communicator

21. Tusks
Tusks are elongated, continuously growing
front teeth.
They are most commonly canine teeth
Male tusks are larger than female
Weight of tusks is about 50 kg.

22. Function of tusks
Use in defense against attackers.
For digging
For boring

23. A group of
elephants is called a herd or parade