Science 5

1. Electricity and
Circuits

2. Three kinds of particles
present in atoms:
• Protons (p+) – positively charged protons
• Neutral (n) – no-charge neutrons
• Electron (e-) – negatively charged
electrons

3. The first time you brought the comb near the
paper bits, nothing happened, but when you combed
your hair, you gave the comb a charge of static
electricity Then, when you brought the comb near
the paper bits, they were attracted to the comb
because of this charge.

4. Static Electricity – is the result of an
imbalance between negative and positive
charges in an object.

5. Electricity – is the movement of electrons
in a loop or circuit.
An electron from the battery pushes
electrons through a wire. There is a
continuous flow of electrons in a
loop. The loop serves as the path in
which electrons flow from a source.
This path is called an electric
circuit.

6. To produce electricity,
electrons must be able to
move through a complete
path in a circuit.

7. Open circuit – if the electrons cannot
flow because of a cut along the path.

8. Closed circuit – makes the flow of electric
current possible.

9. An electric current is the continuous
flow of electricity. A switch can be
attached to the loop to control the
electron flow. The switch stops or allows
the flow of electrons through the circuit.
This causes light and appliances to work.

10. Two Types of Circuits
Parts of Electric Circuits:
– A voltage source (battery)
– Wires
– Device or load (light bulb)
• Loads have resistance (R)
Resistance is the opposition offered by a body or
material to the flow of an electric current.
Voltage is the force of an electric current. It is
measured in volts.

11. • Series Circuit – the parts of the
electric circuit are connected one after
another the single loop.
If one bulb burns out,
the other bulb will not light
up.
If the circuit is broken or
open, there is no other
pathway for the electrons to
flow. Therefore, the other
devices will no longer work.

12. In a series circuit, when more lights
added, the brightness of each bulb
lessens. It means that the current within
the circuit decreases.

13. • Parallel Circuit – all devices share a
common connection to the negative (-)
and positive (+) terminals of the voltage
source.
The different devices
have different paths
of current, such that
when one bulb or
device is broken, the
other bulb is not
affected.

14. In a parallel series, as the number of
bulbs or resistance increases, the overall
current also increases.