Electrophoresis: Electrophoresis is separation technique based on movement of charge particle in an electric field. Movement of charge particles can be determined by following formula-- V= Eq/f Where, V= Velocity of the charged particle; E= electric field of the molecule; q= Net charge of the molecule; and f= Frictional co-efficient of the molecule Types of electrophoresis: 1. Agarose gel electrophoresis ; 2. Poly-acryl amide gel electrophoresis [PAGE]; 3. Sodium do-decyl sulphate Poly- acrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS-PAGE] ; 4. Two dimensional –Poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis [2D-PAGE]; 5. Pulse field gel electrophoresis [PFGE]; 6. Capillary gel electrophoresis [CGE]; and 7. Disc electrophoresis for Protein. Application of electrophoresis: 1. Estimation of the DNA molecule.[ Agarose , PAGE ] 2. Analysis of PCR product. [ Agarose ] 3. Separation of restricted genomic DNA and RNA. [Agarose and PAGE respectively] 4. Conformation of newly isolated DNA .[Agarose] 5. Separation of most small fragments of DNA. [PAGE] 6. In forensic science.[Agarose , PAGE, SDS-PAGE, 2D PAGE ,Capillary gel electrophoresis , PFGE] 8. In determining molecular wt. of protein.[SDS-PAGE].etc