E-learning and its prospects in Nigeria Institutions

MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY
IntroductionIntroduction
The main purpose of e-learning is to
transform the old methods and approaches
to curriculum implementation and not to
silence the curriculum or to extinguish or
erase the contents of curriculum.
E-Learning has been variously defined. It is defined as learning using
electronic means. It is also regarded as the acquisition of knowledge
and skill using electronic technologies such as computer and internet-
based courseware and local and wide area networks. It is a new form
of teaching device by which students, most especially the distant
learners are provided access to the learning materials.

What is e-learning?What is e-learning?
E-learning is Internet-enabledE-learning is Internet-enabled
learning: http://www.cisco.comlearning: http://www.cisco.com
The University / College library URL:://wcl.broward.edu/pathropics.htm, distance education /
distance learning (e-learninge-learning) refers to the teaching learning arrangement in which the learner
and the teacher are separated by geography and time.
The use of Internet technologies toThe use of Internet technologies to
deliver a broad array of solutionsdeliver a broad array of solutions
that enhance knowledge andthat enhance knowledge and
performanceperformance
Rosenberg, 2001Rosenberg, 2001
According to Greenberg (1998), e-learning is a planned teaching / learning experience that uses a wide
spectrum of technologies to reach learners interactions and certification of learning.
Teaster and Blieszer (1999) were of the view that distance education has been applied to many
institutional methods; however, its primary distinction is that the teacher and the learner are separated in
space and possible time.
E-learning is of two major forms. One is
called SYNCHRONOUS and the other is
called ASYNCHRONOUS e-learning.

*Synchronous Learning*Synchronous Learning
E-learning is stillE-learning is still
newnew
The synchronous form is so-called because of its
comprehensive features that allow for interactivity
between the learning content and the learners. It has in-
built features like the forum chatting, audio-effect. In
distance learning, students are separated from the teacher
The synchronous form is so-called because of its
comprehensive features that allow for interactivity
between the learning content and the learners. It has in-
built features like the forum chatting, audio-effect. In
distance learning, students are separated from the teacher

Asynchronous may not necessarily allow for
immediate feedback.
*ASynchronous Learning*ASynchronous Learning
Asynchronous form of e-learning on the other hand is the
direct opposite of synchronous form.
Whereas, the latter by design has multifarious features, the
former does not. It only presents the learning content for
the students to read, internalise and download if need be.
Asynchronous form of e-learning on the other hand is the
direct opposite of synchronous form.
Whereas, the latter by design has multifarious features, the
former does not. It only presents the learning content for
the students to read, internalise and download if need be.

Brief history of e-LearningBrief history of e-Learning
The first indigenous distance learning
programme was the English by Radio
programme of Nigeria Broadcasting
Corporation that followed independence
in 1960.
The future soldiers willThe future soldiers will
not be carry guns butnot be carry guns but
computerscomputers
The National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), was
established in July, 1983, by an Act of the National
Assembly as the first distance learning tertiary
institution in Nigeria when it became crystal clear to the
then Federal Government that the ever growing demand
for education by her people cannot be met by the
traditional means of face-to-face classroom instructional
delivery.

How E-Learning Can Improve QualitativeHow E-Learning Can Improve Qualitative
Education in NigeriaEducation in Nigeria

Advancement of Education TechnologyAdvancement of Education Technology
TIMETIME
TIME
IMPACT
Internet:Internet:
GreatestGreatest
impactimpact

Advancement of Education Technology
Chalk-and-board has long
ruled the classrooms and
will now be eliminated to extinguish
Less emphasis by teachers/lecturers
Computer Aided Instruction
• more emphasis
• on demand learning
• interactive

DO YOU KNOW?DO YOU KNOW?
National ICT list of Required itemsNational ICT list of Required items
KNOWLEDGE-BASEDKNOWLEDGE-BASED
ECONOMYECONOMY
PEOPLEPEOPLE
- Work Culture
- ICT Skills
- Knowledge worker
- Learning Society
- United, moral & ethical
INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE
- Communication
- Fibre-Optic Cabling
- Gigabit ATM
- Satellite
- Transport/Logistic
- etc
APPLICATION &APPLICATION &
CONTENTCONTENT
- Smart Schools
- e-govt.
- Smartcard
- Tele-medicine
- Others

ECONOMY
TIME
INFORMATION SOCIETY
KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY
COMPETITIVE SOCIETY
2005 20202010
ICT based Economy
Knowledge Products &
Services
Competitive Knowledge
Economy
DO YOU KNOW?
National ICT education vision

Evolvement of eLearningEvolvement of eLearning
Learning models will need to changeLearning models will need to change
INDUSTRIAL AGEINDUSTRIAL AGE
LEARNING MODELLEARNING MODEL
DIGITAL AGEDIGITAL AGE
LEARNING MODELLEARNING MODEL
How do people learn in a digital environment?How do people learn in a digital environment?
Is e-learning effective?Is e-learning effective?
Are learners ready?Are learners ready?
New learning model are neededNew learning model are needed

Traditional & E-learning ApproachTraditional & E-learning Approach
Traditional and E-learning approachesTraditional and E-learning approaches
Traditional ClassroomTraditional Classroom E-LearningE-Learning
ClassroomClassroom • Physical – limited sizePhysical – limited size
• SynchronousSynchronous
• UnlimitedUnlimited
• Anytime, anywhereAnytime, anywhere
ContentContent • PowerPoint/transparency/etcPowerPoint/transparency/etc
• Textbooks/libraryTextbooks/library
• VideoVideo
• CollaborationCollaboration
• Multimedia / simulationMultimedia / simulation
• Digital libraryDigital library
• On demandOn demand
• Syn & Asyn. CommunicationSyn & Asyn. Communication
PersonalisationPersonalisation • One learning pathOne learning path • Learning path and paceLearning path and pace
determined by learnerdetermined by learner

Delivery mode will changeDelivery mode will change
Lack of facilities and
funding
Increase in tuition fee
Growing student population
Privatisation of
education
Cost effective solutions
(e.g. e-learning)
More virtual universities
Delivery ModeDelivery Mode
100 : 0 (F/T)100 : 0 (F/T)
80 : 20 (F/T)80 : 20 (F/T)
20 : 80 (DE)20 : 80 (DE)
BRICKBRICK
CLICKCLICK

Teaching aids will changeTeaching aids will change
BlackboardBlackboard OHPOHP TV/VHSTV/VHS
LCDLCD
PCPC
WhiteboardWhiteboard

Prospects of e--Learning
• ConvenientConvenient
– self-serviceself-service
– on-demand (on-demand (anytime, anywhereanytime, anywhere))
– private learningprivate learning
– self-pacedself-paced
– Flexibility:Flexibility: (modular package)(modular package)

• Cost-effective (Time & Money Saving)Cost-effective (Time & Money Saving)
– Virtual learning environmentVirtual learning environment
– Share lessons among schoolsShare lessons among schools
– Reduce material costReduce material cost
– Reduce travel/accommodation costsReduce travel/accommodation costs

• ConsistentConsistent
– Central control of contentCentral control of content
– Same quality of content for allSame quality of content for all
– Same quality of education for allSame quality of education for all

Prospects of e-LearningProspects of e-Learning
• Scalability
 E-learning enables us to quickly create and communicate
new policies, training, ideas, and concepts. Be it for
entertainment or formal education, e-learning is nimble!
• Activity and ROI Measurements
 If you are using a learning management system to deliver
your e-learning, then tracking learner progress is a piece-of-
cake, and reporting on this activity is just as simple.

• High Learning RetentionHigh Learning Retention
– Blended learning approaches result in a higher
knowledge retention rate. It also helps that
coursework can be refreshed and updated
whenever needed

Building an e-learning cultureBuilding an e-learning culture
Learner:Learner:
Self-directedSelf-directed
Self-motivatedSelf-motivated
Self-regulatingSelf-regulating
Lifelong learningLifelong learning
Teacher:Teacher:
Develop knowledge & skillsDevelop knowledge & skills
Understand learning and its needUnderstand learning and its need
Facilitate learningFacilitate learning
Create learning opportunitiesCreate learning opportunities
Administrator:Administrator:
Create Learning environmentCreate Learning environment
Provide ICT infrastructureProvide ICT infrastructure
Resources for lifelong learningResources for lifelong learning
Building anBuilding an
E-learningE-learning
CultureCulture

E-learning tools: E-mailE-learning tools: E-mail
• Every teacher should have an e-mail accountEvery teacher should have an e-mail account
• Communicate with studentsCommunicate with students
• Communicate with parentsCommunicate with parents
• Students can submit assignmentStudents can submit assignment
• Can have attachmentsCan have attachments
• Create a paperless environmentCreate a paperless environment
• Simple but effectiveSimple but effective
• Efficient and cost effectiveEfficient and cost effective

E-learning tools: ChatE-learning tools: Chat
• Synchronous communication toolSynchronous communication tool
• Communicate with studentsCommunicate with students
• Communicate with parentsCommunicate with parents
• More students participateMore students participate
• Collaborative learningCollaborative learning

E-learning tools: Online ForumE-learning tools: Online Forum
• Asynchronous discussion forumAsynchronous discussion forum
• Teacher can create discussion groupsTeacher can create discussion groups
• Teacher could post a question and request students to commentTeacher could post a question and request students to comment
• Students can post their commentsStudents can post their comments
• Can encourage community participationCan encourage community participation
• Collaborative learning can be fosteredCollaborative learning can be fostered
• Feedback from diverse cultureFeedback from diverse culture
 A good example of online forum is a web based learning system,A good example of online forum is a web based learning system,
Supported by images, audio, simulation and multimedia; example:Supported by images, audio, simulation and multimedia; example:
http://www.younprime.comhttp://www.younprime.com

E-learning tools: Video ConferenceE-learning tools: Video Conference
• Can conduct a live lectureCan conduct a live lecture
• Communication with studentsCommunication with students
• Communication with parentsCommunication with parents
• Support by audio, chat and whiteboardSupport by audio, chat and whiteboard
• Support sharing of applicationsSupport sharing of applications
• Can be recorded and later be used for on demand lecturesCan be recorded and later be used for on demand lectures
• Demo…Demo…

Tools: Learning Management System (LMS)Tools: Learning Management System (LMS)
• Management of contentManagement of content
• Tracking studentsTracking students
• Administrative featuresAdministrative features
• Integration with various tools such as chat,Integration with various tools such as chat,
forum, e-mail, etc.forum, e-mail, etc.
• ReportingReporting
• Demo... of Multimedia Learning SystemDemo... of Multimedia Learning System
(MMLS)(MMLS)

Challenges facing e-learning in NigeriaChallenges facing e-learning in Nigeria
• Lack of qualified teachers to teach ICT in schoolsLack of qualified teachers to teach ICT in schools
 The demand for ICT learning has been tremendous and the number of teachers who are trained toThe demand for ICT learning has been tremendous and the number of teachers who are trained to
teach ICT cannot meet the demand. There are more students willing to be taught computing skillsteach ICT cannot meet the demand. There are more students willing to be taught computing skills
than there are teaches to transfer the skills.than there are teaches to transfer the skills.
• Lack of electricityLack of electricity
 Many schools are still not yet connected to electricity; Nigeria being a developing country, theMany schools are still not yet connected to electricity; Nigeria being a developing country, the
government has not been able to connect all parts of the country to the national electricity grid.government has not been able to connect all parts of the country to the national electricity grid.
Consequently those schools that fall under such areas are left handicapped and may not be able toConsequently those schools that fall under such areas are left handicapped and may not be able to
offer computer studies.offer computer studies.
• Broken down computersBroken down computers
 While a good number of schools have benefited from donated used computers, they have not beenWhile a good number of schools have benefited from donated used computers, they have not been
adequately equipped with the same on maintenance and repair, hence its very common to see aadequately equipped with the same on maintenance and repair, hence its very common to see a
schools computer lab full of broken down computers, some repairable and some not. This hasschools computer lab full of broken down computers, some repairable and some not. This has
actually been a major problem, and the government has now put strict measures on any person,actually been a major problem, and the government has now put strict measures on any person,
NGO or corporate bodies willing to donate 2nd hand computers. (It is seen as a dumping ground);NGO or corporate bodies willing to donate 2nd hand computers. (It is seen as a dumping ground);
e-waste management.e-waste management.

Challenges facing e-learning in NigeriaChallenges facing e-learning in Nigeria
• Lack of internet or slow connectivityLack of internet or slow connectivity
 Most schools are not able to connect to the World Wide Web, due to the high costs involved in theMost schools are not able to connect to the World Wide Web, due to the high costs involved in the
connectivity. On average, it may cost approximately $150 per month to connect to about 15connectivity. On average, it may cost approximately $150 per month to connect to about 15
computers on a bandwidth of 128/64kbps. This is considered as very expensive for a very slowcomputers on a bandwidth of 128/64kbps. This is considered as very expensive for a very slow
speed.speed.
• Lack of computersLack of computers
 Computers are still very expensive and despite spirited efforts by the government agencies, NGO,Computers are still very expensive and despite spirited efforts by the government agencies, NGO,
corporate organizations and individuals to donate computers to as many schools as possible,corporate organizations and individuals to donate computers to as many schools as possible,
therestill remain a big percentage of the schools unable to purchase computers for use by theirtherestill remain a big percentage of the schools unable to purchase computers for use by their
Students.Students.
• Computers are still expensive in NigeriaComputers are still expensive in Nigeria
 In a country with high rate of inflation, majority of the individuals and schools cannot afford toIn a country with high rate of inflation, majority of the individuals and schools cannot afford to
buy a computer and consider it as a luxury item, more expensive than a TV. While second handbuy a computer and consider it as a luxury item, more expensive than a TV. While second hand
computers cost as N45, 000 naira and branded new computers being sold at between N98, 000 andcomputers cost as N45, 000 naira and branded new computers being sold at between N98, 000 and
above.above.

ConclusionConclusion
• E-learning has every sign of long survival as long as such digital devices become more available.E-learning has every sign of long survival as long as such digital devices become more available.
That means when the devices become more afforded, the connectivity bandwidths become widelyThat means when the devices become more afforded, the connectivity bandwidths become widely
use and less constraint; the multimedia applications will prosper. The survival of tertiaryuse and less constraint; the multimedia applications will prosper. The survival of tertiary
educational institutions in the 21st century will increasingly rely on various forms of electroniceducational institutions in the 21st century will increasingly rely on various forms of electronic
delivery system and communication facilities available in markets that are required to makedelivery system and communication facilities available in markets that are required to make
education to be more flexible.education to be more flexible.
• The adoption and use of ICTs in schools have a positive impact on teaching, learning, andThe adoption and use of ICTs in schools have a positive impact on teaching, learning, and
research. Despite the roles ICTs can play in education, schools in Nigeria have yet to extensivelyresearch. Despite the roles ICTs can play in education, schools in Nigeria have yet to extensively
adopt them for teaching and learning. Efforts geared towards integration of ICTs into the schooladopt them for teaching and learning. Efforts geared towards integration of ICTs into the school
system, have not had much impact. Problems such as poor policy and project implementationsystem, have not had much impact. Problems such as poor policy and project implementation
strategies and poor information infrastructure militate against these efforts. For e-learning tostrategies and poor information infrastructure militate against these efforts. For e-learning to
succeed in Nigeria, there is the need to build on another important pillar i.e. the existence ofsucceed in Nigeria, there is the need to build on another important pillar i.e. the existence of
befitting infrastructure and some degree of viable connectivity. A growing difference in marketbefitting infrastructure and some degree of viable connectivity. A growing difference in market
liberalization of the Internet-access supply is leading to another kind of “digital divide” on theliberalization of the Internet-access supply is leading to another kind of “digital divide” on the
global scale many countries have introduced or are introducing telecommunications regulationsglobal scale many countries have introduced or are introducing telecommunications regulations
that discourage the development of Internet-access service. Nigeria should take heed of that.that discourage the development of Internet-access service. Nigeria should take heed of that.

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