The document provides an outline for a course on electronics design certification. It includes 13 topics that cover fundamental electronics concepts like signals, amplifiers, semiconductors, transistors, operational amplifiers, and digital circuits. It also describes the benefits of the certification, including career enhancement for engineering graduates and professionals in the growing Indian electronics industry.
Advanced Braille System-Communication Device for Blind-Deaf PeopleIRJET Journal
This document describes a communication device that allows blind-deaf people to send and receive SMS messages independently. The device uses Braille as an interface, representing letters as vibrations from small motors. It contains an Arduino, GSM module, LCD, buzzer, vibrator motors and keypad. To receive a message, the device reads the SMS using AT commands, converts letters to Braille vibrations and displays the text on the LCD. To send a message, the user enters text through the keypad which is converted to SMS and sent via the GSM module. The system aims to improve communication access for physically impaired users.
This document provides a summary of an individual's qualifications and experience in digital and analog VLSI design. It includes their educational background with an M.Tech from IIT Roorkee and B.Tech from Jaipur Engineering College. Research publications and projects are listed, including developing a Verilog-A compact model for vertical silicon nanowire device simulation and standard cell library development for a 15nm technology node. Relevant skills include HSPICE, Verilog-A, Verilog, C programming, and digital and analog VLSI courses.
ezone is a technical center that provides training programs in electronics, PCB design, microcontrollers, embedded systems, robotics, VLSI, MATLAB, and other tools. The training programs are designed to fill the gap between engineering education and industry requirements. ezone follows a "learning by doing" approach, and many past students have been placed at companies like HCL, Flextronics, Foxconn, and HTC. ezone has signed MoUs for technical support with companies in Chennai and Bangalore. It provides regular courses in basics of electronics, PCB design, embedded systems, robotics, internships, and VLSI, as well as special courses in electronics, IT, and other topics. e
Vskills certification for Underwriter assesses the candidate as per the company’s need for underwriting and its management. The certification tests the candidates on various areas in underwriting process and basics, product design, pricing of product, underwriting in India, SEBI laws and trends in claim management.
Vskills certification for Jabber Professional assesses the candidate as per the company’s need for providing instant messaging related application for customer service or internal communication. The certification tests the candidates on various areas in IM and Jabber basics, installing, deploying and configuring the Jabber server, server architecture, Jabber Namespaces, User Registration, authorization, using messages, presence and Groupchat.
Vskills certification for Futures Trader assesses the candidate as per the company’s need for options and futures trading. The certification tests the candidates on various areas in futures markets basics, VaR, pricing of futures contracts, investment assets, stochastic interest rates, hedging, short-term interest rate futures, t-bills, long-term interest rate futures, foreign exchange futures and stock index futures.
Network Security Open Source Software Developer CertificationVskills
Vskills certification for Network Security Open Source Software Developer assesses the candidate as per the company’s need for network security software development. The certification tests the candidates on various areas in writing Plug-ins for nessus, ettercap network sniffer, Nikto vulnerability scanner, extending hydra and nmap, writing modules for the Metasploit framework, extending Webroot, writing network sniffers and packet-injection tools.
A digital citizen is defined as "those who use the Internet regularly and effectively". In qualifying as a digital citizen, a person generally must have extensive skills and knowledge in using the Internet through computers, mobile phones, and web-ready devices.
Advanced Braille System-Communication Device for Blind-Deaf PeopleIRJET Journal
This document describes a communication device that allows blind-deaf people to send and receive SMS messages independently. The device uses Braille as an interface, representing letters as vibrations from small motors. It contains an Arduino, GSM module, LCD, buzzer, vibrator motors and keypad. To receive a message, the device reads the SMS using AT commands, converts letters to Braille vibrations and displays the text on the LCD. To send a message, the user enters text through the keypad which is converted to SMS and sent via the GSM module. The system aims to improve communication access for physically impaired users.
This document provides a summary of an individual's qualifications and experience in digital and analog VLSI design. It includes their educational background with an M.Tech from IIT Roorkee and B.Tech from Jaipur Engineering College. Research publications and projects are listed, including developing a Verilog-A compact model for vertical silicon nanowire device simulation and standard cell library development for a 15nm technology node. Relevant skills include HSPICE, Verilog-A, Verilog, C programming, and digital and analog VLSI courses.
ezone is a technical center that provides training programs in electronics, PCB design, microcontrollers, embedded systems, robotics, VLSI, MATLAB, and other tools. The training programs are designed to fill the gap between engineering education and industry requirements. ezone follows a "learning by doing" approach, and many past students have been placed at companies like HCL, Flextronics, Foxconn, and HTC. ezone has signed MoUs for technical support with companies in Chennai and Bangalore. It provides regular courses in basics of electronics, PCB design, embedded systems, robotics, internships, and VLSI, as well as special courses in electronics, IT, and other topics. e
Vskills certification for Underwriter assesses the candidate as per the company’s need for underwriting and its management. The certification tests the candidates on various areas in underwriting process and basics, product design, pricing of product, underwriting in India, SEBI laws and trends in claim management.
Vskills certification for Jabber Professional assesses the candidate as per the company’s need for providing instant messaging related application for customer service or internal communication. The certification tests the candidates on various areas in IM and Jabber basics, installing, deploying and configuring the Jabber server, server architecture, Jabber Namespaces, User Registration, authorization, using messages, presence and Groupchat.
Vskills certification for Futures Trader assesses the candidate as per the company’s need for options and futures trading. The certification tests the candidates on various areas in futures markets basics, VaR, pricing of futures contracts, investment assets, stochastic interest rates, hedging, short-term interest rate futures, t-bills, long-term interest rate futures, foreign exchange futures and stock index futures.
Network Security Open Source Software Developer CertificationVskills
Vskills certification for Network Security Open Source Software Developer assesses the candidate as per the company’s need for network security software development. The certification tests the candidates on various areas in writing Plug-ins for nessus, ettercap network sniffer, Nikto vulnerability scanner, extending hydra and nmap, writing modules for the Metasploit framework, extending Webroot, writing network sniffers and packet-injection tools.
A digital citizen is defined as "those who use the Internet regularly and effectively". In qualifying as a digital citizen, a person generally must have extensive skills and knowledge in using the Internet through computers, mobile phones, and web-ready devices.
This document is an introduction to a textbook on digital electronics. It covers the following topics:
- The document contains 7 chapters that cover basic concepts, combinational logic devices, sequential logic devices, computational devices, memory devices, and peripheral devices.
- The goal is for the reader to gain a theoretical understanding of digital electronics and how it is applied industrially using real-world devices.
- Digital electronics is based on electricity, switching electronics, and binary algebra. An understanding of these topics is required to study digital electronics.
- Digital systems are constructed using basic elements that are combined in organized ways to create more complex systems, similar to how more complex mechanical devices are built from simple components.
IRJET - Design and Implementation of RF based Wireless Home Automation SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a wireless home automation system using RF technology. The system allows users to remotely control home appliances such as lights and electrical outlets. It consists of an RF transmitter connected to a microcontroller that sends ON/OFF signals to an RF receiver. The receiver is connected to relays that control the loads. The system uses HT-12E and HT-12D ICs to encode and decode signals transmitted between the RF modules. The design aims to provide a low-cost and easy to use solution for remote home automation through wireless RF signals.
IRJET- Password based Circuit Breaker using DTMFIRJET Journal
This document describes a password-based circuit breaker system that uses dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) technology. The system is designed to provide safety for maintenance staff working on live electrical lines. It uses a DTMF decoder integrated with a microcontroller and relays to allow loads to be turned on or off remotely using passwords dialed from a mobile phone. The system was simulated using Proteus software and implemented on a printed circuit board. It provides a solution that ensures safety and security by only allowing authorized people who know the passwords to control the circuit breaker.
FINGERPRINT BASED ATM SYSTEM...............DeepakK547422
This document describes a fingerprint-based ATM system that uses fingerprint scanning as authentication for transactions. The system stores users' fingerprint data in an Aadhaar database. During transactions, the user's fingerprint is scanned and matched against the stored data. If a match is found, the transaction is completed. Otherwise, the transaction is cancelled for security. The document outlines the proposed system design, including modules for fingerprint scanning, iris detection, database storage, and transaction authorization based on biometric authentication. It concludes that the fingerprint-based system allows for secure and easy-to-use ATM transactions.
Speed control of single phase induction motor by android bluetoothIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a system to control the speed of a single-phase induction motor remotely using an Android device over Bluetooth.
2. An Android application connects to a Bluetooth modem interfaced with an AVR microcontroller to send speed control commands.
3. The microcontroller decodes the signals and sends them to an opto-coupler to activate the TRIAC firing angle control circuit, changing the motor speed.
This document is a project report submitted by four students at the Institute of Engineering and Technology in Lucknow, India. It describes their work to improve the gain of an operational amplifier designed using 90nm technology. The students declare that the work is original and was conducted under the guidance of Dr. Tanmay Dubey. The report includes an abstract, introduction on operational amplifiers, description of the CMOS design process, simulation results, and conclusions on matching calculations to simulations. The head of the electronics department certifies that the project fulfills requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree.
Electrical Rule Check Verification Methodology For SoCIRJET Journal
This document discusses electrical rule check (ERC) verification methodology for system-on-chip (SoC) designs. ERC is performed at the full chip level to verify that primitives are placed in the correct power domains and to avoid functional or reliability issues. ERC checks for violations related to device domains/power connections and floating nodes. Powerup sequence simulation is also performed using Finesim to analyze the powerup sequence of different modules in the full chip design when power is applied. The ERC methodology involves generating a SPICE netlist, setting up ERC parameters, loading an ERC tool to detect violations, and reviewing the results. Powerup simulation ensures modules respond accurately during power application.
Iaetsd design and simulation of high speed cmos full adder (2)Iaetsd Iaetsd
The document describes the design and simulation of high speed CMOS full adders. It analyzes different logic styles for full adder design including SR-CPL and transmission gate styles. Simulation results show that the transmission gate full adder has lower power dissipation of 4.876595e-008 watts compared to 2.309128e-005 watts for the SR-CPL full adder, demonstrating that transmission gate style is better for low power applications.
IOT Vehicle Fuel Theft Detection System Using Arduino.pptxDeepakK547422
This document describes an IOT vehicle fuel theft detection system using Arduino that detects fuel theft and sends an alert. It uses a level sensor to detect the fuel level, and if it drops below a threshold, a buzzer is activated. The system is deactivated while the ignition is on to prevent false alarms while driving. If fuel theft is detected, data is sent over the internet to a website. The system aims to help vehicle owners detect fuel theft in their vehicles and prevent the problem.
Android Based Voice Controlled Smart WheelchairIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a voice controlled smart wheelchair system using an Android device. Sensors like temperature, LPG, and contact sensors are used to detect fires and monitor doors.
2) The wheelchair is controlled via voice commands to the Android device which are transmitted via Bluetooth to a microcontroller. The microcontroller controls DC motors and other devices like lights based on the voice commands.
3) The system aims to help physically disabled users navigate independently using voice. It provides a low-cost alternative to existing systems using technologies like Zigbee.
Talking about Definition of Digital Circuit, How Digital Circuit Works, Types of Digital Circuit and Examples of Electronic Equipment using Digital Circuit.
IRJET- A Review: To Design Efficient 32 Bits Carry Select Adder by using ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the design of an efficient 32-bit carry select adder using a Brent Kung adder. It begins by discussing how the structure of an adder affects its speed. Brent Kung adders are considered one of the fastest structures as they use a logarithmic concept. The paper then proposes a design for a high-performance, low-power 32-bit carry select adder implemented using a Brent Kung adder. It analyzes the power and delay of this design compared to other adder architectures. Results show the modified 32-bit carry select adder design performs better in terms of lower power and delay.
This Weeks Material for the 4MAT Writing AssignmentLecture and lect.docxjuliennehar
This Week's Material for the 4MAT Writing AssignmentLecture and lecture slidesThe wikipedia article on EE branches and vocation outline listed belowLast week's catalog section on BSEE Degree requirements (or equivalent if you are not an EE student) for review as neededReading
Wikipedia Outline of Electrical Engineering, and others as you link off to other material of interest
Review from last week: <BSEE Degree Requirements (2019)>, about a third the way down the page after "Other Required Courses" (EE 400D, EE 430, EE 430L), the section: "Select one of the following 12-unit elective sequences" lists the concentrations. Each contains a Capstone Senior Design Course focusing on Design in that concentration and allowable sequence electives and technical elective the paragraph after EE 430L near the bottom. Current Areas listed are: Communications, Control, Digital Signal Processing, Electronics, and Power. The Customized Elective Sequence listed at the end should not be considered because it is an uncommon special case that might be approved only for a student working on a faculty supervised project.Planning ResourcesSee links at end of this week's presentationConcentration for BSE
Investigate prerequisites and semester offerings to plan your concentration of choice including the design experience capstone, preferred sequence electives and the remaining technical elective (12 units).
Write a 4MAT covering what you learned about your your selected concentration from the presentation and wikipedia article(s). In part 2, reflect on your interests in that concentration area and why you chose it. Part 3 is questions you still have about the concentration, coursework supporting it, and/or types of employment available for that concentration. Part 4 is a concise and specific action plan based on what you have learned about your chosen concentration and should indicate what semesters you plan to take each of the courses in your 12-unit concentration.
For example: Summer 2020 EE 442, Fall 2020 EE 452, Spring 2021 EE 453 and 458
Please be sure to verify that you will meet the prerequsites and that the courses are offered the semesters you specify (check the most recent Fall, Spring, and Summer schedules). Your degree planner can help you on prerequisite checking.
Homework 3
Student name
Part 1:
My concentration is on signal processing and through reading the wikipedia outline i have learned a lot about the history and applications of this concentration from the article. Signal processing has many categories such as (analog, continuous time, discrete time ,digital , non-linear and statistical)
Analog is the simplest form of signal processing its non digitized form of signals and its one of the most common types of signal processing found in phones and radios.
Continuous time signals is dealing with ever changing domains for signals its used into making programs for modeling time relevant systems.
Discrete time signals is type of signals tha ...
The document provides the scheme of examination for the 5th and 6th semester of the Bachelor of Engineering program in Electronics Engineering.
It outlines the subjects to be studied in each semester, including Switching Theory & Automata, Microprocessor & Microcontrollers, Analog Circuits & Design, Communication Electronics, Industrial Economics & Entrepreneurship Development, Microwave Engineering, Digital Signal Processing, Control System Engineering, and Digital Communication.
For each subject, it provides the details of theory and practical components including credits, workload, internal and university assessment marks distributions, and exam durations. The document also includes the objectives and outcomes of some of the subjects.
IRJET- Design and Implement Mechanism for Efficient Energy Meter using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed smart electricity meter system using IoT. The system would automate the manual process of monthly electricity bill calculation and reading. Sensors in the electricity meter would collect real-time energy consumption data and send it wirelessly to a centralized system. This would make the billing process more accurate and efficient by eliminating human error. It could also provide load monitoring to strengthen the electricity distribution system based on usage patterns. The proposed system aims to reduce costs for utilities while providing users with more control over their electricity usage and billing.
- Embedded systems are specialized computer systems that are part of larger machines and devices to control them. They are commonly microcontroller-based boards integrated with the device's development. Examples include appliances, watches, vehicles.
- The document discusses various electrical, biomedical, VLSI, networking, web application, wireless, Android, .NET, and robotics engineering projects for students. It provides examples of projects involving power factor correction, high voltage conversion, motor control, medical devices, microchip design, network simulation, and autonomous robots.
- The goal is to provide real-world engineering project ideas across different domains to help students with their academic work and gain industry-relevant skills.
1. The document describes a VLSI design flow for a digital integrated circuit from specification to logic synthesis. It uses a 4-bit ripple carry adder example to explain the steps.
2. The steps are: specification, high-level synthesis to RTL, logic synthesis to gates, and backend physical design. High-level synthesis schedules operations and binds variables and operations to hardware units like adders and registers.
3. Logic synthesis derives Boolean equations from the RTL and implements them with logic gates. Equivalence checking is done between each step and the original specification.
1) Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) is an advanced function generator that can generate a wide range of frequencies with high precision and low distortion.
2) A DDS uses a fixed clock frequency and phase accumulator to generate waveforms at different output frequencies. It stores waveform points in a lookup table and outputs approximations of the waveform.
3) DDS has advantages over traditional function generators as it can easily change frequency using only digital controls and has applications in signal generation, mixing, and frequency synthesis.
Vskills certified administrative support professional sample materialVskills
Office administration involves activities related to financial planning, record keeping, billing, personnel management, and logistics within an organization. An office administrator plays a key role ensuring these administrative activities run efficiently. The duties of an office administrator vary depending on the employer but can include managing budgets, human resources, records, and supervising other employees. Common office administration roles include receptionists, administrative assistants, personal assistants, executive assistants, and office managers. As the office workplace has evolved, the role of the office administrator has shifted from primarily secretarial duties to being a strategic professional focused on improving office efficiency.
vskills customer service professional sample materialVskills
The document discusses customer service and customer handling. It defines customer service as activities designed to enhance customer satisfaction by meeting expectations. Poor customer service can cost a company more to acquire new customers than retain existing ones. Customers want quality products/services at fair prices and to feel satisfied. Good customer service includes listening to understand customer needs, answering problems promptly, and making customers feel heard and their issues addressed. Building relationships with customers through frequent communication, addressing complaints, and rewarding customers can help with customer retention.
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Similar to electronics design associate certification
This document is an introduction to a textbook on digital electronics. It covers the following topics:
- The document contains 7 chapters that cover basic concepts, combinational logic devices, sequential logic devices, computational devices, memory devices, and peripheral devices.
- The goal is for the reader to gain a theoretical understanding of digital electronics and how it is applied industrially using real-world devices.
- Digital electronics is based on electricity, switching electronics, and binary algebra. An understanding of these topics is required to study digital electronics.
- Digital systems are constructed using basic elements that are combined in organized ways to create more complex systems, similar to how more complex mechanical devices are built from simple components.
IRJET - Design and Implementation of RF based Wireless Home Automation SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a wireless home automation system using RF technology. The system allows users to remotely control home appliances such as lights and electrical outlets. It consists of an RF transmitter connected to a microcontroller that sends ON/OFF signals to an RF receiver. The receiver is connected to relays that control the loads. The system uses HT-12E and HT-12D ICs to encode and decode signals transmitted between the RF modules. The design aims to provide a low-cost and easy to use solution for remote home automation through wireless RF signals.
IRJET- Password based Circuit Breaker using DTMFIRJET Journal
This document describes a password-based circuit breaker system that uses dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) technology. The system is designed to provide safety for maintenance staff working on live electrical lines. It uses a DTMF decoder integrated with a microcontroller and relays to allow loads to be turned on or off remotely using passwords dialed from a mobile phone. The system was simulated using Proteus software and implemented on a printed circuit board. It provides a solution that ensures safety and security by only allowing authorized people who know the passwords to control the circuit breaker.
FINGERPRINT BASED ATM SYSTEM...............DeepakK547422
This document describes a fingerprint-based ATM system that uses fingerprint scanning as authentication for transactions. The system stores users' fingerprint data in an Aadhaar database. During transactions, the user's fingerprint is scanned and matched against the stored data. If a match is found, the transaction is completed. Otherwise, the transaction is cancelled for security. The document outlines the proposed system design, including modules for fingerprint scanning, iris detection, database storage, and transaction authorization based on biometric authentication. It concludes that the fingerprint-based system allows for secure and easy-to-use ATM transactions.
Speed control of single phase induction motor by android bluetoothIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a system to control the speed of a single-phase induction motor remotely using an Android device over Bluetooth.
2. An Android application connects to a Bluetooth modem interfaced with an AVR microcontroller to send speed control commands.
3. The microcontroller decodes the signals and sends them to an opto-coupler to activate the TRIAC firing angle control circuit, changing the motor speed.
This document is a project report submitted by four students at the Institute of Engineering and Technology in Lucknow, India. It describes their work to improve the gain of an operational amplifier designed using 90nm technology. The students declare that the work is original and was conducted under the guidance of Dr. Tanmay Dubey. The report includes an abstract, introduction on operational amplifiers, description of the CMOS design process, simulation results, and conclusions on matching calculations to simulations. The head of the electronics department certifies that the project fulfills requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree.
Electrical Rule Check Verification Methodology For SoCIRJET Journal
This document discusses electrical rule check (ERC) verification methodology for system-on-chip (SoC) designs. ERC is performed at the full chip level to verify that primitives are placed in the correct power domains and to avoid functional or reliability issues. ERC checks for violations related to device domains/power connections and floating nodes. Powerup sequence simulation is also performed using Finesim to analyze the powerup sequence of different modules in the full chip design when power is applied. The ERC methodology involves generating a SPICE netlist, setting up ERC parameters, loading an ERC tool to detect violations, and reviewing the results. Powerup simulation ensures modules respond accurately during power application.
Iaetsd design and simulation of high speed cmos full adder (2)Iaetsd Iaetsd
The document describes the design and simulation of high speed CMOS full adders. It analyzes different logic styles for full adder design including SR-CPL and transmission gate styles. Simulation results show that the transmission gate full adder has lower power dissipation of 4.876595e-008 watts compared to 2.309128e-005 watts for the SR-CPL full adder, demonstrating that transmission gate style is better for low power applications.
IOT Vehicle Fuel Theft Detection System Using Arduino.pptxDeepakK547422
This document describes an IOT vehicle fuel theft detection system using Arduino that detects fuel theft and sends an alert. It uses a level sensor to detect the fuel level, and if it drops below a threshold, a buzzer is activated. The system is deactivated while the ignition is on to prevent false alarms while driving. If fuel theft is detected, data is sent over the internet to a website. The system aims to help vehicle owners detect fuel theft in their vehicles and prevent the problem.
Android Based Voice Controlled Smart WheelchairIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a voice controlled smart wheelchair system using an Android device. Sensors like temperature, LPG, and contact sensors are used to detect fires and monitor doors.
2) The wheelchair is controlled via voice commands to the Android device which are transmitted via Bluetooth to a microcontroller. The microcontroller controls DC motors and other devices like lights based on the voice commands.
3) The system aims to help physically disabled users navigate independently using voice. It provides a low-cost alternative to existing systems using technologies like Zigbee.
Talking about Definition of Digital Circuit, How Digital Circuit Works, Types of Digital Circuit and Examples of Electronic Equipment using Digital Circuit.
IRJET- A Review: To Design Efficient 32 Bits Carry Select Adder by using ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the design of an efficient 32-bit carry select adder using a Brent Kung adder. It begins by discussing how the structure of an adder affects its speed. Brent Kung adders are considered one of the fastest structures as they use a logarithmic concept. The paper then proposes a design for a high-performance, low-power 32-bit carry select adder implemented using a Brent Kung adder. It analyzes the power and delay of this design compared to other adder architectures. Results show the modified 32-bit carry select adder design performs better in terms of lower power and delay.
This Weeks Material for the 4MAT Writing AssignmentLecture and lect.docxjuliennehar
This Week's Material for the 4MAT Writing AssignmentLecture and lecture slidesThe wikipedia article on EE branches and vocation outline listed belowLast week's catalog section on BSEE Degree requirements (or equivalent if you are not an EE student) for review as neededReading
Wikipedia Outline of Electrical Engineering, and others as you link off to other material of interest
Review from last week: <BSEE Degree Requirements (2019)>, about a third the way down the page after "Other Required Courses" (EE 400D, EE 430, EE 430L), the section: "Select one of the following 12-unit elective sequences" lists the concentrations. Each contains a Capstone Senior Design Course focusing on Design in that concentration and allowable sequence electives and technical elective the paragraph after EE 430L near the bottom. Current Areas listed are: Communications, Control, Digital Signal Processing, Electronics, and Power. The Customized Elective Sequence listed at the end should not be considered because it is an uncommon special case that might be approved only for a student working on a faculty supervised project.Planning ResourcesSee links at end of this week's presentationConcentration for BSE
Investigate prerequisites and semester offerings to plan your concentration of choice including the design experience capstone, preferred sequence electives and the remaining technical elective (12 units).
Write a 4MAT covering what you learned about your your selected concentration from the presentation and wikipedia article(s). In part 2, reflect on your interests in that concentration area and why you chose it. Part 3 is questions you still have about the concentration, coursework supporting it, and/or types of employment available for that concentration. Part 4 is a concise and specific action plan based on what you have learned about your chosen concentration and should indicate what semesters you plan to take each of the courses in your 12-unit concentration.
For example: Summer 2020 EE 442, Fall 2020 EE 452, Spring 2021 EE 453 and 458
Please be sure to verify that you will meet the prerequsites and that the courses are offered the semesters you specify (check the most recent Fall, Spring, and Summer schedules). Your degree planner can help you on prerequisite checking.
Homework 3
Student name
Part 1:
My concentration is on signal processing and through reading the wikipedia outline i have learned a lot about the history and applications of this concentration from the article. Signal processing has many categories such as (analog, continuous time, discrete time ,digital , non-linear and statistical)
Analog is the simplest form of signal processing its non digitized form of signals and its one of the most common types of signal processing found in phones and radios.
Continuous time signals is dealing with ever changing domains for signals its used into making programs for modeling time relevant systems.
Discrete time signals is type of signals tha ...
The document provides the scheme of examination for the 5th and 6th semester of the Bachelor of Engineering program in Electronics Engineering.
It outlines the subjects to be studied in each semester, including Switching Theory & Automata, Microprocessor & Microcontrollers, Analog Circuits & Design, Communication Electronics, Industrial Economics & Entrepreneurship Development, Microwave Engineering, Digital Signal Processing, Control System Engineering, and Digital Communication.
For each subject, it provides the details of theory and practical components including credits, workload, internal and university assessment marks distributions, and exam durations. The document also includes the objectives and outcomes of some of the subjects.
IRJET- Design and Implement Mechanism for Efficient Energy Meter using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed smart electricity meter system using IoT. The system would automate the manual process of monthly electricity bill calculation and reading. Sensors in the electricity meter would collect real-time energy consumption data and send it wirelessly to a centralized system. This would make the billing process more accurate and efficient by eliminating human error. It could also provide load monitoring to strengthen the electricity distribution system based on usage patterns. The proposed system aims to reduce costs for utilities while providing users with more control over their electricity usage and billing.
- Embedded systems are specialized computer systems that are part of larger machines and devices to control them. They are commonly microcontroller-based boards integrated with the device's development. Examples include appliances, watches, vehicles.
- The document discusses various electrical, biomedical, VLSI, networking, web application, wireless, Android, .NET, and robotics engineering projects for students. It provides examples of projects involving power factor correction, high voltage conversion, motor control, medical devices, microchip design, network simulation, and autonomous robots.
- The goal is to provide real-world engineering project ideas across different domains to help students with their academic work and gain industry-relevant skills.
1. The document describes a VLSI design flow for a digital integrated circuit from specification to logic synthesis. It uses a 4-bit ripple carry adder example to explain the steps.
2. The steps are: specification, high-level synthesis to RTL, logic synthesis to gates, and backend physical design. High-level synthesis schedules operations and binds variables and operations to hardware units like adders and registers.
3. Logic synthesis derives Boolean equations from the RTL and implements them with logic gates. Equivalence checking is done between each step and the original specification.
1) Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) is an advanced function generator that can generate a wide range of frequencies with high precision and low distortion.
2) A DDS uses a fixed clock frequency and phase accumulator to generate waveforms at different output frequencies. It stores waveform points in a lookup table and outputs approximations of the waveform.
3) DDS has advantages over traditional function generators as it can easily change frequency using only digital controls and has applications in signal generation, mixing, and frequency synthesis.
Similar to electronics design associate certification (20)
Vskills certified administrative support professional sample materialVskills
Office administration involves activities related to financial planning, record keeping, billing, personnel management, and logistics within an organization. An office administrator plays a key role ensuring these administrative activities run efficiently. The duties of an office administrator vary depending on the employer but can include managing budgets, human resources, records, and supervising other employees. Common office administration roles include receptionists, administrative assistants, personal assistants, executive assistants, and office managers. As the office workplace has evolved, the role of the office administrator has shifted from primarily secretarial duties to being a strategic professional focused on improving office efficiency.
vskills customer service professional sample materialVskills
The document discusses customer service and customer handling. It defines customer service as activities designed to enhance customer satisfaction by meeting expectations. Poor customer service can cost a company more to acquire new customers than retain existing ones. Customers want quality products/services at fair prices and to feel satisfied. Good customer service includes listening to understand customer needs, answering problems promptly, and making customers feel heard and their issues addressed. Building relationships with customers through frequent communication, addressing complaints, and rewarding customers can help with customer retention.
The document provides an overview of operations management. It defines operations management as the business function responsible for managing the resources and processes involved in producing a company's goods and services. This includes planning, organizing and controlling activities such as procurement, manufacturing and distribution. The key objectives of operations management are to provide high quality customer service while efficiently utilizing resources. Operations management transforms various inputs like materials, labor and equipment into outputs that add value for customers through systematic processes.
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Six Sigma is a data-driven approach to process improvement that focuses on reducing variability in processes by identifying and eliminating defects. It involves applying statistical methods and tools to measure a process's performance, systematically analyze sources of defects and variability, and implement solutions. Six Sigma follows five phases known as DMAIC: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. The goal of Six Sigma is to reduce defects to 3.4 defects per million opportunities. Key principles of Six Sigma include having a customer focus, identifying root causes of problems, eliminating sources of variation, using a team-based approach, being flexible, and taking a thorough problem-solving approach.
Vskills production and operations management sample materialVskills
Operations management is the process of managing the resources which are necessary to produce a company's goods or services. It involves planning, organizing and controlling these resources. The key functions are operations and supply chains on the supply side, and sales and marketing on the demand side. The ideal goal is to achieve an economic match between supply and demand. Operations management has evolved over time from a focus on efficiency to also emphasizing quality, flexibility and customer responsiveness. New approaches now view technology as a way to improve quality in addition to reducing costs.
vskills leadership skills professional sample materialVskills
This document discusses various leadership styles and theories. It begins by defining leadership and explaining its importance for organizations. It then describes different leadership styles like laissez-faire, autocratic, participative, transactional, transformational, and others. It also discusses leadership theories such as the trait approach, behavioral approach, contingency/situational approach, path-goal theory, and charismatic leadership. Overall, the document provides an overview of key concepts in leadership styles and theoretical frameworks.
Facility management involves maintaining and managing buildings to ensure their functionality. It encompasses functions like operations and maintenance, project management, quality, real estate, and technology. It aims to improve cost-effectiveness, productivity, efficiency, and employee well-being. Facility management is still developing as a profession, working to standardize definitions and bring more awareness to its value. It traces its origins to increased need for interior space planning and now must help organizations adapt quickly to changes. Building services play a key role in facility management, accounting for 30-40% of building costs and influencing sustainability and energy usage.
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The World Trade Organization (WTO) supervises and liberalizes international trade according to agreements signed by member governments. It provides a framework for negotiating trade agreements and resolving disputes. The WTO aims to promote open trade for the benefit of all through principles like non-discrimination, transparency, and binding commitments. It currently has 153 member countries and seeks to facilitate global trade through negotiations like the Doha Round.
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Production planning and control involves planning production activities to meet goals and monitoring execution to minimize deviations. It includes determining required production levels, scheduling work, and setting standards. Control takes corrective action when monitoring finds errors. The document discusses production planning, control, their principles and objectives which include meeting customer demand, ensuring material and equipment availability, and coordinating departments to deliver quality products on time and budget.
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The document discusses purchase management and the purchasing function. It covers the objectives of purchasing which include maintaining continuity of supply, quality standards, and avoiding waste. It also discusses the history of purchase management, functions of the purchase department, methods of purchasing, and purchase organization structures for small businesses and larger companies. Common structures include centralized purchasing where all purchasing reports to one executive, and decentralized purchasing where each facility handles its own purchasing.
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Strategic management involves formulating goals and implementing initiatives based on internal and external environmental assessments. There are four phases to strategic management processes: defining vision/mission/objectives, strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. Strategic decision making considers opportunities/threats and involves committing resources. Mintzberg identified four strategic decision making modes: entrepreneurial, adaptive, planning, and logical incrementalization. Environmental analysis monitors opportunities/threats in the external environment through continuous scanning.
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The document discusses various agile methodologies including Scrum, Extreme Programming, Test Driven Development, Lean, and Kanban. It provides details on Scrum, which is the most popular agile framework. Scrum uses short iterative development cycles called sprints where cross-functional teams work to deliver working software increments. It emphasizes self-organization and adaptive planning. The key roles in Scrum are the Product Owner, Development Team, and Scrum Master.
The document provides an overview of web development basics including web applications, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It discusses how web applications utilize a client-server model with the browser as the client and a web server as the server. It also describes common HTML elements and tags as well as how CSS is used to style web pages. JavaScript is introduced as a programming language that allows dynamic interactivity on web pages.
The document provides an overview of object-oriented programming basics and the C++ language. It discusses the basic components of a computer system including input, processing, and output. It also defines different types of software such as system software, operating systems, application software, utilities, and translators. The document then discusses the evolution and timeline of C++ and the three step process of translating a C++ program which includes writing source code, compiling to an object file, and linking to create an executable file.
The document provides an introduction to C programming, including:
- C is a general-purpose programming language used widely for operating systems and software. It allows for maximum control and efficiency.
- The document outlines the basic elements of C like data types, variables, decision making, loops, functions, and file input/output.
- It also discusses compilers, text editors, and the benefits of understanding C programming at a low level. Understanding C provides insight into how computers work at their basic level.
Vskills financial modelling professional sample materialVskills
This document provides an overview of financial modelling, including:
1. Financial modelling involves creating mathematical representations of a company's financial performance and health over time based on historical data and assumptions. It is used for decision making, valuation, forecasting, and analysis.
2. Financial models project items like revenues, expenses, assets, liabilities, and cash flows. Common approaches include modelling items as a percentage of revenues or based on metrics like days sales outstanding.
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Bank regulations are needed to reduce risk in the banking system and promote stability. The Basel Accords established international capital standards to strengthen banks against losses and reduce competitive imbalances. Basel III further advanced these standards to be more risk-sensitive in response to financial innovation and globalization multiplying banking risks. Bank regulations aim to reduce risk exposure for bank creditors, systemic risk from multiple bank failures, criminal misuse of banks, and ensure fair treatment of customers.
Vskills telecom management professional sample materialVskills
The telecom industry in India has grown rapidly over the past few decades. Major factors contributing to India's growth as a leading telecom market include the entry of private operators in the 1990s, which increased competition. As of 2012, India had nearly 1 billion telephone users and a tele-density of around 80%. The mobile market in particular has seen tremendous growth, with over 900 million subscribers. However, challenges remain such as limited infrastructure in rural areas and declining average revenue per user. The industry is expected to generate over $100 billion in revenue by 2015 and create millions of new jobs.
Vskills retail management professional sample materialVskills
The document defines key terms related to retail supply chains. It provides a reference model that depicts the typical flow of goods from second-tier suppliers to original equipment manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and finally to customers. It defines a supply chain as comprising physical, information, financial, and knowledge flows across multiple linked suppliers that aim to satisfy end user requirements. Supply chain management is defined as the integration of key business processes across organizations to add value for customers. The document emphasizes that supply chains include both forward and reverse flows of goods, information, and money.
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This document provides an overview of contract law. It defines a contract as an agreement that is enforceable by law. The key elements of a valid contract are agreement, lawful consideration, capacity of parties, free consent, certainty and possibility of performance, and intention to create legal relations. The document discusses different types of contracts such as void, voidable, unenforceable, formal and simple contracts. It also provides details about Indian contract law, which is governed by the Indian Contract Act of 1872.
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You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
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Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
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of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
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Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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2. Certified Electronics Design Associate
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CCCCertifiedertifiedertifiedertified Electronics Design AssociateElectronics Design AssociateElectronics Design AssociateElectronics Design Associate
Certification CodeCertification CodeCertification CodeCertification Code VS-1105
The Electronics Design Associate certification is an entry level certification in Electronics
design.
Why should one take this certification?Why should one take this certification?Why should one take this certification?Why should one take this certification?
The Indian Electronics Industry is going through a very exciting time. In last one year, the
Government has announced a slew of policies to accelerate the domestic production of
electronics goods ( ESDM policy 2013). Amongst the broad electronics market, certain
segments that are expected to drive spectacular growth across the value chain are –
Smartphones
Set top boxes
LED lighting
Medical Devices
Tablets
At the current rate of growth and development, the Indian ESDM industry could
potentially employ 2.78 crore by 2020 compared to 44 lakh in 2010. This indicates an
urgency to develop skilled manpower by creating the necessary institutions, providing
infrastructure and encourage collaboration between industry and academia to hone skill
sets. There is a strong need for standardized certification in Electronics to assess the skill
of candidates. A Certified Electronics Design Associate will possess the right skills to the
hiring companies looking to hire in this space.
Who will benefit from taking this certification?Who will benefit from taking this certification?Who will benefit from taking this certification?Who will benefit from taking this certification?
Engineering undergraduates, graduates, ITI and polytechnic undergraduates and graduates,
working professionals in Electronics looking for a career enhancement can take the
Electronics Design Associate Certification.
Test DetailsTest DetailsTest DetailsTest Details
• Duration:Duration:Duration:Duration: 60 minutes
• No. of questioNo. of questioNo. of questioNo. of questions:ns:ns:ns: 50
• Maximum marks:Maximum marks:Maximum marks:Maximum marks: 50, Passing marks: 25 (50%)
There is no negative marking in this module.
Fee StructureFee StructureFee StructureFee Structure
Rs. 4,500/- (Includes all taxes)
3. Certified Electronics Design Associate
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How is this different from other Electronics Certifications?How is this different from other Electronics Certifications?How is this different from other Electronics Certifications?How is this different from other Electronics Certifications?
Most Electronics certifications offer mock tests. In case of Electronics Design Associate
Certification, along with the test, the candidate gets a complete e-book of 13 modules –
edited by well-known industry professionals and online virtual labs to refresh his knowledge
in Electronics.
Companies that hirCompanies that hirCompanies that hirCompanies that hire Vskills Certified Electronics Design Associatee Vskills Certified Electronics Design Associatee Vskills Certified Electronics Design Associatee Vskills Certified Electronics Design Associate
Electronics Design professional are in great demand. Companies specializing in electronic
design business are constantly hiring knowledgeable electronics design professionals.
Various public and private companies also need electronics design professional for
developing electronic products.
4. Certified Electronics Design Associate
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Table of ContentTable of ContentTable of ContentTable of Contentssss
1.1.1.1. Introduction to Signals and SpectraIntroduction to Signals and SpectraIntroduction to Signals and SpectraIntroduction to Signals and Spectra
1.1 This topic briefly introduces the concepts of data , information and signals. It further
describes base band signals followed by the types of signals. Finally it presents a brief
description on spectrum of signals and the frequency spectrum in general.
2.2.2.2. AmplifiersAmplifiersAmplifiersAmplifiers
2.1 This topic initially presents an introduction to a very important concept of
amplification and amplifier circuit. Further a few parameters those characterize and
quantify the performance of an amplifier have been defined. Four types rather models of
amplifiers have been presented based on their input and output signal. Finally frequency
response and bandwidth of an amplifier has been discussed in brief.
3.3.3.3. Semiconductor DiodesSemiconductor DiodesSemiconductor DiodesSemiconductor Diodes
3.1 Starting from the background of the device diode, the topic continues to basics of
semiconductors, formation of the semiconductor diode, theory of practical and ideal
diode. It is then concluded with applications like rectifiers and clipping and clamping
circuits.
4.4.4.4. Bipolar Junction TransistorBipolar Junction TransistorBipolar Junction TransistorBipolar Junction Transistor
4.1 This topic briefly introduces the concepts of basic BJT theory using the concepts of
pn junction diodes. It further describes modes of operation of transistors, its characteristic
in different modes, Dc analysis of transistor circuits. AC analysis of different amplifier
circuits using their h parameter models is presented in brief. Adequate analysis problems
have been presented to support the theory
5.5.5.5. MOSFETMOSFETMOSFETMOSFET
5.1 In most of the advanced electronic circuits and systems the MOSFET is used as an
active device or switch instead of BJTs. This topic introduces MOSFETs and its basic
theory along with primary circuit analysis to the readers. Starting with highlighting the
limitations of BJTs or TTL circuits, the topic proceeds to MOSFET structure, types,
symbols, basic operations and it’s characteristics. For using the device in practical
systems, its appropriate biasing is very much necessary. Once the MOSFET is
appropriately biased, the circuit becomes ready to process a signal input. Amplification is
the most common application of MOSFETs in analog domain. So we present basic
concept of amplifier using MOSFET. The three categories of basic MOSFET amplifiers
have been presented in adequate brief in this topic along with their analysis. Another
most important area of MOSFET applications is electronic switching, rather if one says,
“the switching applications of the transistors are the root of modern digital electronic
5. Certified Electronics Design Associate
www.vskills.in
revolution”, it won’t be an exaggeration. Finally, switching application of MOSFET is
introduced in brief
6.6.6.6. Operational AmplifierOperational AmplifierOperational AmplifierOperational Amplifier
6.1 This topic briefly introduces the concepts of differential amplifiers followed by its
most popular integrated circuit form called operational amplifiers or OPAMPs. In fact,
initially operational amplifier was considered as a building block for implementing some
mathematical operations like addition, summation, differentiation and integration in
analogue computers. However, soon it was noticed that it can be used for many other
applications besides computations and amplification. Now it is possibly the most
frequently used analogue integrated circuit for implementing a broad range of analogue
circuit applications. The basic concept of OPAMP is an enhanced form of a differential
amplifier. Thus initially we introduce differential amplifier in brief. Further the concept
and general block diagram of an OPAMP is introduced along with its characterizing
parameters. The OPAMP can be used in two configurations i.e. open loop and closed
loop. Though applications designed around open loop configuration i.e. without
feedback, are comparatively less in number, closed loop configuration enjoys wide
popularity among analogue electronic circuit design. Also the circuit applications can be
categorized as linear applications like amplifiers, integrators and differentiators and not
linear applications like precision rectifiers and logarithmic amplifiers.
7.7.7.7. IntIntIntIntroduction to Digital Circuitsroduction to Digital Circuitsroduction to Digital Circuitsroduction to Digital Circuits
7.1 In earlier topics, BJT and MOSFET characteristics were revisited. BJT and MOSFET
applications were categorized in two types as linear applications like amplifiers and
switching applications those are foundation of digital electronics. Finally for studying the
representation of voltage levels in analog systems, the decimal number counting system
was demonstrated with an algorithmic approach to count generation. But the digital
circuits and systems use system with only two symbols 0 and 1 i.e. binary system. It was
discussed that the digital systems are more immune to noise as compared to analog
systems, though the implementation procedure may require complex integrated circuits.
Finally, a brief comparison of analog and digitals systems is presented
8.8.8.8. Number SystemsNumber SystemsNumber SystemsNumber Systems
8.1 Number systems are numerical mathematical counting or measuring tools. Different
number systems are used for counting different entities. The most popular and frequently
used number system in human day to day life is the decimal number system. Decimal
number system is used throughout the world for domestic counting purposes. For
example, the whole currency system uses the decimal system and we have 1 (one) rupee,
10 (ten) rupees, 100 (hundred) rupees etc. On the other hand, for counting time, we use a
system that uses decimal number symbols but with different counting style. After
counting 60 seconds, we count one minute and after counting 60 such minutes, we count
one hour. Twelve such hours mark day time and twenty four such hours mark a complete
day and counting proceeds to week, month and year etc. Finally, it is obvious that for
6. Certified Electronics Design Associate
www.vskills.in
counting every entity we require a number system. But for counting different objects and
entities different number systems may be required. We have already discussed basis
concepts of number systems in the first chapter with an example of decimal number
system. We have also discussed a number system to represent functioning of digital
systems that has only two voltage levels defined in it; namely binary system. It is quiet
clear that a number system is basically characterized by its set of symbols and its base.
9.9.9.9. Combinatorial Logic SystemsCombinatorial Logic SystemsCombinatorial Logic SystemsCombinatorial Logic Systems
9.1 This topic introduces basic digital logic circuits those are used as building blocks for
implementing complex digital circuits and systems. As already discussed, in the eighth
topic, these circuits may be implemented using either BJTs or MOSFETs. Before actually
starting the study of logic circuits, they are explained using analogous electrical circuits
for clear conceptual understanding.
10.10.10.10. Logic Expression and MinimisationLogic Expression and MinimisationLogic Expression and MinimisationLogic Expression and Minimisation
10.1 In the ninth topic, we have studied basic digital logic gates circuits like NOT, AND,
OR. The outputs of these circuits (represented by Y) are some specific functions of inputs
or outputs represented by A and B. It is to be noted here that in all those digital circuits
the input or output represented by A, B and Y can assume only two values i.e. 0 or 1.
Thus, in a limited sense A, B and Y (or inputs and outputs of digital circuits) are called
variables. As already studied in the topic, the output variables can be expressed as
functions of input variables using the characteristic equations of each basic digital logic
circuit. These equations are called Boolean equations and the related mathematics is
called Boolean Algebra after a mathematician George Bool.
11.11.11.11. Combinatorial Logic ModulesCombinatorial Logic ModulesCombinatorial Logic ModulesCombinatorial Logic Modules
11.1 This topic introduces a few most commonly used combinational logic blocks for
designing practical digital circuits and systems. All these combinational logic blocks use
basic logic for their implementation and they are available in commercial integrated
circuit packages with different specifications.
Decoders
Encoders
Multiplexers
Demultiplexers
Half Adder
Full Adder
12.12.12.12. Sequential Logic SystemsSequential Logic SystemsSequential Logic SystemsSequential Logic Systems
12.1 So far we have studied digital logic circuits of which the outputs are Boolean
functions of their current inputs. The outputs of these circuits are not functions of the
earlier inputs or outputs. Such circuits are called combinational logic circuits. Sequential
7. Certified Electronics Design Associate
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systems are the systems in which the output depends not only on the current inputs but
also on the current and may be many earlier outputs. Initially, we introduce the basic
concept of sequential systems as finite state machines. Further, two types of the state
machines named Moore and Mealy machines have been presented in brief. The
sequential machines require memory elements to store the earlier state(s) of outputs. So
we introduce a basic latch as a memory element that can hold data.
13.13.13.13. Programmable Logic DevicesProgrammable Logic DevicesProgrammable Logic DevicesProgrammable Logic Devices
13.1 Programmable logic devices are of high importance not only as non-volatile
memory devices but also as digital hardware building components. In this topic, we
discuss some basic types of programmable logic devices and further present their
applications in digital hardware design.
8. Certified Electronics Design Associate
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Course OutlineCourse OutlineCourse OutlineCourse Outline
Introduction to Signals and SpectraIntroduction to Signals and SpectraIntroduction to Signals and SpectraIntroduction to Signals and Spectra
This topic briefly introduces the concepts of data , information and signals. It further
describes base band signals followed by the types of signals. Finally it presents a brief
description on spectrum of signals and the frequency spectrum in general.
AmplifiersAmplifiersAmplifiersAmplifiers
This topic initially presents an introduction to a very important concept of
amplification and amplifier circuit. Further a few parameters those characterize and
quantify the performance of an amplifier have been defined. Four types rather models of
amplifiers have been presented based on their input and output signal. Finally frequency
response and bandwidth of an amplifier has been discussed in brief.
Semiconductor DiodesSemiconductor DiodesSemiconductor DiodesSemiconductor Diodes
Starting from the background of the device diode, the topic continues to basics of
semiconductors, formation of the semiconductor diode, theory of practical and ideal
diode. It is then concluded with applications like rectifiers and clipping and clamping
circuits.
Bipolar Junction TransistorBipolar Junction TransistorBipolar Junction TransistorBipolar Junction Transistor
This topic briefly introduces the concepts of basic BJT theory using the concepts of
pn junction diodes. It further describes modes of operation of transistors, its characteristic
in different modes, Dc analysis of transistor circuits. AC analysis of different amplifier
circuits using their h parameter models is presented in brief. Adequate analysis problems
have been presented to support the theory
MOSFETMOSFETMOSFETMOSFET
In most of the advanced electronic circuits and systems the MOSFET is used as an
active device or switch instead of BJTs. This topic introduces MOSFETs and its basic
theory along with primary circuit analysis to the readers. Starting with highlighting the
limitations of BJTs or TTL circuits, the topic proceeds to MOSFET structure, types,
symbols, basic operations and it’s characteristics. For using the device in practical
systems, its appropriate biasing is very much necessary. Once the MOSFET is
appropriately biased, the circuit becomes ready to process a signal input. Amplification is
the most common application of MOSFETs in analog domain. So we present basic
concept of amplifier using MOSFET. The three categories of basic MOSFET amplifiers
have been presented in adequate brief in this topic along with their analysis. Another
most important area of MOSFET applications is electronic switching, rather if one says,
“the switching applications of the transistors are the root of modern digital electronic
9. Certified Electronics Design Associate
www.vskills.in
revolution”, it won’t be an exaggeration. Finally, switching application of MOSFET is
introduced in brief
Operational AmplifierOperational AmplifierOperational AmplifierOperational Amplifier
This topic briefly introduces the concepts of differential amplifiers followed by its
most popular integrated circuit form called operational amplifiers or OPAMPs. In fact,
initially operational amplifier was considered as a building block for implementing some
mathematical operations like addition, summation, differentiation and integration in
analogue computers. However, soon it was noticed that it can be used for many other
applications besides computations and amplification. Now it is possibly the most
frequently used analogue integrated circuit for implementing a broad range of analogue
circuit applications. The basic concept of OPAMP is an enhanced form of a differential
amplifier. Thus initially we introduce differential amplifier in brief. Further the concept
and general block diagram of an OPAMP is introduced along with its characterizing
parameters. The OPAMP can be used in two configurations i.e. open loop and closed
loop. Though applications designed around open loop configuration i.e. without
feedback, are comparatively less in number, closed loop configuration enjoys wide
popularity among analogue electronic circuit design. Also the circuit applications can be
categorized as linear applications like amplifiers, integrators and differentiators and not
linear applications like precision rectifiers and logarithmic amplifiers.
Introduction to Digital CircuitsIntroduction to Digital CircuitsIntroduction to Digital CircuitsIntroduction to Digital Circuits
In earlier topics, BJT and MOSFET characteristics were revisited. BJT and MOSFET
applications were categorized in two types as linear applications like amplifiers and
switching applications those are foundation of digital electronics. Finally for studying the
representation of voltage levels in analog systems, the decimal number counting system
was demonstrated with an algorithmic approach to count generation. But the digital
circuits and systems use system with only two symbols 0 and 1 i.e. binary system. It was
discussed that the digital systems are more immune to noise as compared to analog
systems, though the implementation procedure may require complex integrated circuits.
Finally, a brief comparison of analog and digitals systems is presented
Number SystemsNumber SystemsNumber SystemsNumber Systems
Number systems are numerical mathematical counting or measuring tools. Different
number systems are used for counting different entities. The most popular and frequently
used number system in human day to day life is the decimal number system. Decimal
number system is used throughout the world for domestic counting purposes. For
example, the whole currency system uses the decimal system and we have 1 (one) rupee,
10 (ten) rupees, 100 (hundred) rupees etc. On the other hand, for counting time, we use a
system that uses decimal number symbols but with different counting style. After
counting 60 seconds, we count one minute and after counting 60 such minutes, we count
one hour. Twelve such hours mark day time and twenty four such hours mark a complete
day and counting proceeds to week, month and year etc. Finally, it is obvious that for
10. Certified Electronics Design Associate
www.vskills.in
counting every entity we require a number system. But for counting different objects and
entities different number systems may be required. We have already discussed basis
concepts of number systems in the first chapter with an example of decimal number
system. We have also discussed a number system to represent functioning of digital
systems that has only two voltage levels defined in it; namely binary system. It is quiet
clear that a number system is basically characterized by its set of symbols and its base.
Combinatorial Logic SystemsCombinatorial Logic SystemsCombinatorial Logic SystemsCombinatorial Logic Systems
This topic introduces basic digital logic circuits those are used as building blocks for
implementing complex digital circuits and systems. As already discussed, in the eighth
topic, these circuits may be implemented using either BJTs or MOSFETs. Before actually
starting the study of logic circuits, they are explained using analogous electrical circuits
for clear conceptual understanding.
Logic Expression and MinimisationLogic Expression and MinimisationLogic Expression and MinimisationLogic Expression and Minimisation
In the ninth topic, we have studied basic digital logic gates circuits like NOT, AND,
OR. The outputs of these circuits (represented by Y) are some specific functions of inputs
or outputs represented by A and B. It is to be noted here that in all those digital circuits
the input or output represented by A, B and Y can assume only two values i.e. 0 or 1.
Thus, in a limited sense A, B and Y (or inputs and outputs of digital circuits) are called
variables. As already studied in the topic, the output variables can be expressed as
functions of input variables using the characteristic equations of each basic digital logic
circuit. These equations are called Boolean equations and the related mathematics is
called Boolean Algebra after a mathematician George Bool.
Combinatorial Logic ModulesCombinatorial Logic ModulesCombinatorial Logic ModulesCombinatorial Logic Modules
This topic introduces a few most commonly used combinational logic blocks for
designing practical digital circuits and systems. All these combinational logic blocks use
basic logic for their implementation and they are available in commercial integrated
circuit packages with different specifications.
Decoders
Encoders
Multiplexers
Demultiplexers
Half Adder
Full Adder
Sequential Logic SystemsSequential Logic SystemsSequential Logic SystemsSequential Logic Systems
So far we have studied digital logic circuits of which the outputs are Boolean
functions of their current inputs. The outputs of these circuits are not functions of the
earlier inputs or outputs. Such circuits are called combinational logic circuits. Sequential
11. Certified Electronics Design Associate
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systems are the systems in which the output depends not only on the current inputs but
also on the current and may be many earlier outputs. Initially, we introduce the basic
concept of sequential systems as finite state machines. Further, two types of the state
machines named Moore and Mealy machines have been presented in brief. The
sequential machines require memory elements to store the earlier state(s) of outputs. So
we introduce a basic latch as a memory element that can hold data.
Programmable Logic DevicesProgrammable Logic DevicesProgrammable Logic DevicesProgrammable Logic Devices
Programmable logic devices are of high importance not only as non-volatile memory
devices but also as digital hardware building components. In this topic, we discuss some
basic types of programmable logic devices and further present their applications in digital
hardware design.