This document discusses electrostatic charging and the differences between conductors, insulators, and semiconductors. Electrostatic charging is the process by which an insulator or insulated conductor gains a net electric charge. Materials are charged through friction, contact/conduction, induction, or polarization. Conductors allow electric charge to move through them, insulators do not, and semiconductors fall in between. Charging can be demonstrated using an electroscope and is useful in applications like electrostatic precipitation to clean air.

1. “WELCOME”

2. “ELECTROSTATIC
CHARGING”

3. What is ELECTROSTATIC CHARGING?
ELECTROSTATIC
-a term used to emphasize that
relative to each other, the
charges are either stationary or
moving very slowly.

4. - before learning what
charging means, you need
to be able to distinguish
between substances and
their ability to conduct or
transmit electric charge.-
;)

5. “CONDUCTORS”
ARE MATERIALS THAT
PERMIT ELECTRIC
CHARGE TO MOVE FROM
ONE REGION TO
ANOTHER!

6. WHILE..,,
“INSULATORS
”
ARE MATERIALS THAT DO NOT
PERMIT THE PASSAGE OF
CHARGE THROUGH THEM.

7. The properties of conductors and insulators are due
to the structure and electrical nature of atoms.
A general picture is that in conductors, valence electrons of
atoms are loosely bound. As a result, valence electrons can
be easily removed from the atoms and moved about in the
conductor. In insulators, the valence electrons are more
tight and are not readily moving

8. There is no sharp boundary
between materials which are
insulators and those which are
conductors.
All materials can conduct
electricity to some extent.

9. SEMICONDUCTORS
are intermediate class of materials,.
have the ability to conduct charge less
than that of metals(conductors) but
much greater than that of
nonmetals(insulators)

10. The conductivity of semiconductors
can be adjusted by adding certain
types of atomic impurities in varying
concentrations.
The microelectronic revolution that
has transformed our lives in so many
ways due to devices constructed of
semiconducting materials.

11. Relative Magnitude of
Conductivity
MATERIALS
108
107
CONDUCTORS
SILVER
COPPER
ALUMINUM
IRON
MERCURY
CARBON

12. 107
10-9
SEMICONDUCTORS
GERMANIUM
SILICON
10-10
10-12
10-15
INSULATORS
WOOD
GLASS
RUBBER

13. IN THE TABLE..
Some of the common
substances are arranged
roughly in the descending
order of their electrical
conductivities.

14. The characteristics of the electric charge can be
demonstrated using an electroscope.
-a device consisting of a rod with a metallic bulb at one end
and a pair of hanging foil leaves, usually made of gold or
aluminum at the other end. This arrangement is insulated
from its protective glass container by a rubber cork.

15. CHARGING- means gaining or losing electron.
IN GENERAL…
“ELECTROSTATIC CHARGING”
-IS A PROCESS BY WHICH AN
INSULATOR OR AN INSULATED
CONDUCTOR RECEIVES A NET
CHARGE.
Charging can be done by:
• FRICTION
• CONTACT OR CONDUCTION
• INDUCTION AND;
• POLARIZATION!

16. “FRICTION”
When you rub one material to another, they are charged
by friction. Material losing electron is positively charged and
material gaining electron is negatively charged. Amount of
gained and lost electron is equal to each other. In other
words, we can say that charges of the system are conserved.
When you rub glass rod to a silk, glass lose electron and
positively charged and silk gain electron and negatively
charge.

17. “CONDUCTION”
• .The process of charging that
requires contact between the
neutral body and the charged
object. It produces similar object.
• Refers to the way of charge
during the short period of time
the electrons move.

18. For example:
A negatively charged rod is brought in contact
with neutral electroscope.
Charges are transferred to the bulb and the
electroscope becomes negatively charged.
When a negatively charged rod is again
brought closer to the bulb, the metal leaves separate
further because the rod repels the electrons ; but when a
positively charge rod is brought near the bulb, the rod
attracts electrons and the leaves collapse.
By touching the bulb w/ finger, the
electroscopes becomes(+) charged because the action
causes grounding of the electroscopes that provides a
path by w/c electrons can escape the bulb.

19. Thus, when a negatively charged
rod is brought close to the bulb, the rod
repels from the bulb into the finger and
down into the earth.
When the finger is removed
while the charged rod is kept closely ,
the electroscope is left with a positive
charged because the removed electrons
have no means of flowing back once the
ground path is removed.

21. “INDUCTION”
A process of charging that
does not require contact but
does require the presence of a
ground.
It produce opposite charges.

23. “POLARIZATION”
 or separation of charge explains how a
balloon will stick to the wall or ceiling after it
was rubbed on your hair or sweater.
In the image above, the balloon collected negative charges
from the sweater. When placed near the right wall, the
negative charges repel, polarizing the wall and attracting the
balloon.

24. In variety applications, electrostatic
charging is beneficial. For instance, the
air we breathe is cleaner because of
electrostatic precipitation-
-where an electric field exerts a
force on charge ash as it ascends a
smoke attack, so that much of it is
collected in the stack; hence , does not
enter and pollute the atmosphere.

25. “THE END”
THANK YOU.,
HOPE YOU
UNDERSTAND!
PREPARED BY:
LOUIE ANN ABDON