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ELECTRICAL SAFETY Training module pembelajaran
1. BANYU URIP PROJECT
EPC1 - Production Processing Facilities
Contract No. C-3207067
Module 3 – Electrical Safety
CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
TRAINING
2. Objectives
The objectives of the Electrical Safety Procedures (ESP) are the following:
• to provide directives for the application of safety electrical work rules,
• to eliminate personnel injuries, reduction of damage to equipment/property and
to prevent reoccurrence,
• to establish responsibility and accountability,
• to assure the safety of the company's employees and contractors who work on
electrical equipment,
• to ensure the continuity of the electrical supply in the best safe conditions.
4. ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Portable Electrical Apparatus
• In order to minimize the effects of electrical shock, All portable electrical tools and lamps shall be:
• Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) Class, or
• double insulation class II with the double square identification sign, or
• supplied by a feeder equipped with a residual differential 30 mA device including ground
conductor,
• In the very conductive area or enclosure, only SELV Class tools and lamps shall be used.
• An LV/ SELV isolation transformer located out of the area or outside the enclosure shall supply the
AC voltage equipment.
– Inspection & Testing
• All electrical portable power operated apparatus shall be subjected to regular inspection and tested
by certified company.
5. SAFETY BASICS
Generalities Electricity
Electricity help in many ways to improve daily life for all of us, at home and work.
However, electricity is dangerous and causes many accidents which kill around 200 people every year in
France only.
Most of these accidents are due to carelessness. Ignorance or negligence.
While qualified electricians would seem to be the ones most exposed to these dangers, many serious
accidents involve non electricians personnel such as: painters, cleaners, welders etc.
WE CAN NEVER TAKE ANYTHING FOR GRANTED AS REGARDS OF SAFETY.
EVERYONE MUST WORK TO ENSURE THAT THE NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS CONTINUE TO
DECREASE.
6. ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
Electricity Involves The Following Risks:
• The passage of current through the human body
• The projection of matter in fusion as a result of short circuit
• Various risks such as machines starting up unexpectedly.
The passage of current through the Human body
Electrification
is an electric shock that does not kill, whereas electrocution is fatal.
Electrical current passing through the human body causes contractions and internal or superficial
burns which increase with the voltage.
Shock
• Over 30,000 non fatal electrical shock accidents occur each year
• Over 600 people die from electrocution each year
• Electrocution remains the fourth (4th) highest cause of industrial fatalities
• Most injuries and deaths could be avoided.
8. PORTABLE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
General Observations:
Portable electrical equipment is connected to the mains by flexible cables and plugs, which
because they are easily damaged are a potentially dangerous source of electric shocks. Hand-
held, portable equipment are the most dangerous because tetanization can prevent the user from
releasing the equipment if there is an insulation fault. Users should always check their equipment
before use. They should also be inspected periodically by designated maintenance personnel.
Protection against risks of direct contact
To avoid risks of direct contact a few simple rules must be followed;
• Make sure the tool and its power cable are in good working condition.
• Do not carry out any ‘do-it-yourself’ repairs.
• Do not use an extension that has two pins at each end.
• Use industrial cables against risk of walking on in passageways.
• Use standard plugs and sockets that are in good state.
9. PORTABLE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
The principal causes of electric shock from portable electric tools are:
1. FAULTY, DAMAGED OR MISUSED PLUGS, SOCKETS AND TERMINALS.
Faulty or damaged flexible cables or extension leads.
Insulation failure.
Damage to the tool or transformer.
Misuse of equipment.
2. PLUGS, SOCKETS AND TERMINALS ,
An earth wire may be pulled out, due to a faulty cord grip, and touch the live terminal, making the
metalwork on the apparatus live.
The use of wrong connectors when wiring up a plug or terminal can make the apparatus live.
Missing or damaged covers can expose live terminals or conductors.
3. FLEXIBLE CABLES AND EXTENSION LEADS
Damage can be caused by dragging the cable over sharp objects or exposure to hot surfaces,
chemicals, solvents and moving parts of machinery.
The earth conductor may be severed, so that the metalwork or frame becomes live.
Wear, in flexible cables, is usually concentrated at points where cable enters the appliance and
plug - continuous flexing is a common cause of damage.
10. PORTABLE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
The principal causes of electric shock from portable electric tools are:
4. INSULATION FAILURE
• Failure or damage to insulation may cause leakage currents and short circuits, which may result in
metalwork being made live.
5. APPLIANCE OR TRANSFORMER DAMAGE
• If there are loose wires, or damaged casings, switches or connectors, the equipment should not be
used, but returned for servicing.
• Sudden cutting out of equipment, changes in speed, and burning smells are typical indications of
damage.
6. MISUSE OF EQUIPMENT
• Typical examples include:
• Servicing or repairing equipment without isolating it from the power supply.
• Use of wrong or unserviceable connectors or plugs.
• Using equipment which is unsuitable for the service required.
11. FIRST AID
What to do? First aid for victims of electric shocks
• Follow the instructions for giving first aid to electrical accident victims.
The rule is P.A.I.
• Protect; free the victim, taking care not to become a second victim yourself,
• Assist: Give first aid while waiting for the Emergency Services,
• Inform: Or get someone else to inform the emergency services.
Resuscitation Measures
• Switch off the current, if possible, but do not waste time looking for the switch,
• Separate the casualty from the live apparatus, using something dry which will not conduct
electricity, or CATU kit material if available,
• Do not touch the casualty while he is still in contact with the live apparatus,
• Send for medical assistance, do not delay resuscitation by summoning assistance
yourself,
• Check if casualty is breathing commence mouth to mouth resuscitation, continue until
normal breathing return.
• If pallid, pupils dilated, heart may have stopped, (If Certified FIRST AIDER) start external
hearth massage immediately combined with artificial respiration. Continue resuscitation,
cardiac massage until medical assistance arrives. .
12. FIRST AID
Examination of the situation is essential, not only to protect the victim, but also to
protect oneself and one’s surrounding
13. ELECTRICAL REMINDER
Grinder mounted on steel table with wiring
running under the spark area resulted in short
circuit when the cable burned through. The
other people working on the table received
electrical shocks as well as the person
operating the grinder
Extension power cords must be protected and
clamped properly to avoid exposure to the
elements. In this case the use of improper
equipment resulted in injury to workers
14. ELECTRICAL REMINDER
Improper installation at junction boxes leads
to wires being pulled from the retaining clamp
resulting in excessive movement leading to
breaks and short circuits between live and
neutral poles.
Bad insulation and improper wiring methods
cause short circuit faults that when exposed
to the elements become extreme hazards in
the workplace
15. Before using a portable electric tool check to see it is properly earthed, unless it
is an approved type that does not require earthing or ELCB protected.
ELECTRICAL REMINDER
16. Make sure that all cables, plugs or connectors are sound and properly wired
up.
ELECTRICAL REMINDER
17. Use tools only on the correct power supply as instructed on the marker’s
label.
ELECTRICAL REMINDER
